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DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES (4th Ed., Rev. 1991)001.061-010 to 024.364-010 This category includes occupations concerned with the theoretical or practical aspects of such fields of human endeavor as art, science, engineering, education, medicine, law, business relations, and administrative, managerial, and technical work. Most of these occupations require substantial educational preparation (usually at the university, junior college, or technical institute level). 00/01 OCCUPATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING, AND SURVEYING
001 ARCHITECTURAL OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design and construction of buildings and related structures, or landscaping, and floating structures, according to aesthetic and functional factors.
001.061-010 ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.)
Researches, plans, designs, and administers building projects
for clients, applying knowledge of design, construction procedures, zoning and building codes,
and building materials: Consults with client to determine functional and spatial requirements of
new structure or renovation, and prepares information regarding design, specifications, materials,
color, equipment, estimated costs, and construction time. Plans layout of project and integrates
engineering elements into unified design for client review and approval. Prepares scale drawings
and contract documents for building contractors. Represents client in obtaining bids and
awarding construction contracts. Administers construction contracts and conducts periodic
on-site observation of work during construction to monitor compliance with plans. May prepare
operating and maintenance manuals, studies, and reports. May use computer-assisted design
software and equipment to prepare project designs and plans. May direct activities of workers
engaged in preparing drawings and specification documents.
001.061-014 ARCHITECT, MARINE (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: architect, naval; naval designer
Designs and oversees construction and repair of marine craft
and floating structures, such as ships, barges, tugs, dredges, submarines, torpedoes, floats, and
buoys: Studies design proposals and specifications to establish basic characteristics of craft, such
as size, weight, speed, propulsion, armament, cargo, displacement, draft, crew and passenger
complements, and fresh or salt water service. Oversees construction and testing of prototype in
model basin and develops sectional and waterline curves of hull to establish center of gravity,
ideal hull form, and buoyancy and stability data. Designs complete hull and superstructure
according to specifications and test data, in conformity with standards of safety, efficiency, and
economy. Designs layout of craft interior including cargo space, passenger compartments, ladder
wells, and elevators. Confers with MARINE ENGINEERS (profess. & kin.) to establish
arrangement of boiler room equipment and propulsion machinery, heating and ventilating
systems, refrigeration equipment, piping, and other functional equipment. Evaluates performance
of craft during dock and sea trials to determine design changes and conformance with national
and international standards.
001.061-018 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: community planner; environmental planner; land planner; site planner
Plans and designs development of land areas for projects,
such as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, and parkways, hospitals,
schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites: Confers with clients,
engineering personnel, and ARCHITECTS (profess. & kin.) on overall program. Compiles and
analyzes data on such site conditions as geographic location; soil, vegetation, and rock features;
drainage; and location of structures for preparation of environmental impact report and
development of landscaping plans. Prepares site plans, working drawings, specifications, and
cost estimates for land development, showing ground contours, vegetation, locations of
structures, and such facilities as roads, walks, parking areas, fences, walls, and utilities,
coordinating arrangement of existing and proposed land features and structures. Inspects
construction work in progress to ensure compliance with landscape specifications, to approve
quality of materials and work, and to advise client and construction personnel on landscape
features. May be designated according to project as Highway-Landscape Architect (profess. &
kin.); Park-Landscape Architect (profess. & kin.).
001.167-010 SCHOOL-PLANT CONSULTANT (education)
Formulates and enforces standards for construction and
alteration of public school facilities throughout state: Develops legislation relative to school
building sites and school design and construction. Guides school districts in development of long
range comprehensive master plans, including such factors as site selection and expected
population growth and mobility, and school finance and specifications. Coordinates activities,
jurisdictions, and responsibilities of adjacent school districts and evaluates entire systems of
schools. Provides technical information and advice to local school authorities considering
construction or renovation of school plant. Inspects proposed sites and schools under
construction or undergoing alteration to enforce applicable standards. Prepares suggested
classroom plans and layouts, taking into consideration such factors as climate, construction costs,
availability of materials, and accepted principles of institutional construction. Reviews plans for
construction and renovation of school buildings and approves or disapproves plans in accordance
with standards and policies of department. Confers with representatives of school boards,
educators, and architects to explain and reach agreement on design concepts and construction
standards. Arbitrates difficult and unusual construction disputes. Conducts special research
studies concerned with lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and acoustics. Prepares
reports for state education department and state legislature.
001.261-010 DRAFTER, ARCHITECTURAL (profess. & kin.)
Prepares detailed drawings of architectural designs and plans
for buildings, according to specifications, sketches, and rough drafts provided by ARCHITECT
(profess. & kin.) 001.061-010: Draws rough and detailed sketches, drawings, and plans to scale
[DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title].
001.261-014 DRAFTER, LANDSCAPE (profess. & kin.)
Prepares detailed scale drawings and tracings from rough
sketches or other data provided by LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.), performing
duties described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May prepare separate detailed
site plan, grading and drainage plan, lighting plan, paving plan, irrigation plan, planting plan, and
drawings and detail of garden structures. May build models of proposed landscape construction
and prepare colored drawings for presentation to client.
002 AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with design and development of aircraft, space vehicles, surface effect vehicles, missiles, weapons, and related systems. Accessory techniques needed are those found in electronic and electrical engineering, mechanical and electromechanical engineering, metallurgy, propulsion systems design, ordnance engineering, and human factors and test engineering.
002.061-010 AERODYNAMICIST (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: aerodynamics engineer; aerophysics engineer
Plans and conducts analysis of aerodynamic, thermodynamic,
aerothermodynamic, and aerophysics concepts, systems, and designs to resolve problems and
determine suitability and application to aircraft and aerospace products: Establishes
computational methods and computer input data for analyzing problems. Analyzes designs and
develops configurations to ensure satisfactory static and dynamic stability and control
characteristics for completed vehicle. Initiates and assists in formulating and evaluating
laboratory, flight, and wind tunnel test programs, and prepares reports and conclusions for other
engineering and design personnel. Coordinates activities of model design group and model shop
to assure required configuration of wind tunnel models. Prepares air load data on vehicle to
conform to aerodynamic requirements. May prepare reports on results of analyses, such as flight
performance validation, aircraft configuration, trade studies, and aircraft certification. May
confer with customer on performance problems during operational life of vehicle. May specialize
in analysis of thermodynamic effects and be designated Thermodynamics Engineer (aircraft
mfg.).
002.061-014 AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Designs, develops, and tests aircraft, space vehicles, surface
effect vehicles, missiles, and related component systems, applying engineering principles and
techniques: Designs and develops commercial, military, executive, general aviation, or special
purpose aircraft, space vehicles, satellites, missiles, or related hardware or systems. Tests models,
prototypes, subassemblies, or production vehicles to study and evaluate operational
characteristics and effects of stress imposed during actual or simulated flight conditions. May
specialize in design and development of structural components, such as wings, fuselage, rib
assemblies, landing gear, or operational control systems. May specialize in analytical programs
concerned with ground or flight testing, or development of acoustic, thermodynamic, or
propulsion systems. May assist in planning technical phases of air transportation systems or other
aspects of flight operations, maintenance, or logistics.
002.061-018 AERONAUTICAL TEST ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Conducts testing activities on aerospace and aircraft products,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.061-022 AERONAUTICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Develops basic design concepts used in design, development,
and production of aeronautical and aerospace products and systems, performing duties as
described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.061-026 AERONAUTICAL-RESEARCH ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Conducts research in field of aeronautics, performing duties
as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.061-030 STRESS ANALYST (aircraft mfg.)
Conducts stress analyses on designs of experimental,
prototype, or production aircraft, space vehicles, surface effect vehicles, missiles, and related
components to evaluate ability to withstand stresses imposed during flight or ground operations:
Analyzes ability of structural components to withstand stresses imposed by static, dynamic, or
thermal loads, due to operational or test conditions. Studies preliminary specifications and design
requirements to determine strength and bending characteristics of parts, assemblies, and total
airframe. Consults with design personnel regarding results of analyses and need for additional
analysis, testing, or design modifications. Formulates $T3mathematical model$T1 of stress
problem or devises other methods of computer analysis or simulation to assist in stress analysis.
002.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, AERONAUTICAL PRODUCTS (aircraft mfg.)
Sells aeronautical products and provides customers with
technical engineering services as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title.
002.167-010 VALUE ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: cost development engineer; design specialist, producibility, cost and component technology
Plans and coordinates engineering activities to develop and
apply standardized design criteria and production requirements for parts and equipment used in
aircraft and aerospace vehicles: Establishes and maintains liaison between engineering and other
departments to formulate and apply design criteria and production requirements for proposed
products. Analyzes product design data to determine conformance to established design selection
criteria, use of standardized parts and equipment, and design-to-cost ratio. Approves initial
design or recommends modifications based on producibility, cost, and component technology
factors. Coordinates testing of new parts and equipment, evaluates test results, and approves or
rejects usage of parts and equipment based on test results. Evaluates and approves selection of
vendors. Initiates and provides technical direction for research and development programs to
enhance production methods, improve parts and equipment technology, and reduce costs.
Develops methods and programs to predict, track, and report production costs during design
development.
002.167-014 FIELD-SERVICE ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Plans and coordinates activities concerned with investigating
and resolving customer reports of technical problems with aircraft or aerospace vehicles and
eliminating future operational or service difficulties: Reviews performance reports and
documentation from customers and field representatives, and inspects malfunctioning or
damaged product to determine nature and scope of problem. Analyzes review and inspection
findings to determine source of problem, and recommends repair, replacement, or other
corrective action. Coordinates problem resolution with engineering, customer service, and other
personnel to expedite repairs. Maintains records of performance reports. Analyzes reports of
technical problems to determine trends affecting future design, production, service, and
maintenance processes, and recommends modifications to eliminate future problems. May
prepare service handbooks and bulletins based on field investigations, engineering changes, and
overall knowledge of product. May provide on-site technical assistance to oversee repairs.
002.167-018 AERONAUTICAL PROJECT ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: aerospace project engineer
Directs and coordinates activities of personnel engaged in
designing mechanisms, structures, systems, and equipment for aeronautical or aerospace
products, applying knowledge of engineering theory and technology: Reviews and evaluates
product request from customer, and formulates conceptual design to meet customer
requirements. Analyzes project proposal to determine feasibility, producibility, cost, and
production time, and discusses proposal with customer representatives, engineers, and other
personnel. Assigns project personnel to specific aspects or phases of project, such as analysis,
development, or design. Evaluates product design for conformance to engineering principles,
customer requirements, quality standards, and specifications. Evaluates and approves design
changes and drawing releases. Coordinates design, production, testing, and related activities.
Consults with project personnel and others to provide technical assistance and information.
002.261-010 DRAFTER, AERONAUTICAL (aircraft mfg.)
Drafts engineering drawings of developmental or production
airplanes, missiles, and component and ancillary equipment, including launch mechanisms and
scale models of prototype aircraft, as planned by AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
002.061-014. Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.261-014 RESEARCH MECHANIC (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: laboratory test mechanic
Lays out, fabricates, assembles, and tests mechanical,
electromechanical, structural, hydraulic, and pneumatic aircraft parts, assemblies, and
mechanisms to assist engineers in determining faulty design or fabrication procedures: Lays out,
fabricates, and assembles parts, assemblies, and mechanisms to be tested, according to
blueprints, specifications, sketches, templates, or verbal instructions. Installs test specimens, such
as rib assemblies, struts, landing gears, valves, ducts, fuselage sections, and control surfaces, in
test equipment, and connects wiring, tubing, couplings, and power sources, using handtools and
power tools. Operates test equipment to gather data on performance of parts, assemblies, and
mechanisms under simulated flight and operational conditions. Measures induced variations from
normal, using precision instruments, such as micrometers, verniers, calipers, pressure gauges,
flowmeters, strain gauges, and dynamometers. Records and interprets test data. Confers with
engineering personnel regarding test procedures and test results. Fabricates and assembles test
equipment, tooling, shop aids, or other devices for experimental test projects.
002.262-010 FLIGHT-TEST DATA ACQUISITION TECHNICIAN (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: data acquisition laboratory technician; technical aide, flight test data
Sets up, operates, monitors, modifies, calibrates, and
maintains computer systems and devices for acquisition and analysis of flight test data, utilizing
knowledge of electronic theory and operation of computer systems: Reviews engineering
notification of flight test to determine data required for post-flight analysis. Plans method and
sequence of operations to acquire data, and sets up required electronic data acquisition, test, and
measurement equipment and accessories. Inputs flight test data and program information into
computer console for specific test requested. Enters commands to modify program to
accommodate additional or revised test requirements. Calculates calibration values used as model
for comparison and measurement of test data. Monitors lights, displays, and other operating
features of computer equipment, such as console, receivers, and printers, to detect malfunctions
and ensure integrity of processed data. Diagnoses cause of equipment malfunctioning, and
adjusts, repairs, or replaces faulty components. Enters information to update flight test data base
and to maintain records, such as electronic parts inventory and manuals for equipment
maintenance and calibrations. Discusses flight test requirements and results with engineers and
other personnel.
003 ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of the laws of electrical energy and the principles of engineering for the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. Also includes the design and development of machinery and equipment for production and utilization of electric power. Accessory techniques needed are those used in mechanical and process engineering. Typical specializations are electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution, atomic power generation, electrical and electronic components, equipment, and systems manufacturing, radio and television broadcasting, telephone, telegraph, and electronic computer engineering, and bioengineering.
003.061-010 ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, develops, designs, and tests electrical
components, equipment, and systems, applying principles and techniques of electrical
engineering: Designs electrical equipment, facilities, components, products, and systems for
commercial, industrial, and domestic purposes [DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. &
kin.) Master Title; DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Designs
and directs engineering personnel in fabrication of test control apparatus and equipment, and
determines methods, procedures, and conditions for testing products [TEST ENGINEER
(profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Develops applications of controls, instruments, and systems for
new commercial, domestic, and industrial uses. Directs activities to ensure that manufacturing,
construction, installation, and operational testing conform to functional specifications and
customer requirements. May direct and coordinate operation, maintenance, and repair of
equipment and systems in field installations. May specialize in specific area of discipline, such as
electrical energy generation, transmission, and distribution systems; products, such as appliances,
generators, transformers, control devices, and relays; or area of work, such as manufacturing,
applications, or installation. May use computer-assisted engineering and design software and
equipment to perform engineering tasks.
003.061-014 ELECTRICAL TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on electrical equipment and systems,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-018 ELECTRICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs electrical equipment and products, performing duties
as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.) Master Title; DESIGN
ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-022 ELECTRICAL-PROSPECTING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: electrical engineer, geophysical prospecting
Designs and develops electrical and electronic instruments
and equipment used in petroleum prospecting with the seismograph, magnetometer, or other
instruments which detect and measure various physical properties of the earth's crust.
003.061-026 ELECTRICAL-RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in various fields of electrical phenomena
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-030 ELECTRONICS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, develops, designs, and tests electronic
components, products, and systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, and scientific
applications, applying principles and techniques of electronic engineering: Designs electronic
circuits, components and integrated systems, utilizing ferroelectric, nonlinear, dielectric,
phosphorescent, photo-conductive, and thermoelectric properties of materials [DESIGN
ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Designs test control apparatus and
equipment, determines procedures for testing products [TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title], and directs engineering personnel in fabrication of test control apparatus and
equipment. Develops new applications of conductive properties of metallic and nonmetallic
materials used in components, and in application of components to products or systems. May
direct field operations and maintenance of electronic installations. May evaluate operational
systems and recommend design modifications to eliminate causes of malfunctions or changes in
system requirements. May specialize in development of electronic principles and technology in
fields, such as telecommunications, telemetry, aerospace guidance, missile propulsion control,
counter-measures, acoustics, nucleonic instrumentation, industrial controls and measurements,
high-frequency heating, computers, radiation detection, encephalography, electron optics, and
biomedical research. May use computer-assisted engineering and design software and equipment
to perform engineering tasks.
003.061-034 ELECTRONICS-DESIGN ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and develops electronic components, equipment,
systems, and products, applying knowledge and principles of electronic theory, design, and
engineering. Performs duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. &
kin.) Master Title. May use computer-assisted engineering and design software and equipment to
formulate and test electronic designs.
003.061-038 ELECTRONICS-RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on electronic phenomena, performing
duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-042 ELECTRONICS-TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, develops, and conducts tests on electronic components,
products, and systems, applying knowledge and principles of electronic theory, testing
methodology and procedures, and electronic engineering. Performs duties described under TEST
ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May develop or use computer software and hardware
to conduct tests on electronic products and systems.
003.061-046 ILLUMINATING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and directs installation of illuminating equipment
and systems for buildings, plants, streets, stadia, tunnels, and outdoor displays: Studies lighting
requirements of client to determine lighting equipment and arrangement of lamps that will
provide optimum illumination with economy of installation and operation. Designs lamps of
required light intensity and output, light control reflectors and lenses, and lamp arrangement
required to meet illuminating standards. Plans and prepares drawings for installation of lighting
system in accordance with client's specifications and municipal codes. Directs installation of
system to ensure conformance with engineering specifications and compliance with electrical
codes. May be designated according to type or location of illumination system designed and
installed as Building-Illuminating Engineer (profess. & kin.); Industrial-Illuminating Engineer
(profess. & kin.); Outdoor-Illuminating Engineer (profess. & kin.).
003.061-050 PLANNING ENGINEER, CENTRAL OFFICE FACILITIES (tel. & tel.)
Conducts studies to develop data required for planning central
office switching facilities, and prepares plans and schedules for acquisition and installation of
equipment to meet long term and current relief requirements: Conducts studies to accumulate
information on current services, equipment capacities, current traffic data and estimated
acquisition and installation costs. Analyzes data and forecasts on subscriber demands and
projected traffic to determine type, size, and quantity of switching equipment required. Plans and
schedules equipment acquisition, and installation, considering such factors as availability, current
and future costs, and other economic projections. Reviews implementation schedules on
continuing basis to ensure switching facilities have capacity within objective limits for subscriber
demands. Prepares modifications on implementation schedules for acquisition and installation of
switching equipment due to unforeseen increase or decrease of demands for services.
003.131-010 SUPERVISOR, DRAFTING AND PRINTED CIRCUIT DESIGN (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
drafting and designing layouts of printed circuit boards (PCB's) for use in manufacture of
electronic equipment: Confers with PCB vendors to resolve problems encountered with board
design. Reviews cost quotations for equipment and attends demonstrations to select equipment
for purchase. Requisitions supplies, such as film positives. May design or change design of
layout for PCB's [DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Performs duties as described under
SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title.
003.151-010 SALES-ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Sells electrical products, power, and systems and provides
technical services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title.
003.151-014 SALES-ENGINEER, ELECTRONICS PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS (profess. & kin.)
Sells electronic products and systems and provides technical
services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
003.161-010 ELECTRICAL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: electrical-laboratory technician
Applies electrical theory and related knowledge to test and
modify developmental or operational electrical machinery and electrical control equipment and
circuitry in industrial or commercial plants and laboratories: Assembles and tests experimental
motor-control devices, switch panels, transformers, generator windings, solenoids, and other
electrical equipment and components according to engineering data and knowledge of electrical
principles. Modifies electrical prototypes to correct functional deviations under direction of
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.). Diagnoses cause of electrical or mechanical
malfunction or failure of operational equipment and performs preventative and corrective
maintenance. Develops wiring diagrams, layout drawings, and engineering specifications for
system or equipment modifications or expansion, and directs personnel performing routine
installation and maintenance duties. Plans, directs, and records periodic electrical testing, and
recommends or initiates modification or replacement of equipment which fails to meet
acceptable operating standards.
003.161-014 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Lays out, builds, tests, troubleshoots, repairs and modifies
developmental and production electronic components, parts, equipment, and systems, such as
computer equipment, missile control instrumentation, electron tubes, test equipment, and
machine tool numerical controls, applying principles and theories of electronics, electrical
circuitry, engineering mathematics, electronic and electrical testing, and physics: Discusses
layout and assembly procedures and problems with ELECTRONICS ENGINEER (profess. &
kin.) 003.061-030 and draws sketches to clarify design details and functional criteria of
electronic units. Assembles experimental circuitry (breadboard) or complete prototype model
according to engineering instructions, technical manuals, and knowledge of electronic systems
and components. Recommends changes in circuitry or installation specifications to simplify
assembly and maintenance. Sets up standard test apparatus or devises test equipment and
circuitry to conduct functional, operational, environmental, and life tests to evaluate performance
and reliability of prototype or production model. Analyzes and interprets test data. Adjusts,
calibrates, aligns, and modifies circuitry and components and records effects on unit
performance. Writes technical reports and develops charts, graphs, and schematics to describe
and illustrate system's operating characteristics, malfunctions, deviations from design
specifications, and functional limitations for consideration by engineers in broader
determinations affecting system design and laboratory procedures. May operate bench lathes,
drills, or other machine tools to fabricate parts, such as coils, terminal boards, and chassis. May
check functioning of newly installed equipment in aircraft, ships, and structures to evaluate
system performance under actual operating conditions. May instruct and supervise other
technical personnel. May be designated according to specialization in electronic applications as
Computer-Laboratory Technician (profess. & kin.); Development-Instrumentation Technician
(profess. & kin.); Electronic-Communications Technician (profess. & kin); Electronics
Technician, Nuclear Reactor (profess. & kin); Experimental Electronics Developer (aircraft
mfg.); Systems-Testing-Laboratory Technician (profess. & kin.).
003.161-018 TECHNICIAN, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVELOPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Tests developmental semiconductor devices or sample
production units, and evaluates test equipment to develop data for engineering evaluation of new
designs or special production yield study, applying knowledge of electronic theory and test
equipment operating principles: Designs basic circuitry and prepares rough sketches for design
documentation as directed by engineers, using drafting instruments and computer-assisted
design/drafting equipment. Evaluates, calibrates, and tests new equipment circuits and fixtures,
using testing equipment, such as oscilloscopes, logic and test probes, and calibrators. Builds and
modifies electronic components, using handtools and power tools. Assists engineers in
development of testing techniques and laboratory equipment. Assists with equipment
maintenance. Liaises between test project sites to ensure orderly flow of information and
materials. May supervise other technicians in unit.
003.167-010 CABLE ENGINEER, OUTSIDE PLANT (tel. & tel.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates activities concerned with
laying and repairing submarine telecommunication cables: Devises plans for laying cable lines,
taking into consideration ocean currents and ocean depths. Determines where and how cables
should be laid and decides such matters as where to place buoys, where to cut cable, what
grapnel to use, what length of rope to use for a given depth, what type of cable to use, and what
route to follow. Keeps charts and records to show depth and location of all cables laid. Analyzes
test figures made when cable fault occurs to determine exact location of cable break. Oversees
work of locating and repairing damaged cables.
