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--H.R.2883--
H.R.2883
One Hundred Sixth Congress
of the
United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday,
the twenty-fourth day of January, two thousand
An Act
To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to modify the provisions
governing acquisition of citizenship by children born outside of the United
States, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the `Child Citizenship Act of 2000'.
TITLE I--CITIZENSHIP FOR CERTAIN CHILDREN BORN OUTSIDE THE UNITED
STATES
SEC. 101. AUTOMATIC ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP FOR CERTAIN CHILDREN BORN
OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.
(a) IN GENERAL- Section 320 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1431) is amended to read as follows:
`children born outside the united states and residing permanently in the
united states; conditions under which citizenship automatically acquired
`SEC. 320. (a) A child born outside of the United States automatically
becomes a citizen of the United States when all of the following conditions have
been fulfilled:
`(1) At least one parent of the child is a citizen of the United States,
whether by birth or naturalization.
`(2) The child is under the age of eighteen years.
`(3) The child is residing in the United States in the legal and physical
custody of the citizen parent pursuant to a lawful admission for permanent
residence.
`(b) Subsection (a) shall apply to a child adopted by a United States
citizen parent if the child satisfies the requirements applicable to adopted
children under section 101(b)(1).'.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- The table of sections of such Act is amended by
striking the item relating to section 320 and inserting the following:
`Sec. 320. Children born outside the United States and residing permanently
in the United States; conditions under which citizenship automatically
acquired.'.
SEC. 102. ACQUISITION OF CERTIFICATE OF CITIZENSHIP FOR CERTAIN CHILDREN
BORN OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.
(a) IN GENERAL- Section 322 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1433) is amended to read as follows:
`children born and residing outside the united states; conditions for
acquiring certificate of citizenship
`SEC. 322. (a) A parent who is a citizen of the United States may apply for
naturalization on behalf of a child born outside of the United States who has
not acquired citizenship automatically under section 320. The Attorney General
shall issue a certificate of citizenship to such parent upon proof, to the
satisfaction of the Attorney General, that the following conditions have been
fulfilled:
`(1) At least one parent is a citizen of the United States, whether by birth
or naturalization.
`(2) The United States citizen parent--
`(A) has been physically present in the United States or its outlying
possessions for a period or periods totaling not less than five years, at least
two of which were after attaining the age of fourteen years; or
`(B) has a citizen parent who has been physically present in the United
States or its outlying possessions for a period or periods totaling not less
than five years, at least two of which were after attaining the age of fourteen
years.
`(3) The child is under the age of eighteen years.
`(4) The child is residing outside of the United States in the legal and
physical custody of the citizen parent, is temporarily present in the United
States pursuant to a lawful admission, and is maintaining such lawful
status.
`(b) Upon approval of the application (which may be filed from abroad) and,
except as provided in the last sentence of section 337(a), upon taking and
subscribing before an officer of the Service within the United States to the
oath of allegiance required by this Act of an applicant for naturalization, the
child shall become a citizen of the United States and shall be furnished by the
Attorney General with a certificate of citizenship.
`(c) Subsections (a) and (b) shall apply to a child adopted by a United
States citizen parent if the child satisfies the requirements applicable to
adopted children under section 101(b)(1).'.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- The table of sections of such Act is amended by
striking the item relating to section 322 and inserting the following:
`Sec. 322. Children born and residing outside the United States; conditions
for acquiring certificate of citizenship.'.
SEC. 103. CONFORMING AMENDMENT.
(a) IN GENERAL- Section 321 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1432) is repealed.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- The table of sections of such Act is amended by
striking the item relating to section 321.
SEC. 104. EFFECTIVE DATE.
The amendments made by this title shall take effect 120 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to individuals who satisfy the
requirements of section 320 or 322 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as in
effect on such effective date.
TITLE II--PROTECTIONS FOR CERTAIN ALIENS VOTING BASED ON REASONABLE
BELIEF OF CITIZENSHIP
SEC. 201. PROTECTIONS FROM FINDING OF BAD MORAL CHARACTER, REMOVAL FROM THE
UNITED STATES, AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES.
(a) PROTECTION FROM BEING CONSIDERED NOT OF GOOD MORAL CHARACTER-
(1) IN GENERAL- Section 101(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1101(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
`In the case of an alien who makes a false statement or claim of
citizenship, or who registers to vote or votes in a Federal, State, or local
election (including an initiative, recall, or referendum) in violation of a
lawful restriction of such registration or voting to citizens, if each natural
parent of the alien (or, in the case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent
of the alien) is or was a citizen (whether by birth or naturalization), the
alien permanently resided in the United States prior to attaining the age of 16,
and the alien reasonably believed at the time of such statement, claim, or
violation that he or she was a citizen, no finding that the alien is, or was,
not of good moral character may be made based on it.'.
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE- The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall be effective
as if included in the enactment of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-546) and shall
apply to individuals having an application for a benefit under the Immigration
and Nationality Act pending on or after September 30, 1996.
(b) PROTECTION FROM BEING CONSIDERED INADMISSIBLE-
(1) UNLAWFUL VOTING- Section 212(a)(10)(D) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(10)(D)) is amended to read as
follows:
`(i) IN GENERAL- Any alien who has voted in violation of any Federal, State,
or local constitutional provision, statute, ordinance, or regulation is
inadmissible.