003.167-014 DISTRIBUTION-FIELD ENGINEER (utilities) alternate titles: line inspector
Plans and outlines changes in power distribution facilities to
overcome unsatisfactory conditions, such as overloaded or underloaded circuits, and to provide
for new or anticipated load increases: Reviews complaints and reports of load requirements for
area under question to determine nature of adjustment to be made. Makes field surveys or studies
maps showing relays, line intersections, overhead and underground connections, feeder lines, and
other component elements of power system area under observation to ascertain where changes
can be made. Makes calculations, following standardized procedures, to determine amount and
type of replacing, switching, or other system revisions necessary to improve service.
Recommends installation of additional facilities if changes within existing system cannot meet
increased load. Makes notes and sketches of proposed changes and refers sketch to DRAFTER,
CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.) for detailed work drawings. May investigate low voltage
complaints by visiting area and determining if excessive load or power leakage causes defect.
003.167-018 ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, POWER SYSTEM (utilities) alternate titles: power engineer
Designs power system facilities and equipment and
coordinates construction, operation, and maintenance of electric power generating, receiving, and
distribution stations, transmission lines, and distribution systems and equipment: Designs and
plans layout of generating plants, transmission and distribution lines, and receiving and
distribution stations. Directs preparation of, or prepares drawings and specific type of equipment
and materials to be used, in construction and equipment installation. Estimates labor, material,
construction, and equipment costs. Inspects completed installations for conformance with design
and equipment specifications and safety standards. Observes operation of installation for
conformance with operational standards. Coordinates operation and maintenance activities to
ensure optimum utilization of power system facilities and meet customer demands for electrical
energy. May compile power rates and direct others in evaluating properties and developing
utilities in new territories. May be designated according to type of engineering functions as
Engineer, Design-And-Construction (utilities); Engineer, Operations-And-Maintenance
(utilities).
003.167-022 ELECTROLYSIS-AND-CORROSION-CONTROL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: corrosion-control specialist; corrosion engineer; electrolysis engineer; electrolysis investigator
Investigates causes and devises means to combat or eliminate
electrolysis of water, gas, and oil mains and pipelines resulting from stray electric currents
flowing in earth: Determines existence and locates sources of stray electric currents creating
electrolytic conditions, using voltmeters, ammeters, and other electrical testing apparatus.
Recommends preventive and corrective measures for protection of pipe and underground
structures, such as use of insulating and corrosion resisting materials. Confers with power
company personnel and power consumers and suggests methods to eliminate sources of power
leakage. Studies destructive properties of soil, corrosive actions, and other problems of
deterioration, and suggests methods of preventing or mitigating trouble. Writes reports of studies
and investigations conducted. May design and direct installation of cathodic protection stations
to minimize and control electrolysis. May design and construct apparatus for use in testing
materials or determining location of stray electric currents.
003.167-026 ENGINEER OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (utilities) alternate titles: development-and-planning engineer; planning engineer; system-planning engineer
Plans and coordinates activities to provide for orderly
development and improve operating efficiency of electric power system: Coordinates scheduling,
conducting, and analysis of special studies, such as commercial and residential developments in
surrounding territory, population estimates, and advantages of and facilities for interconnections
with other power systems. Coordinates collection and analysis of operational data, such as
system-load demands and generating capacity. Evaluates analyses and recommends additional
facilities to meet requirements of new, increased, or future loads, or to improve system.
003.167-030 ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE, STUDIO OPERATIONS (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: chief engineer; chief engineer, broadcasting operations; transmission engineer
Directs and coordinates radio or television station activities
concerned with acquisition, installation, and maintenance, or with modification of studio
broadcasting equipment: Evaluates studio needs for new broadcasting equipment to determine if
acquisition would be justified considering such factors as cost, availability, and improvement
gain in technical performance, and authorizes acquisition according to evaluation. Directs
activities concerned with layout and design of electrical circuitry for acquired equipment to
ensure conformance with codes and safety regulations. Establishes procedures for operation and
maintenance of studio, remote control, and microwave transmission equipment. Inspects, and
directs testing and maintenance of studio, remote, and airborne broadcasting equipment to ensure
operational performance meets company standards and rules and regulations of Federal
Communications Commission. Develops modification plans for existing broadcasting equipment
to improve technical performance. Directs modification and testing of equipment to ensure
operational performance meets specified standards. Prepares repair and maintenance schedules
for studio, remote, and airborne broadcasting equipment to prevent interruption of broadcasts.
Contacts telephone company personnel to ensure leased landlines or microwave facilities are
operative and available for network broadcasting [COMMERCIAL ENGINEER (radio-tv broad.)
003.187-014]. Prepares annual budget for engineering department and controls expenditures
within budget limitations. May direct and coordinate activities of transmitter personnel
[ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE, TRANSMITTER (radio-tv broad.) 003.167-034]. May operate and
maintain transmitter equipment to broadcast radio and television programs [TRANSMITTER
OPERATOR (radio-tv broad.) 193.262-038]. May inspect and direct repair and maintenance of
unmanned stations. Must hold First Class Radiotelephone License issued by FCC.
003.167-034 ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE, TRANSMITTER (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: director of engineering; engineer, chief; transmitter engineer
Directs and coordinates operation and maintenance activities
of radio, television broadcasting, or satellite uplink transmitter station in accordance with rules
and regulations of Federal Communications Commission: Establishes procedures and standards
for operation and maintenance of transmitter equipment. Trains workers to interpret readings and
indicator lights on control console and picture on video monitor, and to determine operating
adjustments required to obtain uniform audio sound level and video picture of specified clarity
and color. Tunes or directs worker to tune transmitter to ensure signal emissions and radiation do
not infringe on frequencies or broadcast area of other stations, and to obtain optimum operational
performance of transmitting equipment. Trains workers in diagnosing causes of transmitter
malfunctions, using test equipment, and in repairing or jury-rigging equipment (making
temporary hookup) to return transmitter to operational status. Establishes procedures for testing
of transmitter equipment, performance of preventative maintenance activities, and operation of
equipment during test of Emergency Broadcast System. Develops, plans, and prepares schematic
drawings designed to modify and improve existing transmitter equipment, and directs and
coordinates equipment modification activities to prevent interruptions in transmitting operations.
Prepares work schedules for TRANSMITTER OPERATORS (radio-tv broad.) 193.262-038.
May remove and repair, or assist workers to remove and repair equipment, using handtools, such
as screwdrivers, wrenches, and pliers. Must hold first class radiotelephone license issued by
Federal Communications Commission.
003.167-038 INDUCTION-COORDINATION POWER ENGINEER (utilities)
Investigates and eliminates inductive interference by power
transmission systems in telephones and radio receivers: Conducts technical investigations
relating to inductive-coordination problems, including joint field investigations with engineers of
communications and railroad companies. Checks proposed parallels between power and
communications circuits and recommends installation of facilities to eliminate or reduce
inductive interference. Consults with transmission and distribution line engineers on design of
lines for prevention or reduction of radio interference. Conducts research in detection and
elimination of the causes of radio noises in transmission systems. Assists municipalities on
problems related to control equipment for alarm systems.
003.167-042 OUTSIDE-PLANT ENGINEER (tel. & tel.)
Plans and prepares drawings for construction of new, and
removal or rearrangement of existing, overhead or underground lines, cables, and conduits to
obtain optimum and economical utilization of communications facilities: Analyzes traffic loads,
available and existing lines, and estimates or forecasts of projected traffic to determine new
construction or rearrangements and removals required. Selects routing of lines and equipment
required for work projects. Prepares detailed construction and installation drawings, estimates
equipment, labor, and material costs. Initiates work authorization request and submits request
with substantiating drawings and documents to management for approval. Orders materials and
equipment required and directs work activities to ensure conformance with engineering
specifications and work authorization.
003.167-046 POWER-DISTRIBUTION ENGINEER (utilities) alternate titles: electric-distribution engineer
Plans construction and coordinates operation of facilities for
transmitting power from distribution points to consumers: Lays out substations and overhead and
underground lines in urban and rural areas. Prepares specifications and estimates costs. Makes
complex electrical computations to determine type and arrangement of circuits and size, type and
number of pieces of equipment, such as transformers, circuit breakers, switches, and lightning
arresters. Computes sag and stress for specifications on wire and cable. Plans layout of pole lines
and underground cable and solves problems, such as determining height, location, spacing,
guying, and insulating of poles. May be designated according to specialization as
Overhead-Distribution Engineer (utilities); Rural-Service Engineer (utilities); Substation
Engineer (utilities); Underground-Distribution Engineer (utilities).
003.167-050 POWER-TRANSMISSION ENGINEER (utilities) alternate titles: electrical-transmission engineer; transmission-and-coordination engineer; transmission-line engineer
Lays out plans and estimates costs for constructing
transmission lines (high-tension facilities for carrying power from source to distributing points):
Visits proposed construction site and selects best and shortest route to avoid interference with
telephone or other lines. Submits data on proposed route to right-of-way department for
obtaining necessary easements. Arranges for aerial, topographical, and other surveys to be made
to obtain pertinent data for planning lines. Devises steel and wood supporting structures for
cables and draws sketch showing their location. Performs detailed engineering calculations to
draw up construction specifications, such as cable sag, pole strength, and necessary grounding.
Estimates labor, material, and construction costs, and draws up specifications for purchase of
materials and equipment. Keeps informed on new developments in electric power transmission.
Assists various departments of power company on problems involving transmission-line
operation and maintenance. Inspects completed installation. Does not usually plan facilities for
distributing power to consumers [POWER-DISTRIBUTION ENGINEER (utilities)].
003.167-054 PROTECTION ENGINEER (utilities)
Plans layout and oversees maintenance of protection
equipment of an electric power distribution system to minimize interruption to service and
danger to lives and equipment from abnormalities, such as overload, no load, and short circuits:
Studies drawings of power system and makes complex calculations to determine type, number,
location, and correlation of protectors, such as relays, circuit breakers, fuses, and grounding
devices. Plans adjustments and additions to protective system necessitated by increased demands
in development of new residential areas and unusual requirements of heavy industry. Coordinates
testing, repair, and installation of equipment. Studies new developments to determine suitability
of their application to protection system. May program and direct computer analyses of system
operating characteristics, such as power flow under normal and short-circuit conditions, system
stability, and voltage and load limitations to obtain data used for such purposes as timing major
system changes and additions, and analyzing interconnecting system problems. May be
designated according to specialization as Grounding Engineer (utilities); Relay Engineer
(utilities).
003.167-058 SUPERVISOR, MICROWAVE (radio-tv broad.)
Plans relocation, installation, repair, and maintenance of
microwave transmitters and receivers for cable-television broadcasting and gives technical
advice and direction to laboratory and field staff regarding microwave transmission and
reception: Plans installation or relocation of microwave transmitters and receivers for improved
cable-television reception, new channels, or on-site live-broadcast transmission, using knowledge
of microwave and electronic theory and electronic measuring and testing instruments. Directs
laboratory and field supervisors and technicians in technical aspects of relocating, installing,
repairing, and maintaining microwave transmitters and receivers. Monitors field and laboratory
technicians to see that F.C.C. regulations regarding microwave equipment are observed. Advises
field and laboratory staff on technical problems of microwave equipment, commercial-FM radios
used in company trucks, and portable radios used by field staff.
003.167-066 TRANSMISSION-AND-PROTECTION ENGINEER (tel. & tel.) alternate titles: transmission engineer
Plans and lays out telephone transmitting facilities from
engineering sketches: Advises and assists operation forces on application of transmission
methods, devices, and standards affecting telephone equipment. Provides engineering services
for protection of telephone service and facilities from noise, cross-talk, electrolysis, lightning,
and other adverse electrical effects. Investigates causes of personal injury resulting from contact
with high voltage communication equipment.
003.167-070 ENGINEERING MANAGER, ELECTRONICS (profess. & kin.)
Directs and coordinates activities of engineering department
to design, manufacture, and test electronic components, products, and systems: Directs
department activities, through subordinates, to design new products, modify existing designs,
improve production techniques, and develop test procedures. Analyzes technology trends, human
resource needs, and market demand to plan projects. Confers with management, production, and
marketing staff to determine engineering feasibility, cost effectiveness, and customer demand for
new and existing products. Forecasts operating costs of department and directs preparation of
budget requests. Directs personnel activities of department, such as recruitment, hiring,
performance evaluations, and salary adjustments. May direct field testing of products and
systems performed by field staff.
003.187-010 CENTRAL-OFFICE EQUIPMENT ENGINEER (tel. & tel.)
Directs implementation of planning schedule for installation
of central office toll or local switching facilities, or interoffice transmission facilities equipment,
such as radio, TV, camera, and repeaters: Reviews planning schedule or equipment request and
data on projected traffic to determine quantities of specific types of equipment required. Plans
arrangement of equipment, prepares cost estimates for equipment and installation, and submits
data to management for authorization approval. Prepares drawings and equipment specifications
for installation. Monitors installation activities to solve any problems concerning arrangement or
specifications. Assigns equipment and installation expenditures to specific program or project
accounts. Closes out installation authorization when equipment has been tested and put in
service.
003.187-014 COMMERCIAL ENGINEER (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: traffic engineer
Plans use of wire facilities connecting stations comprising a
network to cover changing conditions and requirements: Evaluates technical capabilities of wire
facilities, according to availability and range, to obtain most effective method of transmission.
Reviews network program schedule to be linked to network stations, and projects use of wire
facilities. Subdivides wire facilities linking network stations for simultaneous broadcasting of
different programs to stations. Tests facilities prior to broadcast time to determine readiness of
transmission line. May prepare engineering estimates of equipment installations or modification
of existing equipment.
003.187-018 CUSTOMER-EQUIPMENT ENGINEER (tel. & tel.) alternate titles: services engineer
Directs activities concerned with selection and installation of
telephone facilities and special equipment on customer's premises to meet customer's
communication requirements: Reviews sales order to ascertain extent of telephone facilities and
equipment required. Inspects customer premises to ascertain space available for installation of
equipment and to determine type and quantity of designated equipment that can be installed to
provide specific communication facilities. Prepares floor plan of equipment arrangement for
customer or architect approval. Prepares cost estimate for equipment and installation and submits
data to management for authorization to proceed with job. Orders equipment, prepares
installation specifications, and monitors progress of installation to ensure facilities are ready on
specified date. Prepares all job-related paper work and closes out work authorization when
equipment is in service.
003.261-010 INSTRUMENTATION TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Devises, selects, sets up, and operates electronic
instrumentation and related electromechanical or electrohydraulic apparatus used for operational
and environmental testing of mechanical, structural, or electrical equipment, and translates test
data for engineering personnel to formulate engineering design and evaluation decisions: Selects,
installs, calibrates, and checks sensing, telemetering, and recording instrumentation and circuitry,
and develops specifications for nonstandard apparatus according to engineering data,
characteristics of equipment under test, and capabilities of procurable test apparatus. Sketches
and builds or modifies jigs, fixtures, and instruments and related apparatus, and verifies
dimensional and functional acceptability of devices fabricated by craft or technical personnel.
Performs preventive and corrective maintenance of test apparatus and peripheral equipment.
Installs or directs technical personnel in installation of unit in test chamber or other test facility.
Operates test apparatus during test cycle to produce, regulate, and record effects of actual or
simulated conditions, such as vibration, stress, temperature, humidity, pressure, altitude, and
acceleration. Analyzes and converts test data to usable form, using mathematical formulas, and
prepares graphs and written reports to translate test results. May plan test program. May use
computerized equipment and software to perform testing functions and produce graphs. May be
designated according to equipment tested as Rocket-Control Technician (profess. & kin.); or
according to nature of test as Environmental-Research Test Technician (profess. & kin.);
Vibration Technician (profess. & kin.).
003.261-014 CONTROLS DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: controls project engineer
Designs and drafts systems of electrical, hydraulic, and
pneumatic controls for machines and equipment, such as arc welders, robots, conveyors, and
$T3programmable controllers,$T1 applying knowledge of electricity, electronics, hydraulics, and
pneumatics: Discusses project with SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title and
APPLICATIONS ENGINEER, MANUFACTURING (profess. & kin.) 007.061-038 to review
functions of machines and equipment. Designs and drafts arrangement of linkage of conductors,
relays, and other components of electrical, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic, and lubrication
devices, using drafting tools, and applying knowledge of electrical engineering and drafting
[DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Diagrams logic system for functions such as
sequence and timing control. Designs and drafts diagrams of cable connection for robots, robot
end-of-arm tool, $T3robot controller,$T1 and other machines. Illustrates and describes
installation and maintenance details, such as where bearings should be lubricated, types of
lubrication, and which parts are lubricated automatically and manually. Confers with
ASSEMBLER AND WIRER, INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT (elec. equip.; machinery mfg.)
826.361-010 to resolve problems regarding building of controls systems. Reviews schematics
with customer's representatives to answer questions during installation of robot systems.
Observes gauges during trial run of programmed machine and equipment operation to verify that
electrical signals in system conform to specifications. May design controls for energy conversion
or other industrial plant monitoring systems. May use computer and software programs to
produce design drawings and be designated Controls Designer, Computer-Assisted (profess. &
kin.).
003.261-018 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LAYOUT DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: mask designer
Designs layout for integrated circuits (IC), according to
engineering specifications, using computer-assisted design (CAD) equipment and software, and
utilizing knowledge of electronics, drafting, and IC design rules (standard IC manufacturing
process requirements): Reviews and analyzes engineering design schematics and supporting
documents, such as logic diagrams and design rules to plan layout of IC. Confers with
engineering staff to resolve design details or problems. Enters engineering specifications into
computer memory of CAD equipment and composes configurations on equipment display screen
of IC logic elements (basic components of integrated circuit, such as resistors and transistors) for
all IC layers, using keyboard, digitizing work aids (light pen or digitizing tablet), and engineering
design schematics, and applying knowledge of design rules, programmed CAD functions, and
electronics. Compares logic element configuration on equipment display screen with engineering
schematics and redesigns or modifies logic elements, as needed, using digitizing work aids (light
pen or digitizing tablet), keyboard, and programmed CAD functions. Lays out, redesigns, and
modifies arrangement and interconnections of logic elements for each layer of integrated circuit,
using digitizing work aids (light pen or digitizing tablet), keyboard and programmed CAD
functions listed on display screen. Keys in specified commands, using CAD equipment
keyboard, to test final IC layout for errors in design rules, using design rule software package.
May generate copy of logic element design, using plotter to verify that logic element design copy
meets design requirements and for use in laying out IC layer design for Very Large Scale (VLS)
integrated circuits. May generate tape of final layout design for use in producing photo masks for
each layer of IC, using CAD equipment. May program CAD equipment to change CAD
functions listed on display screen, using keyboard. May be designated according to complexity
of IC designed as IC Designer, Custom (profess. & kin.); IC Designer, Gate Arrays (profess. &
kin.); IC Designer, Standard Cells (profess. & kin.).
003.261-022 PRINTED CIRCUIT DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and drafts layout for printed circuit boards (PCB's)
according to engineering specifications, utilizing knowledge of electronics, drafting, and PCB
design: Reviews and analyzes engineering design schematics and supporting documents to plan
layout of PCB components and printed circuitry. Confers with engineering staff to resolve design
details and problems. Drafts detailed drawings [DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title] and
composes master layout of design components and circuitry. Examines and verifies master layout
for electrical and mechanical accuracy. May verify accuracy of film reproductions of master
layout. May prepare copies of drawings for use in PCB fabrication, using blueprint or diazo print
machine. May generate computer tape for use in photo plotting design onto film, using digitizing
equipment.
003.281-010 DRAFTER, ELECTRICAL (profess. & kin.)
Drafts electrical equipment working drawings and wiring
diagrams used by construction crews and repairers who erect, install, and repair electrical
equipment and wiring in communications centers, power plants, industrial establishments,
commercial or domestic buildings, or electrical distribution systems, performing duties as
described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May use computer-assisted drafting
(CAD) equipment and software and be designated Drafter (CAD), Electrical (profess. & kin.).
May prepare detail cable layout and diagrams for cable installation and be designated
Electric-Cable Diagrammer (elec. equip.).
003.281-014 DRAFTER, ELECTRONIC (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: drafter, electromechanical
Drafts detailed drawings, such as wiring diagrams, layout
drawings, mechanical detail drawings, and drawings of intermediate and final assemblies, used in
manufacture, assembly, installation, and repair of electronic components, printed circuit boards,
and equipment. Examines electronic schematics and supporting documents received from design
engineering department to develop, compute, and verify specifications drafting data, such as
configuration of parts, dimensions, and tolerances. Performs duties as described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May use computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment
and software and be designated Drafter (CAD), Electronic (profess. & kin.).
003.362-010 DESIGN TECHNICIAN, COMPUTER-AIDED (electron. comp.) alternate titles: digitizer
Operates computer-aided design (CAD) system and
peripheral equipment to resize or modify integrated circuit designs (artwork) and to generate
computer tape of artwork for use in producing mask plates used in manufacturing integrated
circuits: Reviews work order and procedural manuals to determine critical dimensions of design.
Calculates figures to convert design dimensions to resizing dimensions specified for subsequent
production processes, using conversion chart and calculator. Locates file relating to specified
design projection data base library and loads program into computer. Enters specified commands
into computer, using keyboard, to retrieve design information from file and display design on
CAD equipment display screen. Types commands on keyboard to enter resizing specifications
into computer. Confers with engineering and design staff to determine design modifications and
enters editing information into computer. Keys in specified information, using keyboard
connected to on-line or off-line peripheral equipment (plotter), to produce graphic representation
(hard copy) of design for review and approval by engineering and design staff. Enters specified
information into computer, using keyboard, to generate computer tape of approved design.
005 CIVIL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the planning, design, and construction of structures and facilities, such as buildings, bridges, roads, harbors, airfields, dams, tunnels, and water supply and sewage systems. Also included are occupations concerned with the engineering aspects of environmental health systems and urban planning or renewal. Frequently requires a knowledge of industrial trends, population growth, zoning laws, and state and local building codes and ordinances. Accessory techniques needed are those used in agricultural, ceramic, chemical, electrical, geological, mechanical, metallurgical, and mining engineering. Typical specializations are structures, hydraulics, transportation systems, sanitation, water utility systems, airports, city planning, environmental protection, construction, engineering mechanics, irrigation and drainage, power, soil mechanics and foundations, pipeline engineering, and waterways and harbors.
005.061-010 AIRPORT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and lays out airports and landing fields and directs
construction work involved in leveling fields, laying out and surfacing runways, and providing
drainage: Designs runways based on weight and size of aircraft and prepares material and
construction specifications. Directs or participates in surveying to lay out installations and
establish reference points, grades, and elevations to guide construction. Estimates costs to
provide basis for payments to contractor. Observes progress of construction to ensure work is in
conformity with specifications and advises SUPERINTENDENT, CONSTRUCTION
(construction) regarding necessary corrections. May serve as agent or employee of contractor and
study plans and specifications to recommend special equipment or procedures to reduce time and
cost of construction. May schedule delivery of materials, analyze costs, and provide technical
advice in solution of construction problems.
005.061-014 CIVIL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and directs civil engineering projects, such as
roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation systems, pipelines, and
powerplants: Analyzes reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, tests, and aerial photographs on soil
composition, terrain, hydrological characteristics, and other topographical and geologic data to
plan and design project. Calculates cost and determines feasibility of project based on analysis of
collected data, applying knowledge and techniques of engineering, and advanced mathematics.
Prepares or directs preparation and modification of reports, specifications, plans, construction
schedules, environmental impact studies, and designs for project. Inspects construction site to
monitor progress and ensure conformance to engineering plans, specifications, and construction
and safety standards. May direct construction and maintenance activities at project site. May use
computer-assisted engineering and design software and equipment to prepare engineering and
design documents. May be designated according to specialty or product.
005.061-018 HYDRAULIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: hydrologic engineer
Designs and directs construction of power and other hydraulic
engineering projects for control and use of water: Computes and estimates rates of waterflow.
Specifies type and size of equipment, such as conduits, pumps, turbines, pressure valves, and
surge tanks, used in transporting water and converting water power into electricity. Directs,
through subordinate supervisors, activities of workers engaged in dredging, digging cutoffs,
placing jetties, and constructing levees to stabilize streams or open water ways. Designs and
coordinates construction of artificial canals, conduits, and mains to transport and distribute water;
and plans reservoirs, pressure valves, and booster stations to obtain proper water pressure at all
levels. Frequently builds laboratory models to study construction and flow problems.
005.061-022 IRRIGATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and oversees construction of irrigation
projects for transporting and distributing water to agricultural lands: Plans and designs irrigation
fixtures and installation of fixtures to requirements and specifications. Directs, through
subordinate supervisors, construction of such irrigation systems as dams, canals, and ditches,
according to type of soil, climatic characteristics, water supply, return flow, and other factors
affecting irrigation requirements. Conducts research on problems of soil drainage and
conservation, applying knowledge of civil engineering [RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. &
kin.)].
005.061-026 RAILROAD ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs railroad and street railway tracks, terminals, yards,
and other facilities and directs and coordinates construction and relocation of facilities: Plans
roadbed, rail size, and curves to meet train speed and load requirements. Directs, through
subordinate supervisors, construction of bridges, culverts, buildings, and other structures. Directs
track and roadway maintenance. Surveys traffic problems related to street railway system and
recommends grade revisions, additional trackage, use of heavier power, and other changes to
relieve congestion and reduce hazards.
005.061-030 SANITARY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: public-health engineer
Designs and directs construction and operation of hygienic
projects such as waterworks, sewage, garbage and trash disposal plants, drainage systems, and
insect and rodent control projects: Plans development of watersheds and directs building of
aqueducts, filtration plants, and storage and distribution systems for water supply. Directs swamp
drainage, insect spraying, and design of insect-proof buildings. Plans and directs workers in
building and operation of sewage-disposal plants. Designs and controls operation of incinerators,
sanitary fills, and garbage-reduction plants to dispose of garbage and other refuse. Advises
industrial plants in disposal of obnoxious gases, oils, greases, and other chemicals. Inspects and
regulates sanitary condition of public places, such as markets, parks, and camps. May plan and
direct operation of water treatment plant to soften and purify water for human consumption or
industrial use and be known as Water-Treatment-Plant Engineer (profess. & kin.).
005.061-034 STRUCTURAL ENGINEER (construction)
Directs or participates in planning, designing, or reviewing
plans for erection of structures requiring stress analysis: Designs structure to meet estimated load
requirements, computing size, shape, strength, and type of structural members, or performs
structural analysis of plans and structures prepared by private engineers. May inspect existing
projects and recommend repair and replacement of defective members or rebuilding of entire
structure.
005.061-038 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops plans for surface transportation projects according
to established engineering standards and state or federal construction policy: Prepares plans,
estimates, and specifications to design transportation facilities. Plans alterations and
modifications of existing streets, highways, and freeways to improve traffic flow. Prepares deeds,
property descriptions, and right-of-way maps. Performs field engineering calculations to
compensate for change orders and contract estimates. May prepare and present public reports of
environmental analysis statements and other transportation information. May specialize in
particular phase of work, such as making surveys, improving signs or lighting, preparing plans,
or directing and coordinating construction or maintenance activities. May be designated Highway
Engineer (government ser.). May specialize in studying vehicular and pedestrian traffic
conditions and be designated Traffic Engineer (government ser.). May plan, organize, and direct
work in transportation studies to plan surface systems and be designated Transportation Planning
Engineer (government ser.).
005.061-042 WASTE-MANAGEMENT ENGINEER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (profess. & kin.)
Designs, implements, and tests systems and procedures to
reduce volume and dispose of nuclear waste materials and contaminated objects: Identifies
objects contaminated by exposure to radiation, such as trash, workers' clothing, and discarded
tools and equipment. Analyzes samples of sludge and liquid effluents resulting from operation of
nuclear reactors to determine level of radioactivity in substances and potential for retention of
radioactivity, using radioactivity counters and chemical and electronic analyzers. Refers to state
and federal regulations and technical manuals to determine disposal method recommended for
prevention of leakage or absorption of radioactive waste. Compares costs of transporting waste to
designated nuclear waste disposal sites and reducing volume of waste and storing waste on plant
site. Confers with equipment manufacturers' representatives and plant technical and management
personnel to discuss alternatives and to choose most suitable plan on basis of safety, efficiency,
and cost-effectiveness. Designs and draws plans for systems to reduce volume of waste by
solidification, compaction, or incineration. Oversees construction, testing, and implementation of
waste disposal systems, and resolves operational problems. Develops plans for modification of
operating procedures to reduce volume and radioactive level of effluents, and writes manuals to
instruct workers in changes in work procedures. Advises management on selection of lands
suitable for use as nuclear waste disposal sites and on establishment of effective safety,
operating, and closure procedures.
005.167-010 CHIEF ENGINEER, WATERWORKS (waterworks)
Plans and directs activities concerned with water utility
systems installation, operation, maintenance, and service: Directs activities of engineers engaged
in preparing designs and plans to construct, enlarge, and modify such facilities as water treatment
plants, watersheds, and dams, hydroelectric stations, pumping stations, and to install water
mains, and other appurtenances. Provides engineering and technical direction for planning and
design of water utility projects. Reviews plans and specifications prior to instituting project to
determine whether they meet organizational requirements. Analyzes and compiles data received
from engineers to prepare budget estimates. Directs and coordinates engineers in conducting
studies, such as economics of systems operation, water distribution, and water treatment plants or
relative equipment performance to determine most feasible approach to meeting organizational
and technical problems. Confers with municipal authorities concerning budget requirements,
changes in organizational policy, regulation of water rates, and plumbing requirements, or other
problems affecting community.
005.167-014 DRAINAGE-DESIGN COORDINATOR (waterworks)
Plans, designs, and coordinates construction of drainage
systems in irrigation district, based on knowledge of soils, slope of land, and availability and
economic use of existing drainage canals: Requests engineering surveys and soil tests to
determine surface profile, types of soil, and characteristics such as salinity, water table, and areas
of subnormal crop growth. Studies data and sketches scale drawing of tile and open ditch drains
for area, using triangles, scales, dividers, and other drawing instruments. Indicates depth,
spacing, and size of tiling for crop area leading to district drainage canals. Considers drainage
cost to improve fertility, at least cost to farmer and district. Recommends deepening of drainage
canals when field elevation prevents gravity flow, or provides for installation of sumps and
electric pumps to drain low areas. Arranges for sale to farmers of district approved drainage
materials, such as concrete wells and pipes. Determines need for securing easements and
right-of-way deeds for district drainage structures. Inspects completed systems to determine that
installation conforms to plan.
005.167-018 FOREST ENGINEER (forestry; logging)
Lays out and directs construction, installation, and use of
structures, equipment, and road or rail systems, and performs other engineering duties concerned
with removal of logs from timber area: Surveys timber land and draws maps to show
topographical features of area. Determines locations of loading points and storage areas and
selects methods and equipment for handling logs. Lays out and directs construction of roads or
rail network used to transport logs from cutting areas to loading sites and storage areas. Plans and
directs construction of campsites, loading docks, bridges and culverts, equipment shelters, and
water and sewage systems to maintain efficient and safe removal of logs from constantly shifting
cutting areas.
005.167-022 HIGHWAY-ADMINISTRATIVE ENGINEER (government ser.) alternate titles: director, traffic and planning
Administers statewide highway planning, design,
construction, and maintenance programs: Coordinates activities of state highway engineering
agencies. Reviews highway and bridge plans, location, contracts, and cost estimates for technical
and legal accuracy, and approves acceptable proposals or makes corrective recommendations.
Directs workers in research activities related to highway planning and engineering, and
formulates highway engineering policies and procedures. Directs preparation of state agency
budgets. Directs workers in preparation of reports to state and federal government officials and
represents state highway commissioner at hearings with public officials, contractors, and
engineering personnel. Speaks before civic groups and public gatherings to disseminate highway
planning information and to solicit public support.
005.167-026 PRODUCTION ENGINEER, TRACK (r.r. trans.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates, through supervisory
personnel, activities of track maintenance crews of railway system: Analyzes engineering data
and inspects repair site to determine priority of proposed track repair and maintenance projects.
Coordinates scheduling of track maintenance and activities within designated region. Determines
frequency of track use and project costs, utilizing computerized data and knowledge of railroad
operations and maintenance expense to formulate recommendations for revising established
project priorities. Reviews production reports and confers with engineering personnel to identify
causes of low productivity of repair crews. Visits work sites to observe work crews and to
inspect repairs. Directs engineering supervisors to correct substandard repairs.
005.261-014 CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Assists CIVIL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) 005.061-014 in
application of principles, methods, and techniques of civil engineering technology: Reviews
project specifications and confers with CIVIL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) concerning
assistance required, such as plan preparation, acceptance testing, evaluation of field conditions,
design changes, and reports. Conducts materials testing and analysis, using tools and equipment
and applying engineering knowledge necessary to conduct tests. Prepares reports detailing tests
conducted and results. Surveys project sites to obtain and analyze topographical details of sites,
using maps and surveying equipment. Drafts detailed dimensional drawings, such as those
needed for highway plans, structural steel fabrication, and water control projects, performing
duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. Calculates dimensions,
profile specifications, and quantities of materials such as steel, concrete, and asphalt, using
calculator. Inspects construction site to determine conformance of site to design specifications.
May assist engineers to ensure that construction and repair of water and wastewater treatment
systems meet pollution control requirements.
005.281-010 DRAFTER, CIVIL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: drafter, civil engineering; drafter, construction; drafter, engineering
Drafts detailed construction drawings, topographical profiles,
and related maps and specifications used in planning and construction of civil engineering
projects, such as highways, river and harbor improvements, flood control, and drainage: Reviews
rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data received from CIVIL
ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) 005.061-014. Plots maps and charts showing profiles and
cross-sections, indicating relation of topographical contours and elevations to buildings, retaining
walls, tunnels, overhead power lines, and other structures. Drafts detailed drawings of structures
and installations, such as roads, culverts, fresh water supply, sewage disposal systems, dikes,
wharfs, and breakwaters. Computes volume of tonnage of excavations and fills and prepares
graphs and hauling diagrams used in earthmoving operations. Performs other duties as described
under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May accompany survey crew in field to locate
grading markers or to collect data required for revision of construction drawings. May specialize
in drafting and modifying topographical maps from surveying notes and aerial photographs and
be designated Drafter, Topographical (profess. & kin.). May use computer-assisted drafting
(CAD) equipment and software and be designated Drafter, Civil (CAD) (profess. & kin.).
005.281-014 DRAFTER, STRUCTURAL (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title
by drawing plans and details for structures employing structural reinforcing steel, concrete,
masonry, wood, and other structural materials. Produces plans and details of foundations,
building frame, floor and roof framing, and other structural elements.
006 CERAMIC ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design, manufacture, and application of products made from nonmetallic minerals and rocks; and the design, construction, and control of necessary equipment and tools for the manufacture of such products. Accessory techniques include those used in chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering, and physics and mineralogy. Typical specializations are structural materials, abrasives, cements, glass, whiteware, and refractories. Occupations which are involved in only one phase of engineering, such as research, design, testing, sales, or project control, are found in Group 019.
006.061-010 CERAMIC DESIGN ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs ceramics manufacturing equipment and products,
performing duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.)
Master Title; DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.061-014 CERAMIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research, designs machinery, develops processing
techniques, and directs technical work concerned with manufacture of ceramic products: Directs
testing of physical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties of materials, such as clays and silicas.
Analyzes results of test to determine combinations of materials which will improve quality of
products. Conducts research into methods of processing, forming, and firing of clays to develop
new ceramic products, such as ceramic machine tools, refractories for space vehicles, and for use
in glass and steel furnaces. Designs equipment and apparatus for forming, firing, and handling
products. Coordinates testing activities of finished products for characteristics, such as texture,
color, durability, glazing, and refractory properties. May specialize in one branch of ceramic
production, such as brick, glass, crockery, tile, pipe, or refractories. May specialize in developing
heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials for use in aerospace, electronics, and nuclear
energy fields.
006.061-018 CERAMIC RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to develop new ceramic products
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.061-022 CERAMICS TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on ceramic products performing duties as
described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, CERAMIC PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Sells ceramic products and provides technical services for
client performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.261-010 SCIENTIFIC GLASS BLOWER (glass products) alternate titles: glass technician; glass technologist
Fabricates, modifies, and repairs experimental and laboratory
glass products, using variety of machines and tools, and provides technical advice to scientific
and engineering staff on function, properties, and proposed design of products, applying
knowledge of glass technology: Confers with scientific or engineering personnel to exchange
information and suggest design modifications regarding proposed glass apparatus, such as
distillation and high-vacuum systems. Cuts glass tubing of specified type, using cutting tools,
such as glass saw and hot-wire cutter. Heats glass tubing until pliable, using gas torch, and
blows, bends, and shapes tubing to specified form, using blowhose, handtools, and manual
pressure. Performs finishing operations to fabricate glass product or section, using machines and
equipment, such as $T3lapping$T1 and polishing wheels, spot-welding and sandblasting
machines, internal-plating equipment, and drill press. Measures products to verify dimensions,
using $T3optical scanner,$T1 micrometers, and calipers, and examines glass coloration for
degree of internal stress, using polariscope, to determine annealing requirements. Anneals
products, using annealing oven. Joins and seals subassemblies to assemble finished product,
using gas torch, handtools, and vacuum pump. May operate special equipment, such as
radio-frequency-fusing machine, to bond glass to metal, quartz, and ceramic materials. May
identify glass of unknown composition by heating with gas torch and evaluating curvature,
bondability, and color characteristics. May direct and train GLASS BLOWERS,
LABORATORY APPARATUS (glass products; inst. & app.). May design fixtures for use in
production of prototype glass products and prepare sketches for machine-shop personnel. May
prepare cost estimates for prototype glass products. May requisition or recommend purchase of
materials, tools, and equipment. May specialize in specific types of glass scientific apparatus and
have knowledge of effects of special environments on glass, such as radioactivity, vacuums,
gases, chemicals, and electricity.
007 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with application of principles of physics and engineering for the generation, transmission, and utilization of heat and mechanical power; and the design, production, installation, and maintenance of fabricated products, tools, machines, machinery, and associated or auxiliary systems. Accessory techniques needed may be those used in electrical, metallurgical, nuclear, and civil engineering. Typical specializations are steam and mechanical power generation, transmission, and utilization; hydraulics; instrumentation; controls; automotive engineering; tooling; heating and ventilating; air-conditioning and refrigeration; bioengineering; pollution control; systems engineering; research; design; testing; sales; and project control.
007.061-010 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEER (auto. mfg.)
Develops improved or new designs for automotive structural
members, engines, transmissions, and associated automotive equipment or modifies existing
equipment on production vehicles, and directs building, modification, and testing of vehicle,
using computerized work aids: Conducts experiments and tests on existing designs and
equipment to obtain data on function of and performance of equipment. Analyzes data to develop
new designs for motors, chassis, and other related mechanical, hydraulic, and electromechanical
components and systems in automotive equipment. Designs components and systems to provide
maximum customer value and vehicle function, including improved economy and safety of
operation, control of emissions, and operational performance, at optimum costs. Directs and
coordinates building, or modification of, automotive equipment or vehicle to ensure conformance
with engineering design. Directs testing activities on components and equipment under
designated conditions to ensure operational performance meets design specifications. Alters or
modifies design to obtain specified functional and operational performance. May assist
DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN (auto. mfg.) 017.261-042 in developing structural design
for auto body. May conduct research studies to develop new concepts in automotive engineering
field.
007.061-014 MECHANICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, plans, and designs mechanical and
electromechanical products and systems, and directs and coordinates activities involved in
fabrication, operation, application, installation, and repair of mechanical or electromechanical
products and systems: Researches and analyzes data, such as customer design proposal,
specifications, and manuals to determine feasibility of design or application. Designs products or
systems, such as instruments, controls, robots, engines, machines, and mechanical, thermal,
hydraulic, or heat transfer systems, applying knowledge of engineering principles [DESIGN
ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Plans and directs engineering
personnel in fabrication of test control apparatus and equipment, and development of methods
and procedures for testing products or systems [TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title]. Directs and coordinates fabrication and installation activities to ensure products and
systems conform to engineering design and customer specifications. Coordinates operation,
maintenance, and repair activities to obtain optimum utilization of machines and equipment. May
design products and systems to interface machines, hardware, and software. May evaluate field
installations and recommend design modifications to eliminate machine or system malfunctions.
May specialize in specific field of mechanical engineering, such as heat transfer, hydraulics,
electromechanics, controls and instrumentation, robotics, nuclear systems, tooling,
air-conditioning and refrigeration; or in type of product, such as propulsion systems or machinery
and mechanical equipment; or in type of work, such as steam or gas generation and distribution,
steam plant engineering, or system planning.
007.061-018 MECHANICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.)
Designs and directs installation of plant systems or product
lines performing duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
007.061-022 MECHANICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Designs mechanical or electromechanical products or systems
performing duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
007.061-026 TOOL DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Designs single- or multiple-edged machine cutting tools, such
as broaches, milling-machine cutters, and drills, and related jigs, dies, and fixtures: Studies
specifications, engineering blueprints, tool orders, and shop data and confers with engineering
and shop personnel to resolve design problems related to material characteristics, dimensional
tolerances, service requirements, manufacturing procedures, and cost. Applies algebraic and
geometric formulas and standard tool engineering data to develop tool configuration. Selects
standard items, such as bushings and tool bits, to incorporate into tool design. Draws preliminary
sketches and prepares layout and detail drawings, using standard drafting tools and equipment or
computer-assisted design/drafting equipment and software. Modifies tool designs according to
trial or production service data to improve tool life or performance.
007.061-030 TOOL-DESIGNER APPRENTICE (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties as described under APPRENTICE (any
industry) Master Title.
007.061-034 UTILIZATION ENGINEER (utilities)
Solves engineering problems concerned with industrial
utilization of gas as source of power: Studies industrial processes to determine where and how
application of gas fuel-consuming equipment can be made. Designs equipment to meet process
requirements. Examines gas-powered equipment after installation to ensure proper functioning.
Investigates equipment failures and difficulties and diagnoses faulty operation. Corrects or makes
recommendations to maintenance crew to correct faults. Conducts safety, breakdown, and other
engineering tests on gas fuel-consuming equipment to ascertain efficiency and safety of design
and construction. May solve problems concerned with other gas-consuming equipment, such as
air-conditioning and heating.
007.061-038 APPLICATIONS ENGINEER, MANUFACTURING (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and coordinates integration of machinery and
equipment into manufacturing process of industrial establishment, applying knowledge of
engineering and programming, and using computer, precision-measuring instruments, and
drafting tools: Develops and writes equipment specifications, performance requirements, cost
analysis, and proposal for integrating machinery and equipment, such as robots, $T3robot
controllers,$T1 and $T3programmable controllers$T1 into manufacturing process, applying
knowledge of mechanics, hydraulics, pneumatics, electrical wiring, electronics, programming,
and manufacturing requirements, and using computer and calculator. Selects or designs robot
end-of-arm tools to meet specifications, using robot manuals and either drafting tools or
computer and software programs. Writes operating programs, using existing computer program,
or writes own computer programs, applying knowledge of programming language and computer.
Oversees installation to ensure machines and equipment are installed and functioning according
to specifications. Tests ability of machines, such as robot, to perform tasks, using $T3teach
pendant$T1 and precision measuring instruments and following specifications. Confers with
establishment personnel to implement operating procedures and resolve system malfunctions.
Determines parts supply, maintenance tasks, safety procedures, and service schedule required to
maintain machines and equipment in prescribed condition. Develops models of alternate
processing methods to test feasibility of new applications of system components, and
recommends implementation of improved procedures. Participates in meetings, seminars, and
training sessions to stay apprised of new developments in field. Confers with workers in other
departments, such as marketing, legal, and engineering, to provide technical information. May
develop and conduct robot and related equipment training programs and demonstrate skills to
trainees, using teach pendant, handtools, precision-measuring instruments, and following
schematics, plant drawings, and manufacturer's specifications.
007.061-042 STRESS ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts stress analyses on engineering designs for
electronic components, systems, and products, using mathematical formulas and computer-aided
engineering (CAE) systems: Analyzes engineering designs, schematics, and customer
specifications to determine stress requirements on product. Formulates $T3mathematical
model$T1 or three-dimensional computer graphic model of product, using calculator or CAE
system. Analyzes ability of product to withstand stress imposed by conditions such as
temperature, loads, motion, and vibration, using mathematical formulas and computer
simulation. Builds product model of wood or other material, performs physical stress tests on
model, and evaluates test results. Consults with ELECTRONICS-DESIGN ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) 003.061-034 to recommend design modifications of product based on results of stress
analysis. Prepares stress analysis reports.