`(ii) EXCEPTION- In the case of an alien who voted in a Federal, State, or
local election (including an initiative, recall, or referendum) in violation of
a lawful restriction of voting to citizens, if each natural parent of the alien
(or, in the case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the alien) is or
was a citizen (whether by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently
resided in the United States prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien
reasonably believed at the time of such violation that he or she was a citizen,
the alien shall not be considered to be inadmissible under any provision of this
subsection based on such violation.'.
(2) FALSELY CLAIMING CITIZENSHIP- Section 212(a)(6)(C)(ii) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(6)(C)(ii)) is amended to read
as follows:
`(ii) FALSELY CLAIMING CITIZENSHIP-
`(I) IN GENERAL- Any alien who falsely represents, or has falsely
represented, himself or herself to be a citizen of the United States for any
purpose or benefit under this Act (including section 274A) or any other Federal
or State law is inadmissible.
`(II) EXCEPTION- In the case of an alien making a representation described
in subclause (I), if each natural parent of the alien (or, in the case of an
adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the alien) is or was a citizen (whether
by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently resided in the United States
prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien reasonably believed at the time
of making such representation that he or she was a citizen, the alien shall not
be considered to be inadmissible under any provision of this subsection based on
such representation.'.
(3) EFFECTIVE DATES- The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall be effective
as if included in the enactment of section 347 of the Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat.
3009-638) and shall apply to voting occurring before, on, or after September 30,
1996. The amendment made by paragraph (2) shall be effective as if included in
the enactment of section 344 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-637) and shall
apply to representations made on or after September 30, 1996. Such amendments
shall apply to individuals in proceedings under the Immigration and Nationality
Act on or after September 30, 1996.
(c) PROTECTION FROM BEING CONSIDERED DEPORTABLE-
(1) UNLAWFUL VOTING- Section 237(a)(6) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(6)) is amended to read as follows:
`(A) IN GENERAL- Any alien who has voted in violation of any Federal, State,
or local constitutional provision, statute, ordinance, or regulation is
deportable.
`(B) EXCEPTION- In the case of an alien who voted in a Federal, State, or
local election (including an initiative, recall, or referendum) in violation of
a lawful restriction of voting to citizens, if each natural parent of the alien
(or, in the case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the alien) is or
was a citizen (whether by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently
resided in the United States prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien
reasonably believed at the time of such violation that he or she was a citizen,
the alien shall not be considered to be deportable under any provision of this
subsection based on such violation.'.
(2) FALSELY CLAIMING CITIZENSHIP- Section 237(a)(3)(D) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(D)) is amended to read as
follows:
`(D) FALSELY CLAIMING CITIZENSHIP-
`(i) IN GENERAL- Any alien who falsely represents, or has falsely
represented, himself to be a citizen of the United States for any purpose or
benefit under this Act (including section 274A) or any Federal or State law is
deportable.
`(ii) EXCEPTION- In the case of an alien making a representation described
in clause (i), if each natural parent of the alien (or, in the case of an
adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the alien) is or was a citizen (whether
by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently resided in the United States
prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien reasonably believed at the time
of making such representation that he or she was a citizen, the alien shall not
be considered to be deportable under any provision of this subsection based on
such representation.'.
(3) EFFECTIVE DATES- The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall be effective
as if included in the enactment of section 347 of the Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat.
3009-638) and shall apply to voting occurring before, on, or after September 30,
1996. The amendment made by paragraph (2) shall be effective as if included in
the enactment of section 344 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-637) and shall
apply to representations made on or after September 30, 1996. Such amendments
shall apply to individuals in proceedings under the Immigration and Nationality
Act on or after September 30, 1996.
(d) PROTECTION FROM CRIMINAL PENALTIES-
(1) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR VOTING BY ALIENS IN FEDERAL ELECTION- Section 611
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
following:
`(c) Subsection (a) does not apply to an alien if--
`(1) each natural parent of the alien (or, in the case of an adopted alien,
each adoptive parent of the alien) is or was a citizen (whether by birth or
naturalization);
`(2) the alien permanently resided in the United States prior to attaining
the age of 16; and
`(3) the alien reasonably believed at the time of voting in violation of
such subsection that he or she was a citizen of the United States.'.
(2) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSE CLAIM TO CITIZENSHIP- Section 1015 of title
18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
`Subsection (f) does not apply to an alien if each natural parent of the
alien (or, in the case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the alien)
is or was a citizen (whether by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently
resided in the United States prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien
reasonably believed at the time of making the false statement or claim that he
or she was a citizen of the United States.'.
(3) EFFECTIVE DATES- The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall be effective
as if included in the enactment of section 216 of the Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat.
3009-572). The amendment made by paragraph (2) shall be effective as if included
in the enactment of section 215 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-572). The
amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply to an alien prosecuted on
or after September 30, 1996, except in the case of an alien whose criminal
proceeding (including judicial review thereof) has been finally concluded before
the date of the enactment of this Act.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
END
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