007.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (utilities)
Sells mechanical equipment and provides technical-services
to clients as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.161-010 DIE DESIGNER (machine shop) alternate titles: design leader; die design drafter; die developer
Develops plans for single stage or progressive stage dies for
stamping, forming, forging, or extrusion presses, according to blueprints of product and
knowledge of press characteristics and process limitations: Drafts drawings of dies necessary to
form complete forging, stamping, or other part. Determines sequence and number of die stages in
which single or progressive cutting, punching, and forming will be accomplished, and type of die
sets required to produce complete part, based on knowledge of dies, forming processes, and
machines. Drafts scale drawings of each die set, delineating contours and dimensions for
manufacture of die. Compares part drawings with wood patterns of cast dies to determine
correctness of pattern dimensions and form. May observe setup and tryout of newly developed
die set in production machine to determine need for redesign or readiness for production use.
007.161-014 DIE-DESIGNER APPRENTICE (machine shop)
Performs duties as described under APPRENTICE (any
industry) Master Title.
007.161-018 ENGINEERING ASSISTANT, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: mechanical design technician
Develops detailed design drawings and related specifications
of mechanical equipment, according to engineering sketches and design proposal specifications:
Analyzes engineering sketches, specifications, and related data and drawings to determine design
factors, such as size, shape, and arrangement of parts. Sketches rough layout of machine and
computes angles, weights, surface areas, dimensions, radii, clearances, tolerances, leverages, and
location of holes. Computes magnitude, direction, and point of application of tension,
compression, and bending forces, and develops geometric shape of machine parts to
accommodate operating loads. Drafts detailed multiview drawings of machine and
subassemblies, including specifications for gear ratios, bearing loads, and direction of moving
parts, using engineering data and standard references. Compiles and analyzes test data to
determine effect of machine design on various factors, such as temperature, pressures, speed,
horsepower, and fuel consumption. Modifies machine design to correct operating deficiencies or
to reduce production problems. May measure machine and parts during production to ensure
compliance with design specifications, using precision measuring instruments. May specialize in
specific type of machine, such as air-cooled internal combustion engines, diesel engines, or
machine tools. May use computer-assisted design/drafting equipment and software to develop
designs.
007.161-022 MECHANICAL RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to develop mechanical equipment and
machinery, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
007.161-026 MECHANICAL-ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: engineering technician; experimental technician; laboratory-development technician; mechanical technician
Develops and tests machinery and equipment, applying
knowledge of mechanical engineering technology, under direction of engineering and scientific
staff: Reviews project instructions and blueprints to ascertain test specifications, procedures,
objectives, test equipment, nature of technical problem, and possible solutions, such as part
redesign, substitution of material or parts, or rearrangement of parts or subassemblies. Drafts
detail drawing or sketch for drafting room completion or to request parts fabrication by machine,
sheet metal or wood shops. Devises, fabricates, and assembles new or modified mechanical
components or assemblies for products, such as industrial equipment and machinery, power
equipment, servosystems, machine tools, and measuring instruments. Sets up and conducts tests
of complete units and components under operational conditions to investigate design proposals
for improving equipment performance or other factors, or to obtain data for development,
standardization, and quality control. Analyzes indicated and calculated test results in relation to
design or rated specifications and test objectives, and modifies or adjusts equipment to meet
specifications. Records test procedures and results, numerical and graphical data, and
recommendations for changes in product or test method.
007.161-030 OPTOMECHANICAL TECHNICIAN (optical goods; photo. appar.)
Applies engineering theory and practical knowledge, under
direction of engineering staff, to build and test prototype optomechanical devices to be used in
such equipment as aerial cameras, gun sights, and telescopes: Reviews project instructions, and
preliminary specifications to identify and plan requirements for parts fabrication, purchase,
assembly, and test. Prepares sketches and writes work orders and purchase requests for items to
be furnished by others, and follows up delivery. Designs, builds, or modifies fixtures used to
assemble parts. Lays out cutting lines for machining, using drafting tools. Assembles and adjusts
parts and related electrical units of prototype to prepare for test. Sets up prototype and test
apparatus, such as control console, collimator, recording equipment, and cables in accordance
with specifications. Operates controls of test apparatus and prototype to observe and record test
results. Computes test data on laboratory forms for engineers. Confers in technical meetings,
recommending design and material changes to reduce cost and lead time. May be assigned as
group leader to coordinate work of technicians, model makers, and others assigned to assist.
007.161-034 TEST ENGINEER, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on mechanical equipment performing duties as
described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.161-038 SOLAR-ENERGY-SYSTEMS DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Designs solar domestic hot water and space heating systems
for new and existing structures, applying knowledge of energy requirements of structure, local
climatological conditions, solar technology, and thermodynamics: Estimates energy requirements
of new or existing structures, based on analysis of utility bills of structure, calculations of
thermal efficiency of structure, and prevailing climatological conditions. Determines type of
solar system, such as water, glycol, or silicone, which functions most efficiently under prevailing
climatological conditions. Calculates on-site heat generating capacity of different solar panels to
determine optimum size and type of panels which meet structure's energy requirements. Arranges
location of solar system components, such as panel, pumps, and storage tanks, to minimize
length and number of direction changes in pipes and reconstruction of existing structures. Studies
engineering tables to determine size of pipes and pumps required to maintain specified flow rate
through solar panels. Specifies types of electrical controls, such as differential thermostat,
temperature sensors, and solenoid valves, compatible with other system components, using
knowledge of control systems. Completes parts list, specifying components of system. Draws
wiring, piping, and other diagrams, using drafting tools. May inspect structures to compile data
used in solar system design, such as structure's angle of alignment with sun and temperature of
incoming cold water. May inspect construction of system to ensure adherence to design
specifications.
007.167-010 DIE-DRAWING CHECKER (profess. & kin.)
Examines die design drawings prepared by DIE DESIGNER
(machine shop) for accuracy of design detail and to assure production feasibility of die sets:
Computes dimensions of drawings to check accuracy of figures and proper placement of layout.
Ascertains that production parts can be fabricated with dies as designed by applying thorough
knowledge of machine capacities. Returns erroneous drawings to original designer for correction,
indicating orally, or in writing, changes to be made.
007.167-014 PLANT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: factory engineer; superintendent, mechanical
Plans, directs, and coordinates activities concerned with
design, construction, modification, and maintenance of equipment and machinery in industrial
plant: Establishes standards and policies for pollution control, installation, modification, quality
control, testing, operating procedure, inspection, and maintenance of equipment, according to
engineering principles and safety regulations. Directs maintenance of plant buildings and
coordinates requirements for new designs, surveys, and maintenance schedules for equipment
and machinery. Prepares bid sheets and contracts for construction and facilities acquisition. Tests
newly installed machines and equipment to ensure fulfillment of contract specifications.
007.167-018 TOOL PROGRAMMER, NUMERICAL CONTROL (any industry) alternate titles: computer-programmer, numerical control; programmer, numerical control; tool programmer
Plans numerical control program to control contour-path
machining of metal parts on automatic machine tools: Analyzes drawings, sketches, and design
data of part to determine dimension and configuration of cuts, selection of cutting tools, and
machine speeds and feed rates, according to knowledge of machine shop processes, part
specifications, and machine capabilities. Determines reference points and direction of machine
cutting paths. Computes angular and linear dimensions, radii, and curvatures, and outlines
sequence of operations required to machine part. Prepares geometric layout on graph paper or
using computer-assisted drafting software to show location of reference points and direction of
cutting paths, using drafting instruments or computer. Writes instruction sheets and cutter lists to
guide setup and operation of machine. Writes program of machine instructions in symbolic
language to encode numerical control tape or direct numerical control data base to regulate
movement of machine along cutting path. Compares encoded tape or computer printout with
original program sheet to assure accuracy of machine instructions. Revises program to eliminate
instruction errors or omissions. Observes operation of machine on trial run to prove taped or
programmed instructions.
007.181-010 HEAT-TRANSFER TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Plans requirements for fabricating, installing, testing, and
servicing climate control and heat transfer assemblies and systems to assist engineering
personnel, utilizing knowledge of heat transfer technology and engineering methods: Calculates
required capacities for equipment units of proposed system to obtain specified performance and
submits data to engineering personnel for approval. Studies supplier catalogs and technical data
to recommend equipment unit selections for system. Prepares unit design layouts and detail
drawings for fabricating parts and assembling system. Estimates cost factors, such as labor and
material for purchased and fabricated parts, and costs for assembling, testing and installing in
customer's premises. Fabricates nonstandard parts for system, using metalworking machinery
and assembles system, using handtools and power tools. Installs test fixtures, apparatus, and
controls and conducts operational tests under specified conditions. Analyzes test data and
prepares report for evaluation by engineering personnel. Installs system in customer premises
and tests operational performance for compliance with contract specifications and applicable
codes. Diagnoses special service problems of systems under service contract and writes
instructions for service or repair personnel. May be designated according to specialty as
Air-Conditioning Technician (profess. & kin.); Heating Technician (profess. & kin.);
Refrigerating Technician (profess. & kin.).
007.261-010 CHIEF DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: layer-out; lay-out drafter
Draws rough layout and sketches, and assigns work to and
directs subordinate drafting workers: Sketches layout according to design proposal and standard
specifications and practices. Assigns drafting of detail drawings to subordinate personnel and
verifies accuracy and completeness of finished drawings. May perform duties described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.261-014 DRAFTER, CASTINGS (profess. & kin.)
Drafts detailed drawings for castings which require special
knowledge and attention to shrinkage allowances and such factors as minimum radii of fillets and
rounds. Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.261-018 DRAFTER, PATENT (profess. & kin.) Drafts clear and accurate drawings of varied sorts of mechanical devices for use of LAWYER, PATENT (profess. & kin.) in obtaining patent rights. Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.261-022 DRAFTER, TOOL DESIGN (profess. & kin.)
Drafts detailed drawing plans for manufacture of tools,
usually following designs and specifications indicated by TOOL DESIGNER (profess. & kin.).
Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.267-010 DRAWINGS CHECKER, ENGINEERING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: standards analyst
Examines engineering drawings of military and commercial
parts, assemblies, and installations to detect errors in design documents: Compares figures and
lines on production drawing or diagram with production layout, examining angles, dimensions,
bend allowances, and tolerances for accuracy. Determines practicality of design, material
selection, available tooling, and fabrication process, applying knowledge of drafting and
manufacturing methods. Confers with design personnel to resolve drawing and design
discrepancies. May specialize in checking specific types of designs, such as mechanical
assemblies, microelectronic circuitry, or fluid-flow systems. May operate copier equipment to
make duplicates of designs.
007.267-014 TOOL DESIGN CHECKER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: tool drawing checker
Examines tool drawings prepared by TOOL DESIGNER
(profess. & kin.) 007.061-026 for inaccuracies of detail and evaluates overall tool design for fit,
form, and function, utilizing knowledge of engineering principles, tool design methods, and
manufacturing processes: Measures drawing dimensions, and compares figures with dimensions
on original layout, specifications, or sample part to verify measurements conform to scale. Marks
verified or out-of-scale dimensions on drawings. Inspects lines and figures on drawings for
clarity. Evaluates overall tool design for functionality, conformance to drawing standards and
design specifications, and manufacturing feasibility. Reviews material requirements for
standardization and conformance to industry specification manuals. Discusses design,
manufacturing, and related issues with engineering, production, or other personnel. Approves or
rejects design. May operate computer to examine and evaluate computer-generated tool designs.
007.281-010 DRAFTER, MECHANICAL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: drafter, engineering
Drafts detailed drawings of machinery and mechanical
devices, indicating dimensions and tolerances, fasteners and joining requirements, and other
engineering data: Reviews rough sketches and engineering specifications received from engineer
or architect. Drafts multiple-view assembly, subassembly, and layout drawings as required for
manufacture and repair of machines and equipment. Performs other duties as described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.362-010 NESTING OPERATOR, NUMERICAL CONTROL (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: computer-numerical-control nesting operator; pattern data operator
Operates computer to lay out graphic display of parts to be
machined in optimum arrangement (nest) and generate control media for numerical-control
drilling, routing, and cutting machines: Reviews shop orders to determine job specifications and
nesting requirements. Sorts shop orders into groups according to compatibility factors, such as
quantity and shape of parts, and type, size, alloy, and gauge of material to be machined to
produce nest that maximizes material utilization and minimizes machine setup and operation.
Enters computer commands to retrieve stored parts data and graphic displays, such as simulated
patterns or templates, and displays and manipulates part images on computer screen into
optimum arrangement. Calculates and codes machine controlling criteria, such as table
movement, type and size of cutting and drilling tools, spindle location, and machining start point,
feed rate, and speed, utilizing knowledge of numerical-control machine operation. Enters
commands to title and store nest layouts in computer memory and to build and maintain source
files. Keys in commands to transfer nest data, listings, or layouts to other media, such as
hardcopy, tape, or floppy disk, or to route nest data by direct link to direct-numerical-control
machines. Loads and unloads disk packs, tapes, or floppy disks. May operate digitizing
equipment to produce patterns. May discuss nesting or machining problems with machine
operators or other personnel.
008 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of chemistry and other sciences, such as physics and mathematics, and of engineering principles to manufacturing operations which involve chemical processes. Also includes the design, construction, and operation of industrial plants carrying out chemical processes. Typical specializations are heat transfer and energy conversion, food and pharmaceutical products, forest products, petrochemicals and fuels, and materials handling.
008.061-010 ABSORPTION-AND-ADSORPTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: adsorption-and-absorption engineer
Designs equipment and devises chemical processes to remove
and separate components of gas mixture or liquid solutions by absorption and adsorption, using
knowledge of chemistry and engineering: Devises processes and directs workers, using
equipment, such as crushers, grinders, kilns, screens, pumps, compressors, pipelines, valves,
tanks, and separators. Directs workers controlling flow of liquid or gas through an adsorbent,
such as fuller's earth, clays, carbons, charcoal, and bone char in granular form (percolation
method); or mixing adsorbent with liquid or gas and removing adsorbent by filtration, settling, or
combination of both (contact filtration method). Directs workers, using absorption method to
remove soluble constituent of gas or vapor by dissolving it in a liquid, using packed columns or
towers into which liquid is sprayed.
008.061-014 CHEMICAL DESIGN ENGINEER, PROCESSES (profess. & kin.)
Designs equipment and processes to produce chemical
changes in elements and compounds, performing duties as described under DESIGN
ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
008.061-018 CHEMICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs equipment and develops processes for manufacturing
chemicals and related products utilizing principles and technology of chemistry, physics,
mathematics, engineering and related physical and natural sciences: Conducts research to
develop new and improved chemical manufacturing processes. Designs, plans layout, and
oversees workers engaged in constructing, controlling, and improving equipment to carry out
chemical processes on commercial scale. Analyzes operating procedures and equipment and
machinery functions to reduce processing time and cost. Designs equipment to control
movement, storage, and packaging of solids, liquids, and gases. Designs and plans measurement
and control systems for chemical plants based on data collected in laboratory experiments and
pilot plant operations. Determines most effective arrangement of unit operations such as mixing,
grinding, crushing, heat transfer, size reduction, hydrogenation, distillation, purification,
oxidation, polymerization, evaporation, and fermentation, exercising judgment to compromise
between process requirements, economic evaluation, operator effectiveness, and physical and
health hazards. Directs activities of workers who operate and control such equipment as
condensers, absorption and evaporation towers, kilns, pumps, stills, valves, tanks, boilers,
compressors, grinders, pipelines, electro-magnets, and centrifuges to effect required chemical or
physical change. Performs tests and takes measurements throughout stages of production to
determine degree of control over variables such as temperature, density, specific gravity, and
pressure. May apply principles of chemical engineering to solve environmental problems. May
apply principles of chemical engineering to solve bio-medical problems. May develop
electro-chemical processes to generate electric currents, using controlled chemical reactions or to
produce chemical changes, using electric currents. May specialize in heat transfer and energy
conversion, petrochemicals and fuels, materials handling, pharmaceuticals, foods, forest
products, or products such as plastics, detergents, rubber, or synthetic textiles. May be designated
according to area of specialization.
008.061-022 CHEMICAL RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on chemical processes and equipment,
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
008.061-026 CHEMICAL-TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on chemicals, fuels, and processes, performing
duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
008.151-010 CHEMICAL-EQUIPMENT SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Sells chemical processing equipment and provides technical
services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
008.167-010 TECHNICAL DIRECTOR, CHEMICAL PLANT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: technical manager, chemical plant
Plans and coordinates technical activities in chemical plant,
pilot-plant, or chemical-engineering department: Directs activities of engineering personnel
engaged in preparing plans, designs, cost estimates, and specifications for experimental,
maintenance, or modernization programs to determine most feasible approach to technical
problems. Directs activities of engineers and technicians setting up prototype units designed to
perform experimental operations. Coordinates activities of workers engaged in testing and
metering unit operations, and collecting and interpreting processing records. Evaluates
performance records of chemical processes and physical operations and submits report of
findings to management. May prepare reports on cost of plant operation.
008.261-010 CHEMICAL-ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Applies chemical engineering principles and technical skills
to assist CHEMICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) in developing, improving, and testing
chemical-plant processes, products, and equipment: Prepares charts, sketches, diagrams, flow
charts, and compiles and records engineering data to clarify design details or functional criteria
of chemical processing and physical operation units. Participates in fabricating, installing, and
modifying equipment to ensure that critical standards are met. Tests developmental equipment
and formulates standard operating procedures. Tests processing equipment and instruments to
observe and record operating characteristics and performance of specified design or process.
Observes chemical or physical operation processes and recommends modification or change.
Observes and confers with equipment operators to ensure specified techniques are used. Writes
technical reports and submits finding to CHEMICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.). Performs
preventive and corrective maintenance of chemical processing equipment. May prepare chemical
solutions for use in processing materials, such as synthetic textiles, detergents, and fertilizers
following formula. May set up test apparatus. May instruct or direct activities of technical
personnel. May assist in developing and testing prototype processing systems and be designated
Chemical-Engineering Technician, Prototype-Development (profess. & kin.). May assist in
development of pilot-plant units and be designated Pilot-Plant Research-Technician (petrol.
refin.).
010 MINING AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the extraction of minerals from the earth, including planning the development of the mine. Accessory techniques include those used in geology and in civil, mechanical, electrical, metallurgical, and chemical engineering. Typical specializations are according to activities involved, such as exploration, extraction, mine layout, oil well development, safety, research, and supervision and management; or according to type of substance involved, such as metals, nonmetallic minerals, coal, or petroleum and natural gas.
010.061-010 DESIGN ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-FIELD EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs mining and oil field machinery, performing duties as
described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
010.061-014 MINING ENGINEER (mine & quarry)
Conducts research to determine location and methods of
extracting minerals, such as metallic ores and nonmetallic substances, such as coal, stone, and
gravel: Conducts or collaborates in geological exploration, and reviews maps and drilling logs to
determine location, size, accessibility, and estimated value of mineral deposit. Determines
methods to extract minerals, considering factors such as safety, operational costs, deposit
characteristics, overburden depth, and surrounding strata. Plans, recommends, and coordinates
mining process, type and capacity of haulage equipment, such as power shovels and trucks, and
labor utilization. Lays out and directs mine construction operations, such as location and
development of shafts, tunnels, chambers, position of excavation benches (levels), and access
roads. Designs, implements, and monitors facility projects, such as water and power supply,
ventilation system, rock-dust and radon gas control, drainage, rail and conveyor systems, and
material cleaning, grading, and reduction systems. May devise methods and locations to store
and replace excavated soil to reclaim mine sites. May analyze labor requirements, equipment
needs, and operational costs to compute and prepare annual budget reports. May apply
knowledge of mining engineering to solve problems concerned with environment.
010.061-018 PETROLEUM ENGINEER (petrol. & gas)
Analyzes technical and cost factors to plan methods to
recover maximum oil and gas in oil-field operations, utilizing knowledge of petroleum
engineering and related technologies: Examines map of subsurface oil and gas reservoir locations
to recommend placement of wells to maximize economical production from reservoir. Evaluates
probable well production rate during natural or stimulated-flow production phases. Recommends
supplementary processes to enhance recovery involving stimulation of flow by use of processes,
such as pressurizing or heating in subsurface regions. Analyzes recommendations of reservoir
engineering specialist for placement of well in oil field. Develops well drilling plan for
management approval, specifying factors including drilling time, number of special operations,
such as directional drilling, and testing, and material requirements and costs including well
casing and drilling muds. Provides technical consultation during drilling operations to resolve
problems such as bore directional change, unsatisfactory drilling rate or invasion of subsurface
water in well bore. Advises substitution of drilling mud compounds or tool bits to improve
drilling conditions. Inspects well to determine that final casing and tubing installations are
completed. Plans oil and gas field recovery containers, piping, and treatment vessels to receive,
remove contaminants, and separate oil and gas products flowing from well. Monitors production
rate of gas or oil from established wells and plans rework process to correct well production,
such as repacking of well bore and additional perforation of subsurface sands adjacent to well
bottom. May apply knowledge of petroleum engineering to solve problems concerned with
environment [ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)]. May be designated according
to specialty as Development Engineer, Geothermal Operations (profess. & kin.); Drilling
Engineer (petrol. & gas); Production Engineer (petrol. & gas); Reservoir Engineer (petrol. &
gas).
010.061-022 RESEARCH ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-WELL EQUIPMENT (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)
Conducts research to develop improved mining and oil well
equipment, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
010.061-026 SAFETY ENGINEER, MINES (mine & quarry) alternate titles: director, safety
Inspects underground or open-pit mining areas and trains
mine personnel to ensure compliance with state and federal laws and accepted mining practices
designed to prevent mine accidents: Inspects mine workings to detect unsafe timbers, cribbing,
roof bolts, electric wiring, elevators, explosives storage, equipment, and working conditions.
Examines walls and roof surfaces for evidence of strata faults indicating cave-in or rock slide
hazards. Tests air to detect concentrations of toxic gases and explosive dusts, using safety lamp,
methane detector, carbon monoxide register, and anemometer. Recommends alteration or
installation of ventilation shafts, partitions, or equipment to remedy inadequate air circulation of
air-conditioning. Applies principles of mining engineering and human engineering to design
protective equipment and safety devices for mine machinery. Gives instructions to mine
personnel in safe working practices and first aid, and strives to promote and maintain
safety-mindedness of workers. Investigates explosions, fires, and accidents and reports causes
and recommendations for remedial action to insurance companies, mine management, and state
authorities. May lead rescue activities during emergencies and maintain rescue equipment.
010.061-030 TEST ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-FIELD EQUIPMENT (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)
Conducts tests on mining and oil field machinery and
equipment, performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title.
010.131-010 WELL-LOGGING CAPTAIN, MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: mud-analysis-well-logging captain
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
analysis of oil well drilling mud and well cuttings during drilling operations to detect presence of
oil or gas and identify productive strata: Coordinates work of WELL-LOGGING OPERATORS,
MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) engaged in continuous sampling and analysis of mud
circulating through wells being drilled and preparation of mud analysis logs. Reviews analysis
made by workers of cores cut from wells to determine nature of earth formations penetrated.
Summarizes log data and core analysis records for engineering personnel. Initiates or
recommends personnel actions, such as pay increase, transfer or discipline.
010.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-WELL EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)
Sells mining and oilwell equipment and provides technical
services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
010.161-010 CHIEF ENGINEER, RESEARCH (petrol. & gas)
Coordinates research activities to develop new and improved
methods of drilling wells and producing oil or gas: Directs, through subordinate engineering
personnel, planning and progress of experimental projects in drilling and production operations,
such as projects investigating composition of drilling mud, recovery of natural gasoline from
crude oil and gas solutions, or dehydration of crude petroleum. Assists CHIEF PETROLEUM
ENGINEER (petrol. & gas) in solution of technical operating problems. May direct research
activities in geochemical or other petroleum prospecting methods.
010.161-014 CHIEF PETROLEUM ENGINEER (petrol. & gas)
Plans and directs engineering activities of a petroleum
company to develop oil fields and produce oil and gas: Formulates programs for developing oil
fields, planning schedules for drilling wells and for constructing pumping units, crude-oil
treating units, and other production facilities. Coordinates projected activities with civil,
electrical, and other engineering departments. Directs, through subordinate workers, selection,
installation, use, and repair of oil field equipment. Directs PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (petrol.
& gas) in engineering work concerned with drilling new wells and producing flow of oil or gas
from wells, in maintaining well logs, and in other engineering activities. Directs laboratory and
field research to develop new or to improve old methods and equipment for recovery of oil and
gas. Keeps abreast of new developments in petroleum engineering. Selects, trains, and promotes
engineering personnel. May direct mechanical, civil, electrical, and other engineering activities.
May direct engineering and drilling activities in developing geothermal field and be designated
Director, Geothermal Operations (petrol. & gas).
010.161-018 OBSERVER, SEISMIC PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: field seismologist; geophysical operator; section-plotter operator
Plans and directs activities of field party engaged in collecting
seismic data used in prospecting for oil or gas: Designates location of shot holes and placement
of seismometers and connecting cables over blast area according to plot drawn by SURVEYOR,
GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas). Plans and directs activities of workers
engaged in laying out seismographic measuring apparatus over test area. Surveys area to verify
that equipment is in position specified and tests electrical circuits for continuity. Directs
SHOOTER, SEISMOGRAPH (petrol. & gas) to detonate charges placed in shot holes, using
short wave radio. Observes reaction of recording instruments to detect irregularity. Develops
picture of seismic wave pattern in photographic developing solution. Examines wave pattern on
subterranean strata for evidence of distortion caused by electronic crossfeed, short circuit, or
loose connection. Orders redrilling of shot holes and equipment layout to repeat shot. Directs
repair or repairs instruments or equipment, using manufacturers' manuals and handtools.
010.167-010 CHIEF ENGINEER (petrol. & gas; pipe lines)
Directs activities of workers in engineering department of
petroleum production or pipeline company and advises management on engineering problems:
Apportions work among engineering staff according to specialized training. Reviews engineering
designs for neatness and accuracy. Directs engineering personnel in formulating plans, designs,
cost estimates, and specifications for oil field or pipeline construction, maintenance, and
modernization programs. Supervises engineering office workers computing operating budgets,
compiling reports, and conducting special investigations and studies to evaluate efficiency of
engineering programs. May apply knowledge of petroleum engineering to coordinate work of
engineers engaged in solving problems concerned with environment [ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)]. May be designated according to engineering department
supervised as Chief Engineer, Drilling And Recovery (petrol. & gas); Chief Engineer, Pipeline
(petrol. & gas); Chief Engineer, Production (petrol. & gas); Chief, Reservoir Engineering (petrol.
& gas).
010.167-014 DISTRICT SUPERVISOR, MUD-ANALYSIS WELL LOGGING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: mud-analysis-well-logging supervisor, district; mud engineer; mud-logging superintendent
Plans and directs mud-sample testing operations: Consults
with SUPERINTENDENT, OIL-FIELD DRILLING (petrol. & gas) and interprets drilling logs
to determine status of wells being drilled. Plans and coordinates itinerary for WELL-LOGGING
CAPTAIN, MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas); WELL-LOGGING OPERATOR, MUD
ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) and other members of mobile field-laboratory crews to obtain
maximum utilization of personnel with minimum disruption of drilling operations. Interprets
mud analysis logs obtained by crews, for PETROLEUM ENGINEER (petrol. & gas).
010.167-018 SUPERINTENDENT, OIL-WELL SERVICES (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: manager, oil-well services
Directs activities concerned with providing technical services,
such as electrical well logging, gun perforating, directional or caliper surveying, and cementing,
acidizing, and formation fracturing, to assist in solving special oil well drilling and production
problems: Advises SUPERINTENDENT, DRILLING AND PRODUCTION (petrol. & gas) on
specific servicing problems and recommends use of specialized tools, techniques, and services.
Directs organization and training of personnel, and directly or through subordinate personnel
supervises servicing operations. Supervises repair and maintenance of equipment. Keeps records
of operations and prepares reports.
010.261-010 FIELD ENGINEER, SPECIALIST (petrol. & gas)
Collects fluid samples from oil-or gas-bearing formations and
analyzes sample to determine potential productivity of formation: Moves controls on panel to fire
charge into formation and to operate hydraulic mechanism which thrusts and seals probe into
perforation. Analyzes fluid in sample to determine potential productivity of formation.
010.261-014 OBSERVER, ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: electrical-logging engineer; electrical-prospecting operator
Measures resistance of earth formations to electrical charges,
using electrical apparatus to obtain data for locating rock strata favorable to further petroleum
exploration activities: Transports electrical equipment and instruments to designated locations,
and directs and assists in laying out and connecting cables, electrodes, instrument panels, and
other electrical equipment. Adjusts electrical instruments to eliminate electrical interferences
from earth currents or weather conditions. Opens and closes circuits to send electrical current
through electrodes into earth. Reads dials and records data of millivoltmeter readings at various
receptor points along cable to detect loss of potential due to resistance of earth formations.
Diagnoses cause of malfunctioning of instruments and cables and makes repairs.
010.261-018 OBSERVER, GRAVITY PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: gravity-prospecting operator; recorder, gravity prospecting
Records readings of gravity meter, torsion balance, and other
gravity-measuring instruments at various points in terrain to obtain data regarding gravity
characteristics indicating potential source of metallic ore or petroleum deposits: Sets up or directs
set-up of instruments at specified location and records readings. Examines readings for accurate
registration and adjusts instruments to specifications. Reads thermometers, barometers, and other
instruments and records variations in temperature, barometric pressure, elevation, and other
physical factors that affect instrument readings. May be designated according to instrument used
as Gravity-Meter Observer (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas); Magnetometer Operator (mine &
quarry; petrol. & gas).
010.261-022 SURVEYOR, OIL-WELL DIRECTIONAL (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: oil-well-logging engineer
Measures sonar, electrical, or radioactive characteristics of
earth formations in oil- or gas-well boreholes to evaluate productivity of oil- or gas-bearing
reservoirs, using sonic, electronic, or nuclear measuring instruments: Signals HOISTING
ENGINEER (any industry) to lower instruments into well, observing oscillograph and meters on
control panel to verify operating condition of instruments. Turns dials on control panel to adjust
instrument for specified recording and starts recording device when instruments reach bottom of
borehole. Prints copies of recorded graphs in truck darkroom [DEVELOPER (photofinishing)].
Interprets graphs for customer to indicate identity, porosity, oil- or gas-bearing content, and
productivity of geological formations. Measures borehole diameters, direction of borehole, and
inclination of geological strata, using microcalipers, directional indicators (clinometers), and
dipmeters. May be designated according to measuring instruments used as Acoustical Logging
Engineer (petrol. & gas); Nuclear Logging Engineer (petrol. & gas).
010.261-026 TEST-ENGINE EVALUATOR (petrol. refin.) alternate titles: research-test-engine evaluator
Collects and assists in evaluation of data obtained in testing
petroleum fuels and lubricants under simulated operating conditions: Inspects engines after test
runs have been made by TEST-ENGINE OPERATOR (petrol. refin.), for wear, deposits, and
defective parts, using microscope and precision weighing and measuring devices to obtain
accurate data. Records findings and assists in analyzing data. Assists in dismantling and
reassembling engines during test runs. May obtain and analyze samples of engine-exhaust gas.
010.267-010 SCOUT (petrol. & gas)
Investigates and collects information concerning oil well
drilling operations, geological and geophysical prospecting, and land and lease contracts from
other oil fields, the press, lease brokers, individuals, and organizations leading to possible
discovery of new oil fields: Interviews individuals and observes field operations to obtain data,
such as locations and depths of oil or gas wells or exploratory boreholes or of producing wells,
subsurface and geophysical survey results, methods of well completion, and volume of oil or gas
flow. Collects rock samples and cuttings and samples of oil or gas from wells. Inspects cores and
notes recurrence of specific strata in various boreholes to confirm or disprove concepts of
stratigraphy. Obtains information on purpose and locations of lease purchases, royalty contracts,
and other agreements made by competitive companies. Observations may be confined to
prospecting or to include drilling and producing activities. Must have knowledge of production
engineering, oil field practices, and geology. May sketch subsurface contours of geological
formations as indicated by data obtained. May negotiate with landowners for drilling leases, ore
royalties, and land options [LEASE BUYER (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)].
010.281-010 DRAFTER, DIRECTIONAL SURVEY (petrol. & gas)
Plots oil- or gas-well boreholes from photographic subsurface
survey recordings and other data. Computes and represents diameter, depth, degree, and direction
of inclination, location of equipment, and other dimensions and characteristics of borehole.
Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
010.281-014 DRAFTER, GEOLOGICAL (petrol. & gas)
Draws maps, diagrams, profiles, cross sections, directional
surveys, and subsurface formations to represent geological or geophysical stratigraphy and
locations of gas and oil deposits, performing duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. &
kin.) Master Title: Correlates and interprets data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs,
or geophysical prospecting reports, utilizing special symbols to denote geological and
geophysical formations or oil field installations. May finish drawings in mediums and according
to specifications required for reproduction by blueprinting, photographing, or other duplication
methods.
010.281-018 DRAFTER, GEOPHYSICAL (petrol. & gas)
Draws subsurface contours in rock formations from data
obtained by geophysical prospecting party. Plots maps and diagrams from computations based on
recordings of seismograph, gravity meter, magnetometer, and other petroleum prospecting
instruments and from prospecting and surveying field notes. Performs other duties as described
under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May be designated according to method of
prospecting as Drafter, Seismograph (petrol. & gas).
010.281-022 WELL-LOGGING OPERATOR, MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: mud-analysis-well-logging operator
Analyzes mud and drill cuttings that are circulated through
oil- or gas-well boreholes during drilling operations, using special testing equipment, to detect
presence of oil or gas, and interprets findings to locate productive stratum: Attaches pump-stroke
counter, mud-tank level indicator, and other measurement devices to drilling rig equipment, and
connects electrical conductor cables to measurement devices and drilling rig monitoring
instruments to prepare field laboratory for testing of mud and well cuttings. Detects presence of
gas in mud by reading dial of gas-detection meter hooked up to detection devices in mud.
Collects mud and drill cutting samples during drilling operations, and inspects samples to
determine nature of earth formations encountered and presence of oil or gas in formation, using
ultraviolet light, microscope, and other laboratory equipment. Keeps records of dial readings and
tests made, and calculates depth of formations found to contain gas or oil. Performs minor repairs
to electrical and mechanical equipment.
011 METALLURGY AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the extraction of metals from ores, and their processing and conversion into final shape. Also includes the design and development of process methods. Accessory techniques needed include those used in chemistry, geology, ceramics, mineralogy, and in mining, chemical, and mechanical engineering.
011.061-010 FOUNDRY METALLURGIST (foundry) alternate titles: foundry technician
Conducts research to develop and improve methods of sand
molding, melting, alloying, and pouring of metals: Makes experimental sand molds, and tests
sand for permeability, strength, and chemical composition. Calculates quantity of alloying metals
required. Melts alloys and pours metals under controlled conditions to make castings. Performs
physical and radiographic tests and evaluates data to develop improved alloys and foundry
techniques.
011.061-014 METALLOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts microscopic, macroscopic, and other tests and
investigations on samples of metals and alloys for purposes as metallurgical control over
products or use in developing new or improved grades and types of metals, alloys, or production
methods: Directs laboratory personnel in preparing of samples, such as polishing or etching, and
designates area of sample where microscopic or macroscopic examination is to be made. Studies
photomicrographs and performs microscopic examinations on samples to determine metal
characteristics, such as crystal structure, porosity, and homogeneity. Interprets findings and
prepares drawings, charts, and graphs for inclusion in reports for reference or instruction
purposes, and writes reports regarding findings, conclusions, and recommendations. Coordinates
and participates in performing special tests, such as end-quench hardenability, bend and tensile,
and grain size tests.
011.061-018 METALLURGIST, EXTRACTIVE (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: metallurgist, process
Originates, controls, and develops flotation, smelting,
electrolytic, and other processes used in winning metals from their ores, for producing iron and
steel, or for refining gold, silver, zinc, copper, and other metals: Studies ore reduction problems
to determine most efficient methods of producing metals commercially. Controls temperature
adjustments, charge mixtures, and other variables in blast-furnace operations and steel-melting
furnaces to obtain pig iron and steel of specified metallurgical characteristics and qualities.
Investigates methods of improving metallurgical processes, as in the reduction of alumina by
electrolytic methods to produce aluminum, the distillation of molten ore to purify zinc, or
selective oxidation methods to extract lead, nickel, mercury, and other nonferrous metals from
their ores.
011.061-022 METALLURGIST, PHYSICAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates and conducts experiments concerned with
physical characteristics, properties, and processing of metals to develop new alloys, applications,
and methods of commercially fabricating products from metals: Conducts microscopic, x ray,
x-ray diffraction, and spectroscopic studies of metals and alloys, such as steel, cast iron, and
nonferrous alloys, to determine their physical characteristics, such as crystal structure, dispersion
of alloy particles through basic metal, and presence of impurities, fractures, and other defects in
metal samples. Develops melting, hot-working, cold-working, and heat-treating processes to
obtain desired characteristics, such as ductility, malleability, elongation ability, durability, and
hardness. Tests alloys in tension, compression, impact, bending, or fatigue devices to study
physical characteristics for manufacturing purposes or determine compliance with manufacturing
specifications and standards. Consults with engineers and officials to develop methods of
manufacturing alloys at minimum costs. May specialize in particular area of physical metallurgy,
such as development of improved techniques and materials, for use in production of pressed
metallic-powder products.
011.061-026 WELDING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops welding techniques, procedures, and application of
welding equipment to problems involving fabrication of metals, utilizing knowledge of
production specifications, properties and characteristics of metals and metal alloys, and
engineering principles: Conducts research and development investigations to develop and test
new fabrication processes and procedures, improve existing or develop new welding equipment,
develop new or modify current welding methods, techniques, and procedures, discover new
patterns of welding phenomena, or to correlate and substantiate hypotheses. Prepares technical
reports as result of research and development and preventive maintenance investigations.
Establishes welding procedures to guide production and welding personnel relating to
specification restrictions, material processes, pre- and post-heating requirements which involve
use of complex alloys, unusual fabrication methods, welding of critical joints, and complex
postheating requirements. Evaluates new developments in welding field for possible application
to current welding problems or production processes. Directs and coordinates technical personnel
in performing inspections to ensure workers' compliance with established welding procedures,
restrictions, and standards; in testing welds for conformance with national code requirements; or
testing welding personnel for certification. Contacts personnel of other agencies, engineering
personnel, or clients to exchange ideas, information, or offer technical advice concerning welding
matters. May perform experimental welding to evaluate new equipment, techniques, and
materials.
011.161-010 SUPERVISOR, METALLURGICAL-AND-QUALITY-CONTROL-TESTING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: physical-testing supervisor
Directs and coordinates, through subordinate supervisory
personnel, activities of workers engaged in testing finished and semifinished metal sample
specimens to determine if metallurgical and physical properties meet manufacturing
specifications: Reviews production schedules to ascertain work load and prepares schedules and
priorities for work. Assigns personnel to specific work assignments and reviews test reports to
determine if physical characteristics of sample specimens meet metallurgical specifications and
quality control standards. Investigates causes of defective material and advises supervisory
personnel of production department responsible of processing defects. Determines disposition of
substandard material, according to established precedent or practice or upon approval of superior,
such as downgrading, reprocessing, or scrapping material. Advises metallurgical personnel on
problems involving quality control and testing techniques and methods and on application of
metallurgical specifications to metal products.
011.261-010 METALLURGICAL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: metallurgical-laboratory assistant; metallurgical tester; physical-laboratory assistant
Examines and tests metal samples to determine their physical
properties, under direction of METALLOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.): Conducts routine
microscopic examinations of metals and alloys to determine their crystal structure, porosity,
homogeneity, and other characteristics. Polishes or etches metal specimens and photographs
samples, using photomicroscope, or directs photography technical personnel to take, develop,
and mount photomicrographs. Examines metal and alloy samples with x-ray, gamma-ray, and
magnetic-flux equipment to detect internal fractures, impurities, and similar defects in metals.
Tests samples in pressure devices, hot-acid baths, and other apparatus to determine strength,
hardness, elasticity, toughness, or other properties of metal.
011.261-014 WELDING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Conducts experiments and tests and evaluates data to assist
welding engineering personnel in development and application of new or improved welding
equipment; welding techniques, procedures, and practices; and specifications for material heat
treating: Assists engineering personnel in testing and evaluating welding equipment, metals, and
alloys. Evaluates data and conducts experiments to develop application of new equipment or
improved techniques, procedures, or practices. Recommends adoption of new developments and
applications to engineering personnel and demonstrates practicability of recommendations.
Inspects welded joints and conducts tests to ensure welds meet company standards, national code
requirements, and customer job specifications. Records inspection and test results and prepares
and submits reports to welding engineering personnel. Conducts certification tests for
qualification of personnel with national code requirements.
011.261-018 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts radiographic, penetrant, ultrasonic, and magnetic
particle tests on metal parts to determine if parts meet nondestructive specifications: Reviews test
orders to determine type of test requested, test procedures to follow, and part acceptability
criteria. Applies agents, such as cleaners, penetrants, and developers, and couplant (light oil
which acts as medium), to parts, or heats parts in oven, to prepare parts for testing. Determines
test equipment settings according to type of metal, thickness, distance from test equipment, and
related variables, using standard formulas. Calibrates test equipment, such as magnetic particle,
x-ray, and ultrasonic contact machines, to standard settings, following manual instructions. Sets
up equipment to perform tests, and conducts tests on parts, following procedures established for
specified tests performed. Examines surface-treated materials during penetrant and magnetic
particle tests to locate and identify cracks or other defects, using black light. Moves transducer
probe across part when conducting ultrasonic tests and observes CRT (cathode ray tube) screen
to detect and locate discontinuities in metal structure [ULTRASONIC TESTER (any industry)
739.281-014]. Examines film when conducting radiographic tests to locate structural or welding
flaws. Marks tested parts to indicate defective areas. Evaluates test results against designated
standards, utilizing knowledge of metals and testing experience. Prepares reports outlining
findings and conclusions. May perform similar tests on nonmetallic parts or structures.
011.261-022 LABORATORY ASSISTANT, METALLURGICAL (steel & rel.) alternate titles: metallurgical analyst; metallurgical inspector
Analyzes data obtained from investigation of physical and
chemical properties of metals, or processes used in recovering metals from their ores to select
method, standards, and procedures of examination and testing and conducts tests: Analyzes
operating records and test reports, or by personal observation and investigation, determines
conformance to established procedures, methods, and standards. Conducts physical, chemical,
and process examinations, using metallurgical equipment and instruments for routine, special,
and experimental investigations. Writes report indicating deviations from specifications and
recommends corrective measures for approval.
011.281-014 SPECTROSCOPIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: spectrographer; spectrographic analyst
Conducts spectrographic examinations of metal and mineral
samples under established procedures, using spectrograph, spectrometer, densitometer, and other
measuring instruments: Analyzes densitometer or spectrometer readings to measure density ratio
of specific elements in sample. Computes percentage composition of sample by comparing
intensity ratio with standard charts. Investigates deviations from standard, performing further
examinations by other spectrographic procedures and methods to establish degree of
conformance to standard. Records quantitative determination, procedure, and standard applied
for each sample examined.
011.361-010 TESTER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: physical tester; testing-machine operator
Measures tensile strength, hardness, ductility, or other
physical properties of metal specimens, using following prescribed series of operations:
Determines tensile strength on tension-testing machines. Measures dimensions of specimen with
scales and micrometers and records measurements. Screws or clamps specimen in holders on
machine. Clamps extensometer onto specimen and connects wire from extensometer to automatic
stress-strain recorder. Turns handwheels or moves levers to apply tension to specimen at
specified rate. Notes reading of indicator dial on control panel of machine or observes
stress-strain curve (curve obtained by plotting applied tension against resultant elongation) being
drawn by recorder to determine yield point and tensile strength of specimen. Removes pieces of
broken specimen from machine, fits them together, and measures amount of elongation. Makes
simple calculations of values, such as unit tensile strength and percentage elongation, using
tables. Records readings and calculations on special forms. Measures hardness of specimens
[HARDNESS INSPECTOR (heat treating) 504.387-010]. Measures ductility of sheet metal
specimens in sheet metal testing machine. May test specimens for plasticity and compression.
May specialize in testing iron or steel sheets for ductility and be designated Sheet Tester (steel &
rel.).
012 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design and installation of integrated systems of personnel, materials, machinery, and equipment. Accessory techniques may include those used in mechanical and various other engineering specialities. Typical specializations are plant layout; production methods and standards; cost control; quality control; time, motion, and incentive studies; and methods, production, and safety engineering.
012.061-010 PRODUCT-SAFETY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops and conducts tests to evaluate product safety levels
and recommends measures to reduce or eliminate hazards: Establishes procedures for detection
and elimination of physical and chemical hazards and avoidance of potential toxic effects and
other product hazards. Investigates causes of accidents, injuries, and illnesses resulting from
product usage and develops solutions. Evaluates potential health hazards or damage which could
result from misuse of products and applies engineering principles and product standards to
improve safety. May participate in preparation of product usage and precautionary label
instructions.
012.061-014 SAFETY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops and implements safety program to prevent or
correct unsafe environmental working conditions, utilizing knowledge of industrial processes,
mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and safety laws: Examines plans and
specifications for new machinery or equipment to determine if all safety precautions have been
included. Determines amount of weight that can be safely placed on plant floor. Tours plant to
inspect fire and safety equipment, machinery, and facilities to identify and correct potential
hazards and ensure compliance with safety regulations. Determines requirements for safety
clothing and devices, and designs, builds, and installs, or directs installation of safety devices on
machinery. Conducts or coordinates safety and first aid training to educate workers about safety
policies, laws, and practices. Investigates industrial accidents to minimize recurrence and
prepares accident reports. May conduct air quality tests for presence of harmful gases and vapors.
012.061-018 STANDARDS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Establishes engineering and technical limitations and
applications for items, materials, processes, methods, designs, and engineering practices for use
by designers of machines and equipment, such as aircraft, automobiles, and space vehicles:
Communicates with management of industrial organization to maintain knowledge of current and
proposed projects in order to develop appropriate standards for design and production of new
items. Evaluates data in scientific journals, suppliers' catalogs, government standards documents,
and other sources of information on materials, processes, and parts to update knowledge of
available resources. Prepares specification sheets and standard drawings designating parts and
materials acceptable for specific uses, using knowledge of primary engineering discipline and
related disciplines. Examines all factors involved to confirm that standards will result in most
economic use of material and labor consistent with safety and durability of final product.
Reviews standards prepared with other departmental specialists to assure consistency with
existing standards and those in other specialized disciplines. Communicates with user personnel
to confirm knowledge of standards and cooperation of various project groups. Follows
established procedures for retention of data developed to assure optimum storage and retrieval by
manual or automated methods.
012.067-010 METROLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Develops and evaluates calibration systems that measure
characteristics of objects, substances, or phenomena, such as length, mass, time, temperature,
electric current, luminous intensity, and derived units of physical or chemical measure: Identifies
magnitude of error sources contributing to uncertainty of results to determine reliability of
measurement process in quantitative terms. Redesigns or adjusts measurement capability to
minimize errors. Develops calibration methods and techniques based on principles of
measurement science, technical analysis of measurement problems, and accuracy and precision
requirements. Directs engineering, quality, and laboratory personnel in design, manufacture,
evaluation, and calibration of measurement standards, instruments, and test systems to ensure
selection of approved instrumentation. Advises others on methods of resolving measurement
problems and exchanges information with other metrology personnel through participation in
government and industrial standardization committees and professional societies.
012.167-010 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes proposed changes of product design to determine
effect on overall system, and coordinates recording of modifications for management control:
Confers with manufacturer or customer representatives to establish change-reporting procedure,
and prepares directives for change authorization and documentation by company and
subcontractor personnel. Analyzes proposed part-design changes and exhibits to prepare report of
effect on overall product for management action, using knowledge of engineering,
manufacturing, and procurement activities. Confers with department managers to obtain
additional information or to interpret policies and procedures for reporting changes in product
design. Audits subcontractor's inspection or technical documents preparation procedure to verify
compliance with contract requirements. Coordinates activities of personnel preparing manual or
automated records of part-design change documents and $T3first-article configuration
inspection.$T1
012.167-014 MANAGER, QUALITY CONTROL (profess. & kin.)
Plans, coordinates, and directs quality control program
designed to ensure continuous production of products consistent with established standards:
Develops and analyzes statistical data and product specifications to determine present standards
and establish proposed quality and reliability expectancy of finished product. Formulates and
maintains quality control objectives and coordinates objectives with production procedures in
cooperation with other plant managers to maximize product reliability and minimize costs.
Directs, through intermediate personnel, workers engaged in inspection and testing activities to
ensure continuous control over materials, facilities, and products. Plans, promotes, and organizes
training activities related to product quality and reliability. May investigate and adjust customer
complaints regarding quality.
012.167-018 FACTORY LAY-OUT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: planning engineer
Plans layout of complete departments of industrial plant or
commercial establishment to provide maximum possible operating efficiency: Measures and
studies available floor space and draws plan of floor space to scale, using drafting tools. Studies
sequence of operations to be performed and flow of materials. Studies and measures machines,
conveyors, benches, furnaces, and other equipment. Coordinates all available knowledge and
information into finished scale drawing, showing most efficient location for each piece of
equipment and necessary working area around each. May use computer-assisted design/drafting
equipment.
012.167-022 FIRE-PREVENTION RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: loss-prevention research engineer
Conducts research to determine cause and methods of
preventing fires and prepares educational materials concerning fire prevention for insurance
companies, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
012.167-026 FIRE-PROTECTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: fire-loss-prevention engineer
Advises and assists private and public organizations and
military services for purposes of safeguarding life and property against fire, explosion, and
related hazards: Makes studies of industrial, mercantile, and public buildings, homes, and other
property before and after construction, considering factors, such as fire resistance of construction,
usage or contents of buildings, water supplies and water delivery, and egress facilities. Designs
or recommends materials or equipment, such as structural components protection, fire-detection
equipment, alarm systems, fire extinguishing devices and systems, and advises on location,
handling, installation, and maintenance. Recommends materials, equipment, or methods for
alleviation of conditions conducive to fire. Devises fire protection programs, and organizes and
trains personnel to carry out such programs. May evaluate fire departments and adequacy of
laws, ordinances, and regulations affecting fire prevention or firesafety. Conducts research and
tests on fire retardants and firesafety of materials and devices and to determine fire causes and
methods of fire prevention. May determine fire causes and methods of fire prevention. May teach
courses on fire prevention and protection at accredited educational institutions. May advise and
plan for prevention of destruction by fire, wind, water, or other causes of damage.
012.167-030 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans utilization of facilities, equipment, materials, and
personnel to improve efficiency of operations: Studies functional statements, organization charts,
and project information to determine functions and responsibilities of workers and work units
and to identify areas of duplication. Establishes work measurement programs and analyzes work
samples to develop standards for labor utilization. Analyzes work force utilization, facility
layout, and operational data, such as production costs, process flow charts, and production
schedules, to determine efficient utilization of workers and equipment. Recommends methods for
improving worker efficiency and reducing waste of materials and utilities, such as restructuring
job duties, reorganizing work flow, relocating work stations and equipment, and purchase of
equipment. Confers with management and engineering staff to implement plans and
recommendations. May develop management systems for cost analysis, financial planning, wage
and salary administration, and job evaluation.
012.167-034 INDUSTRIAL-HEALTH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: industrial hygiene engineer
Plans and coordinates private or government industrial health
program requiring application of engineering principles and technology to analyze and control
conditions contributing to occupational hazards and diseases: Conducts plant or area surveys to
determine safe limits of exposure to materials or conditions, such as temperatures, noise, dusts,
fumes, vapors, mists, gases, solvents, and radiation which are known or suspected of being real
or potential detriments to health, and implements or recommends control measures. Directs
workers engaged in field and laboratory verification of compliance with health regulations.
Provides technical guidance to management, labor organizations, government agencies, and civic
groups regarding health-related problems, such as stream and air pollution and correct use of
protective clothing or accessories.
012.167-038 LIAISON ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Coordinates activities to evaluate and resolve
engineering-related production problems encountered in assigned area of aircraft manufacturing
facility: Reviews production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related
information to maintain current knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities
in assigned area. Confers with quality control, material, manufacturing, and other department
personnel to provide technical support. Interprets engineering drawings and facilitates correction
of errors on drawings and documents identified during manufacturing operations. Investigates
reports of defective, damaged, or malfunctioning parts, assemblies, equipment, or systems to
determine nature and scope of problem. Examines, measures, inspects, or tests defective part for
conformance to engineering design drawings or blueprint specifications, using precision
measuring and testing instruments, devices, and equipment. Consults with project engineers to
obtain specialized information. Evaluates findings to formulate corrective action plan and
coordinates implementation of plan. Maintains records or oversees recording of information by
others to ensure engineering drawings and documents are current and that engineering-related
production problems and resolutions are documented. Serves as member of material review
board to determine disposition of defective or damaged parts. May specialize in investigating and
resolving tooling problems and be designated Tool Liaison (aircraft mfg.).
012.167-042 MANUFACTURING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates manufacturing processes in
industrial plant: Develops, evaluates, and improves manufacturing methods, utilizing knowledge
of product design, materials and parts, fabrication processes, tooling and production equipment
capabilities, assembly methods, and quality control standards. Analyzes and plans work force
utilization, space requirements, and workflow, and designs layout of equipment and workspace
for maximum efficiency [INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) 012.167-030]. Confers
with planning and design staff concerning product design and tooling to ensure efficient
production methods. Confers with vendors to determine product specifications and arrange for
purchase of equipment, materials, or parts, and evaluates products according to specifications and
quality standards. Estimates production times, staffing requirements, and related costs to provide
information for management decisions. Confers with management, engineering, and other staff
regarding manufacturing capabilities, production schedules, and other considerations to facilitate
production processes. Applies statistical methods to estimate future manufacturing requirements
and potential.
012.167-046 PRODUCTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and coordinates production procedures in industrial
plant: Directs production departments. Regulates and coordinates functions of office and shop.
Introduces efficient production line methods. Initiates and directs procedures to increase
company output.
012.167-050 PRODUCTION PLANNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: planner, chief; planning supervisor; process planner; production-planning supervisor; production scheduler; scheduler; tool-and-production planner
Plans and prepares production schedules for manufacture of
industrial or commercial products: Draws up master schedule to establish sequence and lead time
of each operation to meet shipping dates according to sales forecasts or customer orders.
Analyzes production specifications and plant capacity data and performs mathematical
calculations to determine manufacturing processes, tools, and human resource requirements.
Plans and schedules workflow for each department and operation according to previously
established manufacturing sequences and lead times. Plans sequence of fabrication, assembly,
installation, and other manufacturing operations for guidance of production workers. Confers
with department supervisors to determine status of assigned projects. Expedites operations that
delay schedules and alters schedules to meet unforeseen conditions. Prepares production reports.
May prepare lists of required materials, tools, and equipment. May prepare purchase orders to
obtain materials, tools, and equipment.
012.167-054 QUALITY CONTROL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and directs activities concerned with development,
application, and maintenance of quality standards for industrial processes, materials, and
products: Develops and initiates standards and methods for inspection, testing, and evaluation,
utilizing knowledge in engineering fields such as chemical, electrical, or mechanical. Devises
sampling procedures and designs and develops forms and instructions for recording, evaluating,
and reporting quality and reliability data. Establishes program to evaluate precision and accuracy
of production equipment and testing, measurement, and analytical equipment and facilities.
Develops and implements methods and procedures for disposition of discrepant material and
devises methods to assess cost and responsibility. Directs workers engaged in measuring and
testing product and tabulating data concerning materials, product, or process quality and
reliability. Compiles and writes training material and conducts training sessions on quality
control activities. May specialize in areas of quality control engineering, such as design,
incoming material, process control, product evaluation, product reliability, inventory control,
metrology, automated testing, software, research and development, and administrative
application. May manage quality control program [MANAGER, QUALITY CONTROL
(profess. & kin.) 012.167-014].
012.167-058 SAFETY MANAGER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, implements, and coordinates program to reduce or
eliminate occupational injuries, illnesses, deaths, and financial losses: Identifies and appraises
conditions which could produce accidents and financial losses and evaluates potential extent of
injuries resulting from accidents. Conducts or directs research studies to identify hazards and
evaluate loss producing potential of given system, operation or process. Develops
accident-prevention and loss-control systems and programs for incorporation into operational
policies of organization. Coordinates safety activities of unit managers to ensure implementation
of safety activities throughout organization. Compiles, analyzes, and interprets statistical data
related to exposure factors concerning occupational illnesses and accidents and prepares reports
for information of personnel concerned. Maintains liaison with outside organizations, such as fire
departments, mutual aid societies, and rescue teams to assure information exchange and mutual
assistance. Devises methods to evaluate safety program and conducts or directs evaluations.
Evaluates technical and scientific publications concerned with safety management and
participates in activities of related professional organizations to update knowledge of safety
program developments. May store and retrieve statistical data, using computer.
012.167-062 SUPERVISOR, VENDOR QUALITY (any industry) alternate titles: chief, vendor quality
Directs and coordinates quality inspection of parts,
components, and materials produced by subcontractors and vendors, and surveillance of
subcontractors' manufacturing processes: Directs sampling inspection, and testing of received
parts, components, and materials to determine conformance to standards. Conducts periodic and
special surveys of subcontractors' facilities and manufacturing processes to determine adequacy
and capability of quality control and ability to comply with complete quality specifications.
Reviews quality problems with engineering personnel and directs action required to correct
defects. Prepares periodic and special reports concerning departmental activities, problems,
subcontractors' quality system, schedules, and rejected items. Aids in organizational planning by
participating in departmental conferences.
012.167-070 TIME-STUDY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: efficiency expert; manager, production; methods-and-procedures analyst; production engineer; production expert; time-study analyst; work-measurement engineer
Develops work measurement procedures and directs
time-and-motion studies to promote efficient and economical utilization of personnel and
facilities: Directs or conducts observation and analysis of personnel and work procedures to
determine time-and-motion requirements of job duties. Analyzes work study data and equipment
specifications to establish time and production standards. Applies mathematical analysis to
determine validity and reliability of sampling and work study statistics. Applies principles of
industrial engineering and applied psychology to evaluate work methods proposals and to
develop recommendations to management affecting work methods, wage rates, and budget
decisions. Trains INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) in
time-and-motion study principles and techniques.
012.167-074 TOOL PLANNER (any industry) alternate titles: processor
Analyzes blueprints or prototype parts to determine tools,
fixtures, and equipment needed for manufacture and plans sequence of operations for fabrication
and assembly of products, such as aircraft assemblies, automobile parts, cutting tools, or ball
bearings: Studies engineering blueprints, drawings, models, and other specifications to obtain
data on proposed part. Applies knowledge of functions and processes of various departments and
capacities of machines and equipment to determine tool requirements and establish sequence of
operations to fabricate and assemble parts. Lists operations to be performed on routing card or
paper, indicates machines, cutting tools, fixtures, and other equipment to be used, and estimates
times needed to perform each operation. May prepare reports for PRODUCTION PLANNER
(profess. & kin.) in scheduling work for entire plant. May plan tool and operation sequences for
only one department. May specify type of material to be used in construction of tools.
012.167-078 DOCUMENTATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates preparation of project
documentation, such as engineering drawings, production specifications and schedules, and
contract modifications, to ensure customer contract requirements are met: Reviews contract to
determine documentation required for each phase of project, applying knowledge of engineering
and manufacturing processes. Schedules due dates for drawings, specifications, software,
technical manuals, and other documents. Monitors status of project to ensure documentation is
submitted according to schedule. Reviews and verifies project documents for completeness,
format, and compliance with contract requirements. Submits project documentation to
management for approval, and transmits approved documents to customer. Confers with
engineers, managers, customers, and others to discuss project, prepare documents, or modify
contract schedules.
012.167-082 MATERIAL SCHEDULER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: commodities requirements analyst; material planning and acquisition analyst; production control scheduler
Develops and analyzes lists of raw materials, purchased parts,
equipment, and other items required to manufacture aircraft and aerospace products: Reviews
and evaluates engineering drawings and blueprints to estimate quantity and type of materials,
parts, or other items required. Converts requirements to orders of conventional sizes and
quantities, considering factors such as existing inventories, unavoidable waste, and kind of
material to be used. Reviews material lists for conformance to company standard practices in
regard to parts and materials used. Schedules deliveries based on production forecasts, material
substitutions, storage and handling facilities, and maintenance requirements. Prepares or
authorizes preparation of purchase requisitions. Estimates need to reorder supplies due to
rejections and engineering changes during manufacturing cycle. Confers with purchasing,
engineering, planning, and other personnel to exchange information regarding inventories,
schedules, and related issues.
012.187-014 SHOE-LAY-OUT PLANNER (boot & shoe) alternate titles: shoe planner
Plans detailed instructions of operations in manufacture of
newly designed shoes: Compiles manufacturing data from designer specifications, such as last to
be used, size runs, ornamentation, saddle height, strap width, and color. Computes sizes of parts,
such as inserts, linings, quarters, or vamps according to shoe size specifications or following
$T3standard size system.$T1 Lists specifications, such as materials, stitching, and findings for
each shoe size. May cut paper patterns of shoe design. May cut traced design into pattern of shoe
parts.
012.261-010 AIR ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: air tester
Analyzes samples of air in industrial establishments or other
work areas to determine amount of suspended foreign particles and effectiveness of control
methods, using dust collectors: Starts dust collector apparatus that draws air through machine
and precipitates dust on tubes, plates, electrodes, or in flasks. Weighs or otherwise determines
amount of collected particles, such as lead, rock, or coal dust. Compares weight or count of
particles with volume of air passed through machine, and computes percentage of concentration
per cubic foot of air tested, using mathematical and chemical formulas. Prepares summary of
findings for submission to appropriate department. May recommend remedial measures.
012.261-014 QUALITY CONTROL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Tests and inspects products at various stages of production
process and compiles and evaluates statistical data to determine and maintain quality and
reliability of products: Interprets engineering drawings, schematic diagrams, or formulas and
confers with management or engineering staff to determine quality and reliability standards.
Selects products for tests at specified stages in production process, and tests products for variety
of qualities, such as dimensions, performance, and mechanical, electrical, or chemical
characteristics. Records test data, applying statistical quality control procedures. Evaluates data
and writes reports to validate or indicate deviations from existing standards. Recommends
modifications of existing quality or production standards to achieve optimum quality within
limits of equipment capability. May set up and perform destructive and nondestructive tests on
materials, parts, or products to measure performance, life, or material characteristics. May
prepare graphs or charts of data or enter data into computer for analysis. May specialize in
particular area of quality control engineering, such as design, incoming material, process control,
product evaluation, inventory control, product reliability, research and development, and
administrative application.
012.267-010 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Studies and records time, motion, methods, and speed
involved in performance of maintenance, production, clerical, and other worker operations to
establish standard production rate and to improve efficiency: Prepares charts, graphs, and
diagrams to illustrate workflow, routing, floor layouts, material handling, and machine
utilization. Observes workers operating equipment or performing tasks to determine time
involved and fatigue rate, using stop watch, motion-picture camera, electrical recorder, and
similar equipment. Recommends revision of methods of operation or material handling,
alterations in equipment layout, or other changes to increase production or improve standards.
Aids in planning work assignments in accordance with worker performance, machine capacity,
production schedules, and anticipated delays. May be designated according to type of studies
analyzed as Methods-Study Analyst (profess. & kin.); Motion-Study Analyst (profess. & kin.);
Pace Analyst (profess. & kin.); Time-Study Analyst (profess. & kin.).
012.281-010 SMOKE TESTER (smelt. & refin.)
Tests emissions from smokestack to determine if electrostatic
precipitator and flue recovery systems are operating within prescribed standards: Measures force
of gas flow by observing manometer attached to Pitot tube placed at various points in stack.
Obtains solids contained in gas by drawing metered quantity of flue exhaust through filter bag.
Computes total amount of gases and solids lost, using specified formula.
013 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of engineering principles and techniques for the solution of agricultural problems. Also includes the design and development of agricultural machinery and structures. Accessory techniques needed may be those used in civil, mechanical, power, and electrical engineering; mineralogy; chemistry; and biology. Typical specializations are soil and water conservation; farm electrification; farm fire protection; pest control; and farm power and machinery, farm structures, and rural roads engineering.
013.061-010 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Applies engineering technology and knowledge of biological
sciences to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification,
structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products: Develops criteria
for design, manufacture, or construction of equipment, structures, and facilities. Designs and uses
sensing, measuring, and recording devices and instrumentation to study such problems as effects
of temperature, humidity, and light, on plants or animals, or relative effectiveness of different
methods of applying insecticides. Designs and directs manufacture of equipment for land tillage
and fertilization, plant and animal disease and insect control, and for harvesting or moving
commodities. Designs and supervises erection of structures for crop storage, animal shelter, and
human dwelling, including light, heat, air-conditioning, water supply, and waste disposal. Plans
and directs construction of rural electric-power distribution systems, and irrigation, drainage, and
flood-control systems for soil and water conservation. Designs and supervises installation of
equipment and instruments used to evaluate and process farm products, and to automate
agricultural operations. May conduct radio and television educational programs to provide
assistance to farmers, local groups, and related farm cooperatives. Workers are usually
designated according to area of specialty or product.
013.061-014 AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to develop agricultural machinery and
equipment, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
013.061-018 DESIGN-ENGINEER, AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs agricultural machinery and equipment, performing
duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
013.061-022 TEST ENGINEER, AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on agricultural machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
013.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Sells agricultural machinery and equipment and provides
technical services to client, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title.
013.161-010 AGRICULTURAL-ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares original layout and completes detailed drawings of
agricultural machinery and equipment, such as farm machinery, irrigation, power, and
electrification systems, soil and water conservation equipment and agricultural harvesting and
processing equipment: Applies biological and engineering knowledge, design principles, and
theories to ensure compliance with company policy, and an end product which will perform as
required. Maintains working knowledge of functions, operations, and maintenance of various
types of equipment and materials used in the industry to assure appropriate utilization.
014 MARINE ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design, development, and installation of ship machinery and related equipment, including propulsion machines and power supply systems. Accessory techniques needed are those used in mechanical and electrical engineering. Typical specializations are construction and repair, design and layout, consulting, research, and the administration of engineering enterprises and government regulatory activities.
014.061-010 DESIGN ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs marine machinery and equipment performing duties
as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
014.061-014 MARINE ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and oversees installation and repair of marine
powerplants, propulsion systems, heating and ventilating systems, and other mechanical and
electrical equipment in ships, docks, and marine facilities: Studies drawings and specifications
and performs complex calculations to conceive equipment and systems designed to meet
requirements of marine craft or facility. Oversees and evaluates operation of equipment during
acceptance testing and shakedown cruises. May specialize in design of equipment, such as
boilers, steam-driven reciprocating engines, heat exchangers, fire-control and communication
systems, electric power systems, or piping and related fittings and valves.
014.061-018 RESEARCH ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on marine machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
014.061-022 TEST ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on marine machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
014.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Sells marine machinery and equipment and provides technical
services to client, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
014.167-010 MARINE SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: ship surveyor
Surveys marine vessels and watercraft, such as ships, boats,
tankers, and dredges, to ascertain condition of hull, machinery, equipment, and equipage, and to
determine repairs required for vessel to meet requirements for insuring: Examines underwater
section of hull while ship is drydocked to ascertain conditions that indicate repairs are required.
Takes readings on tailshaft and tailshaft bearings. Inspects condition of propellers, rudders, and
sea valves. Inspects above waterline section of ship, such as hatchways, freeing ports, ventilators,
bulkheads, fittings, and attachments, for compliance with operating standards, and compliance
with standards for protection of crew. Observes operating tests on machinery and equipment and
inspects opened up machinery for interior condition. Observes testing of cargo gear for
compliance with testing standards and issues or endorses certificate for gear tested. Prepares
reports on types of surveys conducted, recommended actions and repairs, or conditions remedied.
Submits report to client.
014.167-014 PORT ENGINEER (ship-boat mfg.; water trans.)
Coordinates repair and maintenance functions furnished
operating fleet to minimize loss of revenue and cost of repairs: Reviews repair request and
compares request with previous work accomplished on ship concerned and similar vessels to
determine that expenditures are economically sound. Prepares recommendations for work, and
initiates procurement of materials. Inspects machinery, equipment, or spaces outlined in work
request, draws up job specifications, and obtains bids from contractors or shipyards to perform
repairs. Maintains contact with contractors to ensure completion of work at minimum cost.
Investigates machinery casualties to determine cause, and advises ship's officers in methods of
operation to prevent recurrence of casualty or maloperation. Maintains records of engineering
costs for each vessel, such as repairs, supplies, and personnel. Cooperates with regulatory bodies
to ensure that requirements for alterations, repair, or modifications are kept at minimum cost
consistent with safety. May represent ferry system interests in ferry and terminal construction
and maintenance activities, and in union contract negotiations.
014.281-010 DRAFTER, MARINE (profess. & kin.)
Draws structural and mechanical features of ships, docks, and
other marine structures and equipment, performing duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title. Works from general design drawings and notes made by ARCHITECT, MARINE (profess.
& kin.) or MARINE ENGINEER (profess. & kin.).
015 NUCLEAR ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the reasearch, development, and application of scientific knowledge of nuclear reactions and radiations, and principles of engineering applied to the production of heat and power, transmutation of elements, and production of neutrons, gamma radiation, and radioisotopes.
015.021-010 HEALTH PHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Devises and directs research, training, and monitoring
programs to protect plant and laboratory personnel from radiation hazards: Conducts research to
develop inspection standards, radiation exposure limits for personnel, safe work methods, and
decontamination procedures, and tests surrounding areas to ensure that radiation is not in excess
of permissible standards. Develops criteria for design and modification of health physics
equipment, such as detectors and counters, to improve radiation protection. Assists in developing
standards of permissible concentrations of radioisotopes in liquids and gases. Directs testing and
monitoring of equipment and recording of personnel and plant area radiation exposure data.
Requests bioassay samples from individuals believed to be exposed. Consults with scientific
personnel regarding new experiments to determine that equipment or plant design conforms to
health physics standards for protection of personnel. Conducts research pertaining to potential
environmental impact of proposed atomic energy related industrial development to determine
qualifications for licensing. Requisitions and maintains inventory of instruments. Instructs
personnel in principles and regulations related to radiation hazards. Assigns film badges and
dosimeters to personnel, and recommends changes in assignment for health reasons. Advises
public authorities on methods of dealing with radiation hazards, and procedures to be followed in
radiation incidents, and assists in civil defense planning. May specialize in research concerning
decontamination of radioactive equipment and work areas in nuclear plants, laboratories, and
other facilities and be designated Nuclear-Decontamination Research Specialist (profess. & kin.).
015.061-010 DESIGN ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs nuclear machinery and equipment, performing duties
as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
015.061-014 NUCLEAR ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into problems of nuclear energy systems;
designs and develops nuclear equipment; and monitors testing, operation, and maintenance of
nuclear reactors: Plans and conducts nuclear research to discover facts or to test, prove, or
modify known nuclear theories concerning release, control, and utilization of nuclear energy.
Evaluates findings to develop new concepts of thermonuclear analysis and new uses of
radioactive processes. Plans, designs, and develops nuclear equipment such as reactor cores,
radiation shielding, and associated instrumentation and control mechanisms. Studies nuclear fuel
cycle to define most economical uses of nuclear material and safest means of waste products
disposal. Monitors nuclear tests and examines operations of facilities which process or utilize
radioactive or fissionable material to ensure efficient functioning and conformance with safety
specifications, regulations, and laws. Prepares technical reports, utilizing knowledge obtained
during research and development activities and inspectional functions. May direct operating and
maintenance activities of operational nuclear facility.
015.061-018 RESEARCH ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on nuclear equipment and machinery,
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
015.061-022 TEST ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on nuclear machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
015.061-026 NUCLEAR-FUELS RECLAMATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and oversees construction and operation of
nuclear fuels reprocessing systems: Performs research and experiments to determine acceptable
methods of reclaiming various types of nuclear fuels. Designs nuclear fuel reclamation systems
and equipment for pilot plants. Communicates with vendors and contractors, and computes cost
estimates of reclamation systems. Writes project proposals and submits them to company review
board. Studies safety procedures, guidelines, and controls, and confers with safety officials to
ensure that safety limits are not violated in design, construction, or operation of systems and
equipment. Oversees nuclear fuels reprocessing system construction and operation, conferring
with construction supervisory and operating personnel. Tests system equipment and approves
equipment for operation. Monitors operations to detect potential or inherent problems. Initiates
corrective actions and orders plant shutdown in emergency situations. Identifies operational and
processing problems and recommends solutions. Maintains log of plant operations, and prepares
reports for review by plant officials.
015.061-030 NUCLEAR-FUELS RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Studies behavior of various fuels and fuel configurations in
differentiated reactor environments to determine safest and most efficient usage of nuclear fuels,
applying theoretical and experiential knowledge of reactor physics and thermal and metallurgical
characteristics of nuclear fuels and fuel cell claddings: Analyzes available data and consults with
other scientists to determine parameters of experimentation and suitability of analytical models.
Designs fuels behavior tests and coordinates activities of experimental research team in
performance and analysis of test operations. Monitors test reactor indicators of factors such as
neutron power level, coolant level, and vital pressure, temperature and humidity readings, and
changes or modifies procedures to meet test goals. Synthesizes analyses of test results and
prepares technical reports to disseminate findings and recommendations. Formulates equations
that describe phenomena occurring during fissioning of nuclear fuels and develops analytical
models for nuclear fuels research.
015.067-010 NUCLEAR-CRITICALITY SAFETY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research and analyzes and evaluates proposed and
existing methods of transportation, handling, and storage of nuclear fuel to preclude accidental
nuclear reaction at nuclear facilities: Reviews and evaluates fuel transfer and storage plans
received from nuclear plants. Studies reports of nuclear fuel characteristics to determine potential
or inherent problems. Reads blueprints of proposed storage facilities and visits storage sites to
determine adequacy of storage plans. Forecasts nuclear fuel criticality (point at which nuclear
chain reaction becomes self-sustaining), given various factors which may exist in fuel handling
and storage, using knowledge of nuclear physics, calculator, and computer terminal. Determines
potential hazards and accident conditions which may exist in fuel handling and storage and
recommends preventive measures. Summarizes findings and writes reports. Confers with project
officials to resolve situations where hazard is beyond acceptable levels. Prepares proposal reports
for handling and storage of fuels to be submitted to government review board. Studies existing
procedures and recommends changes or additions to guidelines and controls to ensure prevention
of self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
015.137-010 RADIATION-PROTECTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
monitoring radiation levels and condition of equipment used to generate nuclear energy to ensure
safe operation of plant facilities: Evaluates water chemical analysis data in primary and
supportive plant systems to determine compliance with radiation content and corrosion control
regulations. Investigates problems, such as radioactive leaks in reactors and auxiliary systems, or
excessive radiation or corrosion of equipment, applying knowledge of radiation protection
techniques and principles of chemistry and engineering to correct conditions. Confers with
departmental supervisors, manufacturing representatives, and regulatory agency staff to discuss
problems, to develop tests to detect radioactive leaks, and to design plans to monitor equipment
and safety programs. Directs workers in testing and analyzing water samples and monitoring
processing system. Prepares reports, such as environmental monitoring operation report,
radioactive waste releases, and shipping reports, for review by administrative personnel and
submission to regulatory agency. May prepare employee performance reviews and related
reports.
015.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Sells nuclear machinery and equipment and provides
technical services to client, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title.
015.167-010 NUCLEAR-PLANT TECHNICAL ADVISOR (utilities)
Monitors plant safety status, advises operations staff, and
prepares technical reports for operation of thermal-nuclear reactor at electric-power generating
station: Observes control-room instrumentation systems and confers with operating personnel to
ensure safe operation of plant. Walks throughout plant and observes machinery, equipment, and
operating procedures to identify potential hazards. Examines locations of accidents and transients
(sudden changes of voltage or load) and obtains data to formulate preventive measures.
Implements changes in systems, procedures, structure, or equipment to improve safety.
Compares critical parameters with plant transient predictions and accident analysis and
determines whether response of plant safety systems is sufficient. Formulates corrective actions,
calculates critical parameters from raw data, and computes rate of control rod withdrawal during
reactor startup. Confers with operating personnel to provide technical assistance and to discuss
maintenance activities, abnormal conditions, and safe operation of plant. Prepares reports to
inform management officials of any proposed changes or irregularities in plant operation or
systems.
015.167-014 NUCLEAR-TEST-REACTOR PROGRAM COORDINATOR (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates, coordinates, and oversees testing of nuclear reactor
equipment: Analyzes test proposal to ensure that test is valid and feasible. Identifies and resolves
problems, such as incompatibilities between proposal and nuclear test-reactor system.
Coordinates technical and financial agreements involving feasibility, scope, purpose, and cost of
project in nuclear test facility. Assists engineering personnel in interpretation of test language,
mathematical formulas, and computer codes used in test. Writes operational instructions. Inspects
general condition of nuclear test-reactor vessel and related systems. Verifies setup of nuclear
test-reactor for compliance with specifications. Observes control room instrumentation to ensure
that performance factors such as neutron power level, chemical composition of coolant, and
reactor temperatures and pressures are carried out as prescribed. Evaluates and resolves
operational problems. Coordinates activities directed toward removal of test specimens from
reactors and subsequent chemical, metallurgical, or mechanical analysis. Compiles report of test
results.
015.261-010 CHEMICAL-RADIATION TECHNICIAN (government ser.)
Tests materials and monitors operations of nuclear-powered
electric generating plant, using specialized laboratory equipment and chemical and radiation
detection instruments: Collects samples of water, gases, and solids at specified intervals during
production process, using automatic sampling equipment. Analyzes materials, according to
specified procedures, to determine if chemical components and radiation levels are within
established limits. Records test results and prepares reports for review by supervisor. Assists
workers to set up equipment and monitors equipment that automatically detects deviations from
standard operations. Notifies personnel to adjust processing equipment, quantity of additives, and
rate of discharge of waste materials, when test results and monitoring of equipment indicate that
radiation levels, chemical balance, and discharge of radionuclide materials are in excess of
standards. Carries out decontamination procedures to ensure safety of workers and continued
operation of processing equipment in plant. Calibrates and maintains chemical instrumentation
sensing elements and sampling system equipment, using handtools. Assists workers in diagnosis
and correction of problems in instruments and processing equipment. Advises plant personnel of
methods of protection from excessive exposure to radiation.
015.362-010 ACCELERATOR OPERATOR (profess. & kin.)
Controls operation of particle accelerator used in research
experiments involving properties of subatomic particles: Reviews experiment schedule to
ascertain particle beam parameters specified by experimenter (scientist), such as energy,
intensity, and repetition rate. Communicates with accelerator maintenance personnel to ensure
readiness of support systems, such as vacuum, water cooling, and radiofrequency power source.
Sets control panel switches, according to standard procedures, to route electric power from
source and direct particle beam through injector unit. Turns panel controls and watches meters
and panel lights to adjust beam steering units and direct beam to accelerator. Pushes console
buttons in prescribed sequence to control beam path in accelerator. Adjusts controls to increase
beam pulse rate, energy, and intensity to specified levels. Notifies experimenter in target control
room when beam parameters meet specifications. Pushes control levers to steer beam to
experimenter's target, as directed. Monitors readings at console during experiment to ensure
accelerator systems meet specifications and notifies experimenter of condition. Alters beam
parameters during experiment as directed. Ensures that maintenance workers vacate hazardous
locations before operations. Records data in log relative to beam specifications, equipment
settings used, and beam conditions obtained for future reference. Participates in maintenance and
modification of systems as member of team. May be designated according to type of accelerator
operated.
015.362-014 GAMMA-FACILITIES OPERATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: pile operator; reactor-service operator
Controls gamma radiation equipment to irradiate materials for
scientific research: Inserts capsules of materials to be irradiated into tubes leading to reactor core,
using extension tool. Computes radiation time and dosage for experiments, and gamma
intensities required at various distances from grid, using standard formulas, conversion tables,
and slide rule, and submits data to supervisor for review. Tends cutoff saw, mounted on
water-filled canal floor (radiation shield), that cuts fuel elements to size to fit into shielding
boxes, using extension tools. Places fuel elements in geometric configurations around tube in
gamma facility according to radiation intensity specifications. Lowers experimental materials,
such as foods, plastics, or metal, into tube to subject material to irradiation for specified period of
time. Lowers extension tool into floor of canal and transfers materials from completed
experiments, and spent fuel elements discharged from reactor, to storage area on canal floor or
into cask for subsequent shipment. Writes summary of irradiation activities performed. Monitors
instruments and gauges that control heating, ventilating, steam, and water systems, and
instruments that record gamma intensity, temperatures of experiments, and fuel elements in
canal.
015.362-018 HOT-CELL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: irradiation technician
Operates remote-controlled equipment in hot cell to conduct
metallurgical and chemical tests on radioactive materials: Controls slave manipulators from
outside cell to remove metal or chemical materials from shielded containers inside hot cell and
places on bench or equipment work station. Tests chemical or metallurgical properties of
materials according to standardized procedures, and observes reaction through cell window. Sets
up and operates machines to cut, lap, and polish test pieces, following blueprints, x-ray
negatives, and sketches. Tests physical properties, using equipment, such as tensile tester,
hardness tester, metallographic unit, micrometer, and gauges. Immerses test sample in chemical
compound to prepare for testing. Places irradiated nuclear fuel materials in environmental
chamber to test reaction to temperature changes. Records results of tests for further analysis by
engineers, scientists, or customers. Places specimen in shielded container for removal from cell,
using manipulators. Participates in cleaning and decontamination of cell during maintenance
shutdown. May devise adapters and fixtures for use in hot cell operations.
015.362-022 RADIOISOTOPE-PRODUCTION OPERATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: isotope-production technician
Controls laboratory compounding equipment enclosed in
protective hot cell to prepare radioisotopes and other radioactive materials for use as tracers for
biological, biomedical, physiological, and industrial purposes according to written procedures:
Places specified amounts of chemicals into container to be irradiated at nuclear reactor or with
other irradiation equipment. Secures vacuum pump head to outlet valve on special container to
replace air with inert gas, and routes container to irradiation facility. Receives irradiated
chemicals delivered in shielded cell. Moves manipulator to open container and transfer irradiated
contents into glass vessel. Opens pneumatic valves or uses manipulators to add specified types
and quantities of chemical reagents into glass vessel to produce radioactive product. Controls
manipulators to pour liquids required to perform standard chemical analyses involving titration
and filtration. Withdraws radioactive sample for transport to chemical laboratory for analysis.
Fills shipping container inside cell with prescribed quantity of radioisotope material for shipment
pending sample approval.
015.362-026 REACTOR OPERATOR, TEST-AND-RESEARCH (profess. & kin.)
Controls operation of nuclear reactor to create fissionable
materials used for research purposes, study structure of atoms, and determine properties of
materials: Positions fuel elements (uranium) and object to be irradiated in position in reactor
core, using slave manipulators. Installs instrumentation leads in core to measure operating
temperature and pressure in reactor working from mockups, blueprints, and wiring and
instrumentation diagrams. Activates reactor and inserts object to be irradiated into rabbit
(pneumatic) tube, beam hole, or irradiation tunnel according to size of object and nature of
experiment. Monitors instruments at console and reactor panels to control chain reaction,
following directions of nuclear experimenters. Calculates applicable limits of operating factors,
such as temperature and pressure, using standard formulas, and adjusts controls to maintain
operating conditions, such as power level, airflow and waterflow, temperature, and radiation and
neutron levels in reactor within operating limits. Records data, such as type of material
irradiated, exposure time, pile atmospheric conditions, and position of control rods in core.
Disassembles reactor parts, such as core plug (shield) and control rods, using crane and
handtools. Lifts spent fuel elements and irradiated objects from core, using extension tool, and
drops them through chute into canal for recovery of fissionable material. May work as member
of team and alternate between operating reactor controls and monitoring instruments, gauges, and
other recording devices in control room.
015.384-010 SCANNER (profess. & kin.)
Compiles lists of events (collisions of atomic nuclei) from
photographs of bubble chamber, cloud chamber, or other particle detector, and operates machine
to record characteristics of events into computers: Observes projected photographs to locate
particle tracks, locate and count events indicated by tracks, and identify nature of observed
events. Receives instructions from scientist directing project as to specific events that are
important in experiment, and identifies such events from other events. Turns cranks to move
projector and locates point on track under crosshairs of eyepiece. Enters data into computer to
record coordinates of particles. Repeats process to record successive stages of tracks resulting
from each event to provide information for scientists to identify particles. May use microscope
fitted with scales and protractors to scan photographic emulsions previously exposed to direct
radiation and to compute direction, angle, length, curvature, density, and depth of tracks from
standard formulas.
017 DRAFTERS, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with preparing drawings used to communicate engineering ideas and information.
017.161-010 DRAFTER, CHIEF, DESIGN (utilities)
Oversees DRAFTERS, ARCHITECTURAL (profess. &
kin.); DRAFTERS, ELECTRICAL (profess. & kin.); DRAFTERS, MECHANICAL (profess. &
kin.); and DRAFTERS, STRUCTURAL (profess. & kin.) in drawing designs of indoor and
outdoor facilities and structures of electrical or gas power plants and substations. Consults with
engineering staff on development of plans and designs for buildings and installations and
prepares layout diagrams to ensure accurate interpretation of designs by workers supervised.
017.261-010 AUTO-DESIGN CHECKER (auto. mfg.) alternate titles: checker, product design
Examines detail, layout, and master drawings of either
auto-body or chassis parts, assemblies, and systems, for practicality of design, accuracy of
mathematical calculations, dimensional accuracy, projection, and conformity to specifications
and standards, using computerized work aids. Applies knowledge of auto-body and chassis
design, methods of manufacture and assembly, and drafting techniques and procedures.
Discusses necessary changes with staff members and coordinates corrections.
017.261-014 DESIGN DRAFTER, ELECTROMECHANISMS (profess. & kin.)
Drafts designs of electromechanical equipment such as
aircraft engine subassemblies, electronic optical-character-recognition and related data
processing systems, gyroscopes, rocket engine control systems, automatic materials handling and
processing machinery, or bio-medical equipment: Confers with engineers and other drafters to
interpret design concepts, determine nature and type of required detailed working drawings, and
coordinate work with others. Drafts detail and assembly drawings performing duties described
under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. Compiles data, computes quantities, determines
materials needed, and prepares cost estimates.
017.261-018 DETAILER (profess. & kin.)
Drafts detailed drawings of parts of machines or structures
from rough or general design drawings: Shows dimensions, material to be used, and other
information necessary to make detailed drawing clear and complete. Makes tracing of finished
drawing on semitransparent paper from which blueprints can be made. Performs other duties as
described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May specialize in preparing detail
drawings for specific type of machine, structure, or product.
017.261-022 DETAILER, FURNITURE (profess. & kin.)
Prepares detailed shop drawings in scale or full size, from
blueprints of FURNITURE DESIGNER (furniture), showing methods of construction and
upholstering, and indicating sizes and kinds of material to be used. Performs other duties as
described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
017.261-026 DRAFTER, COMMERCIAL (profess. & kin.)
Performs general duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title in all-round drafting, such as laying out location of buildings, planning of
arrangements in offices, large rooms, store buildings, and factories, and drawing of charts, forms,
and records. Paints and washes colored drawings when required.
017.261-030 DRAFTER, DETAIL (profess. & kin.)
Makes detailed drawings, in accordance with customers'
orders, to provide shop departments with accurate information for manufacture of structural and
ornamental construction parts: Confers with customers. Makes freehand sketches of designs and
drawings of approved sketches. Advises supervisory personnel on difficult or obscure problems.
017.261-034 DRAFTER, HEATING AND VENTILATING (profess. & kin.)
Draws plans for installation of heating, air-conditioning, and
ventilating equipment, performing duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May
calculate heat loss and heat gain for buildings for use in determining equipment specifications,
using calculator and following standardized procedures. May specialize in drawing plans for
installation of refrigeration equipment only and be designated Drafter, Refrigeration (profess. &
kin.).
017.261-038 DRAFTER, PLUMBING (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title
but specializes in drawing of plans for installation of plumbing equipment.
017.261-042 DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN (auto. mfg.)
Designs and drafts working layouts and master drawings of
automotive vehicle components, assemblies, and systems from specifications, sketches, models,
prototype or verbal instructions, applying knowledge of automotive vehicle design, engineering
principles, manufacturing processes and limitations, and conventional and computer drafting
techniques and procedures, using drafting instruments and computerized work aids: Analyzes
specifications, sketches, engineering drawings, ideas and related design data to determine critical
factors affecting design of components based on knowledge of previous designs and
manufacturing processes and limitations. Draws rough sketches and performs mathematical
computations to develop design and work out detailed specifications of components. Applies
knowledge of mathematical formulas and physical laws and uses conventional and computerized
work aids to make calculations. Performs preliminary and advanced work in development of
working layouts and final master drawings adequate for detailing parts and units of design.
Makes revisions to size, shape and arrangement of parts to create practical design. Confers with
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEER (auto. mfg.) 007.061-010 and others on staff to resolve design
problems. Specializes in design of specific type of body or chassis components, assemblies or
systems, such as door panels, chassis frame and supports, or braking system.
017.281-010 AUTO-DESIGN DETAILER (auto. mfg.)
Drafts full-size or scale detail drawings of either auto-body or
chassis parts and assemblies from specifications, master drawings, layouts, models, prototypes,
sketches, or verbal instructions, for engineering and manufacturing purposes [DRAFTER
(profess. & kin.) Master Title], applying knowledge of auto-body or chassis structure and
methods of manufacture and assembly.
017.281-014 DRAFTER APPRENTICE (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties as described under APPRENTICE (any
industry) Master Title.
017.281-018 DRAFTER, ASSISTANT (profess. & kin.)
Copies plans and drawings prepared by DRAFTER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title by tracing them with ink and pencil on transparent paper or cloth spread
over drawings, using triangle, T-square, compass, pens, and other drafting instruments. Makes
simple sketches or drawings under close supervision.
017.281-026 DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN LAYOUT (auto. mfg.)
Prepares working layouts and master drawings of automotive
vehicle components, assemblies, or systems from specifications, prior layouts, well-defined
sketches, models or verbal instructions sufficient for detailing, applying knowledge of
conventional and computerized drafting techniques and procedures, automotive vehicle design,
manufacturing processes and limitations, using conventional drafting instruments and
computerized work aids: Studies specifications, sketches, notes, and other design data and
measures prior layouts, using scales and dividers, to determine details and dimensions of
components being laid out from superimposed views and sections of parts on layouts. Lays out
on vellum major or minor components, assemblies, or systems in full-scale working layouts.
Performs mathematical calculations to work out detailed additions to specifications, applying
knowledge of mathematical formulas, using slide rule or digital calculators. Develops design of
details not completely defined. Projects sections and auxiliary views of components on layouts.
Makes corrections, revisions, and changes to layouts as directed by AUTO-DESIGN CHECKER
(auto. mfg.) 017.261-010 or DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN (auto. mfg.) 017.261-042.
Drafts master drawing of approved design on mylar, aluminum, or other materials. Specializes in
laying out specific type of body or chassis components, assemblies, or systems. Coordinates and
works in conjunction with other workers designing, laying out, or detailing same or related
structures. May direct activities of detailers.
017.281-030 DRAFTER, OIL AND GAS (petrol. & gas; petrol. refin.)
Drafts plans and drawings for layout, construction, and
operation of oil fields, refineries, and pipeline systems from field notes, rough or detailed
sketches, and specifications: Develops detail drawings for construction of equipment and
structures, such as drilling derricks, compressor stations, gasoline plants, frame, steel, and
masonry buildings, piping manifolds and pipeline systems, and for manufacture, fabrication, and
assembly of machines and machine parts [DRAFTER, ARCHITECTURAL (profess. & kin.);
DRAFTER, CIVIL (profess. & kin.); DRAFTER, MECHANICAL (profess. & kin.)]. Prepares
maps of pipeline systems and oil and gas locations, using field survey notes and aerial
photographs [DRAFTER, CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.)]. May draft topographical maps
or develop maps to represent geological stratigraphy and locations of oil and gas deposits, using
geological and geophysical prospecting and surveying data [DRAFTER, GEOLOGICAL (petrol.
& gas); DRAFTER, GEOPHYSICAL (petrol. & gas)].
017.281-034 TECHNICAL ILLUSTRATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: engineering illustrator; production illustrator
Lays out and draws illustrations for reproduction in reference
works, brochures, and technical manuals dealing with assembly, installation, operation,
maintenance, and repair of machines, tools, and equipment: Prepares drawings from blueprints,
designs, mockups, and photoprints by methods and techniques suited to specified reproduction
process or final use, such as blueprint, photo-offset, and projection transparencies, using drafting
and optical equipment. Lays out and draws schematic, perspective, orthographic, or
oblique-angle views to depict function, relationship, and assembly-sequence of parts and
assemblies, such as gears, engines, and instruments. Shades or colors drawing to emphasize
details or to eliminate undesired background, using ink, crayon, airbrush, and overlays. Pastes
instructions and comments in position on drawing. May draw cartoons and caricatures to
illustrate operation, maintenance, and safety manuals and posters.
017.684-010 TAPER, PRINTED CIRCUIT LAYOUT (electron. comp.)
Places (tapes) adhesive symbols and precision tape on sheets
of mylar in conformance with preliminary drawing of printed circuit board (PCB) to produce
master layout: Places, aligns, and secures preliminary drawing of PCB and successive layers of
transparent sheets of mylar on lighted drafting table, using register bar. Selects specified symbols
and width of tape to indicate peak voltage potential. Cuts tape and places tape and adhesive
symbols on specified sheets of mylar to outline board size, to indicate connector pads, placement
of various components, and to trace circuitry of PCB as indicated on underlying preliminary
drawing, using utility knife, precision grid, and straightedge. Places specified adhesive
identification and reference numbers on master layout. Reproduces blueprint copy of master
layout, using print machine. Inspects copy to verify accuracy.
018 SURVEYING/CARTOGRAPHIC OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with determining, delineating, planning, and positioning tracts of land, natural and constructed features, coastlines, and land areas. Typical specialized surveys include property, cartography, construction, geodesy, hydrography, mining, photogrammetry, topography, land development, and mapping.
018.131-010 SUPERVISOR, CARTOGRAPHY (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of DRAFTERS,
CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.); PHOTOGRAMMETRISTS (profess. & kin.); and other
personnel concerned with preparation of maps or map components: Develops design concept of
map product. Defines production specifications, such as projection, scale, size, and colors.
Provides guidelines for source material to be used, such as maps, automated mapping products,
photographs, survey data, and place names. Supervises and coordinates compilation and editing
of product components and monitors reproduction. Performs other duties as described under
SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title.
018.161-010 SURVEYOR, MINE (profess. & kin.)
Conducts surveys at surface and subsurface mine sites to
obtain data used in planning mining operations: Takes instrument readings of sun or stars and
calculates longitude and latitude to determine mine location. Directs survey technicians and
helpers [SURVEYOR HELPER (any industry) 869.567-010] in use of electronic surveying
equipment, light emitting systems, or other instruments to transfer surface survey positions and
directions to underground areas and to survey assigned sections. Computes data necessary for
driving and connecting underground passages to control direction and extent of mining
operation. Computes volume of coal or ore in portions of mine, using survey data. Surveys and
calculates volume of material deposits, spoil piles, or veins, and amount of overburden to be
removed. Drafts or directs others to draft maps of survey data. May assist MINE
SUPERINTENDENT (mine & quarry) 181.117-014 and MINING ENGINEER (mine & quarry)
101.061-014 in planning mining operations. May conduct surveys of tunnels, subway sites, and
underground storage facilities.
018.167-010 CHIEF OF PARTY (profess. & kin.)
Leads work of survey party under direction of LAND
SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.), performing surveying duties not requiring licensure.
018.167-014 GEODETIC COMPUTATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: topographic computator
Calculates latitude, longitude, angles, areas, and other
information for mapmaking from field notes secured by engineering survey party, using
reference tables and calculating machine or computer.
018.167-018 LAND SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.)
Plans, organizes, and directs work of one or more survey
parties engaged in surveying earth's surface to determine precise location and measurements of
points, elevations, lines, areas, and contours for construction, mapmaking, land division, titles,
mining or other purposes: Researches previous survey evidence, maps, deeds, physical evidence,
and other records to obtain data needed for surveys. Develops new data from photogrammetric
records. Determines methods and procedures for establishing or reestablishing survey control.
Keeps accurate notes, records, and sketches to describe and certify work performed. Coordinates
findings with work of engineering and architectural personnel, clients, and others concerned with
project. Assumes legal responsibility for work and is licensed by state.
018.167-022 MANAGER, LAND SURVEYING (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates work of survey parties, and
related staff, engaged in surveying earth's surface and preparing reports and legal descriptions of
land: Develops organization policy or interprets it to staff. Prepares or approves budget for unit
or organization within assigned area of responsibility. Coordinates work of LAND SURVEYOR
(profess. & kin.) with that of legal, engineering, architectural, and other staff on project. Directs
survey parties and projects, and reviews and certifies completed work to satisfy legal
requirements. Writes or directs the writing of descriptions of land to satisfy legal requirements
according to standard surveying practices. Appears as expert witness in court in cases involving
land or boundary disputes. Monitors new technology, and evaluates and purchases or authorizes
purchase of new equipment and supplies. Selects new staff for employment and takes
disciplinary action when necessary. Assumes legal responsibility for work performed and is
licensed by state.
018.167-026 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, coordinates, and directs activities of workers concerned
with conducting aerial surveys and preparing topographic materials from aerial photographs and
other data: Analyzes survey objectives and specifications, utilizing knowledge of survey uses,
such as municipal and ecological planning, property and utility mapping, and petroleum and
mineral exploration. Selects most appropriate and economical survey methods, using knowledge
of capabilities of aerial photography and applications of remote sensing (imagery through
electronic scanning). Estimates cost of survey. Advises customers and department supervisors
regarding flights for aerial photography and plans for ground surveys designed to establish base
lines, elevations, and other geodetic measurements. Prepares charts and tables for aerial
navigation, to specify flight path, altitude, and airspeed of camera-carrying aircraft. Computes
geodetic measurements and interprets survey data from ground or aerial photographs or
remote-sensing images to determine position, shape, and elevation of geomorphic and
topographic features. Conducts research in surveying and mapping methods and procedures,
using knowledge of techniques of photogrammetric map compilation, electronic data processing,
and flight and control planning. May direct one or more phases of technical operations concerned
with preparing survey proposals, negotiating with clients, scheduling activities, conducting
surveys, processing data, reviewing work quality, and training and assigning personnel.
018.167-030 SUPERVISOR, MAPPING (petrol. & gas; pipe lines)
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
mapping production areas of petroleum or natural gas company: Supervises drafting personnel in
drafting maps used for exploration, leasing of lands, and construction and operation of
production facilities, such as pumping stations, storage tanks, drilling derricks, and pipelines.
Reviews completed maps for neatness and accuracy. May supervise production of blueprints,
photostats, and photographs.
018.167-034 SURVEYOR ASSISTANT, INSTRUMENTS (profess. & kin.)
Obtains data pertaining to angles, elevations, points, and
contours used for construction, map making, mining, or other purposes, using alidade, level,
transit, plane table, Theodolite, electronic distance measuring equipment, and other surveying
instruments. Compiles notes, sketches, and records of data obtained and work performed. Directs
work of subordinate members of survey team. Performs other duties relating to surveying work
as directed by CHIEF OF PARTY (profess. & kin.).
018.167-038 SURVEYOR, GEODETIC (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, or conducts surveys of land areas of such size
that shape and size of earth exerts sufficient influence on survey measurements to require use of
special high-accuracy techniques, including astronomical observations and complex
computations to compile data used in preparation of geodetic maps and charts.
018.167-042 SURVEYOR, GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas)
Locates and marks sites selected for conducting geophysical
prospecting activities concerned with locating subsurface earth formations likely to contain
petroleum deposits. Makes precise determinations of elevations and records other characteristics
of terrain. May obtain permits for prospecting from property owner.
018.167-046 SURVEYOR, MARINE (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: surveyor, hydrographic
Makes surveys of harbors, rivers, and other bodies of water to
determine shore lines, topography of bottom, or other items for such purposes as determining
navigable channels, and securing data for construction of breakwaters, piers, and other marine
structures.
018.261-010 DRAFTER, CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: map maker; mapper
Draws maps of geographical areas to show natural and
constructed features, political boundaries, and other features, performing duties described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title: Analyzes survey data, source maps and photographs,
computer or automated mapping products, and other records to determine location and names of
features. Studies legal records to establish boundaries of properties, and local, national, and
international areas of political, economic, social, or other significance. Geological maps are
drawn by DRAFTER, GEOLOGICAL (petrol. & gas).
018.261-018 EDITOR, MAP (profess. & kin.)
Verifies accuracy and completeness of topographical maps
from aerial photographs and specifications: Views photographs and other reference materials,
such as old maps and records and examines corresponding area of map to verify correct
identification of specified topographical features and accuracy of contour lines. Verifies correct
location and accuracy of scaled distances between control points and reference lines. Examines
reference materials to detect omission of topographical features, poor register, or other defects in
photography or draftsmanship. Marks errors and makes corrections, such as numbering grid lines
or lettering names of rivers or towns.
018.261-022 MOSAICIST (profess. & kin.)
Lays out and matches aerial photographs to form
photographic mosaic of geographic area for subsequent use in photogrammetric activities, such
as topographical mapping: Lays out photographic prints on table according to sequence in which
photographs were taken during flightpath of aircraft. Examines prints to locate established
landmarks and notes absence of normal overlap of adjacent prints indicating deflection of aircraft
from prescribed flightpath. Locates and marks specified reference points, such as structures and
highway or rail junctions. Computes and measures scaled distances between reference points to
establish exact relative position of adjoining prints. Trims excess from edges of overlapping
prints and glues prints to backing board, maintaining scaled distances between reference points
and alignment of adjoining prints.
018.261-026 PHOTOGRAMMETRIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: cartographic technician
Analyzes source data and prepares mosaic prints, contour
maps, profile sheets, and related cartographic materials requiring technical mastery of
photogrammetric techniques and principles: Prepares original maps, charts, and drawings, from
aerial photographs, and survey data and applies standard mathematical formulas and
photogrammetric techniques to identify, scale, and orient geodetic points, elevations, and other
planimetric or topographic features and cartographic detail. Graphically delineates aerial
photographic detail, such as control points, hydrography, topography, and cultural features, using
precision stereoplotting apparatus or drafting instruments. Revises existing maps and charts and
corrects maps in various stages of compilation. May prepare rubber, plastic, or plaster
three-dimensional relief models.
018.262-010 FIELD-MAP EDITOR (profess. & kin.)
Identifies and verifies information shown on aerial
photographs used in map making: Travels over photographed area to observe and record all
cultural and drainage features shown and not shown on photograph. Verifies numbers, names,
and classes of roads and highways, location and number of railroads, location of state and county
lines, and location and identification of streams, rivers, lakes, schools, and major buildings.
Marks observations on map overlay, using specified symbols. Determines elevation of hills,
trees, and buildings, using geometry. Obtains boundary and other official information from
county records. May use stereoscope to combine information from two aerial maps.
018.281-010 STEREO-PLOTTER OPERATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: stereo operator; stereoptic projection topographer
Draws topographical maps from aerial photographs, using
instruments that produce simultaneous projections of two photographs, taken from different
positions, in manner that permits stereoscopic viewing for delineation of planimetric detail and
drawing of contours: Orients plotting instruments to form three-dimensional stereo image. Views
stereoscopic image by using anaglyphic, binocular, or image alternator techniques. Determines
contour interval and vertical scale of image, using mathematical table. Traces contours and
topographical details to produce map.
019 OCCUPATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING, AND SURVEYING, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with the application of the theoretical and practical aspects of engineering and architecture.
019.061-010 BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into biological aspects of humans or other
animals to develop new theories and facts, or test, prove, or modify known theories of life
systems, and to design life-support apparatus, utilizing principles of engineering and
bio-behavioral sciences: Plans and conducts research concerning behavioral, biological,
psychological, or other life systems. Studies engineering aspects of bio-behavioral systems of
humans, utilizing knowledge of electrical, mechanical, chemical, or other engineering principles
and knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. Develops $T3mathematical models$T1 to
simulate human bio-behavioral systems in order to obtain data for measuring or controlling life
processes, utilizing knowledge of computer, graphics, and other related technologies. Designs
and develops instruments and devices, such as artificial organs, cardiac pacemakers, or ultrasonic
imaging devices, capable of assisting medical or other health-care personnel in observing,
repairing, or treating physical ailments or deformities, using knowledge of materials compatible
with body tissues, energy exchanges within the body, and instrumentation capable of measuring
and controlling body functions. May specialize in design and development of biomedical
equipment used by medical facilities and be known as Clinical Engineer (profess. & kin.).
019.061-014 MATERIALS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates technical and economic factors, recommending
engineering and manufacturing actions for attainment of design objectives of process or product
by applying knowledge of material science and related technologies: Reviews plans for new
product and factors, such as strength, weight, and cost to submit material selection
recommendations ensuring attainment of design objectives. Plans and implements laboratory
operations to develop material and fabrication procedures for new materials to fulfill product cost
and performance standards. Confers with producers of materials, such as metals, ceramics, or
polymers, during investigation and evaluation of materials suitable for specific product
applications. Reviews product failure data and interprets laboratory tests and analyses to
establish or rule out material and process causes.
019.061-018 OPTICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: optical designer
Designs optical systems with specific characteristics to fit
within specified physical limits of precision optical instruments, such as still- and motion-picture
cameras, lens systems, telescopes, and viewing and display devices: Determines specifications
for operations and makes adjustments to calibrate and obtain specified operational performance.
Determines proper operation of optical system and makes adjustments to perfect system. Designs
mounts for components to hold them in proper planes in relation to each other and instrument in
which they will be used. Designs inspection instruments to test optical systems for defects, such
as aberrations and deviations. May work with electrical and mechanical engineering staff to
develop overall design of optical system.
019.061-022 ORDNANCE ENGINEER (chemical; ordnance)
Designs, tests, and coordinates development of explosive
ordnance material to meet military procurement specifications and to prepare project proposals
for negotiating production contracts: Participates in discussions with military authorities to
determine characteristics desired in explosive material, nature of target objective, and type of
delivery system to be used. Prepares or directs preparation of design drawings and specifications
for approval by procurement authorities, according to knowledge of explosives and plastics
chemistry, ballistics theory, fuse technology, metallurgy, electronics, fluidics, and techniques of
efficient production. Tests sample shells, warheads, or similar material under simulated military
conditions [PROOF TECHNICIAN (ordnance)]. Evaluates tests to determine acceptability of
ordnance items or need for redesign. Presents findings orally and in writing to procurement
authorities and demonstrates successful designs on proving ground. May negotiate procurement
contracts. May coordinate pilot or serial production of ordnance items. May participate in
development of delivery systems, fire-control components, and nonexplosive material. May be
designated according to type of ordnance item developed.
019.061-026 RELIABILITY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes preliminary engineering-design concepts of major
product, such as aircraft, naval vessel, or electronic communication or control system to
recommend design or test methods for attaining customer-specified operational reliability, using
knowledge of reliability engineering and other technologies: Analyzes preliminary plans and
develops reliability engineering program to achieve customer reliability objectives. Analyzes
projected product utilization and calculates cumulative effect on final system reliability of
individual part reliabilities. Drafts $T3failure mode and effect analysis$T1 sheets or formulates
$T3mathematical models,$T1 using computer-aided engineering equipment, to identify units
posing excessive failure risks and support proposed changes in design. Enters data to simulate
electrical inputs, transient conditions, temperature, stress, and other factors to develop computer
models, and analyzes and adjusts design to predict and improve system reliability. Advises and
confers with engineers in design review meetings to give reliability findings and
recommendations. Determines units requiring environmental testing and specifies minimum
number of samples to obtain statistically valid data. Reviews subcontractors' proposals for
reliability program and submits evaluation for decision. Reviews engineering specifications and
drawings, proposing design modifications to improve reliability within cost and other
performance requirements. Observes conduct of tests at supplier, plant, or field locations to
evaluate reliability factors, such as numbers and causes of unit failures. Monitors failure data
generated by customer using product to ascertain potential requirement for product improvement.
019.081-010 MAINTAINABILITY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes engineering design of proposed product, such as
aircraft, naval vessel, or electronic control or navigation system, and submits specifications for
maintenance requirements, utilizing knowledge of maintainability engineering and related
technologies: Analyzes customer's initial proposal for product utilization and recommends basic
product specifications and techniques for satisfying customer requirements. Reviews engineering
specifications and drawings during development and proposes design refinements to improve
ratio of operational time to maintenance time. Participates in engineering discussions concerning
design alternatives effecting product maintainability. Determines crew makeup, training
requirements, and maintenance time by evaluating data from tests and maintainability programs
of related products. Reviews subcontractor's technical practices for assuring maintainability of
equipment and parts and submits evaluation for management decision. Specifies standardized
tests or drafts new test programs for demonstrating product maintainability in company or
supplier test. Observes maintainability tests at supplier and plant locations to verify operations
are conducted according to standards.
019.081-014 PHOTOGRAPHIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: photo-optical instrumentation engineer
Designs and constructs special-purpose photographic
equipment and materials for use in scientific or industrial applications, utilizing knowledge of
various engineering disciplines, chemistry, and photographic equipment and techniques. Plans
setup of equipment, specific procedures, and materials needed to meet data acquisition and
measurement requirements. May advise others in such fields as high speed photography,
radiography, graphic arts, and aerial and space photography.
019.081-018 POLLUTION-CONTROL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and conducts engineering studies to analyze and
evaluate pollution problems, methods of pollution control, and methods of testing pollution
sources to determine physiochemical nature and concentration of contaminants: Reviews data
collected by POLLUTION-CONTROL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) from pollution emission
sources. Performs engineering calculations to determine pollution emissions from various
industrial sources and to evaluate effectiveness of pollution control equipment. Reviews
compliance schedules and inspection reports to ensure compliance with pollution control
regulations. Recommends issuance or denial of permits for industries to construct or operate
facilities. Advises enforcement personnel of noncompliance or unsatisfactory compliance with
regulations. Develops or modifies techniques for monitoring pollution. Calibrates and adjusts
pollution control monitors to ensure accurate functioning of instruments. May be designated
according to specialty as Air-Pollution Engineer (profess. & kin.); Noise-Abatement Engineer
(profess. & kin.); Water Quality-Control Engineer (profess. & kin.).
019.161-010 SUPERVISOR, ESTIMATOR AND DRAFTER (utilities)
Supervises ESTIMATORS AND DRAFTERS (utilities) in
drawing up specifications, instructions, and cost estimates for installation of gas or
electric-power distribution systems: Studies work orders or construction proposals and selects
appropriate survey procedures and schedules work assignments. Reviews completed construction
drawings and cost estimates for accuracy and conformity to standards and regulations. Confers
with engineers and subordinates and assists in field surveys to resolve problems. Directs
maintenance of files of blueprints, maps, construction sketches, cost estimates, and related
records.
019.161-014 TEST TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares specifications for fabrication, assembly, and
installation of apparatus and control instrumentation used to test experimental or prototype
mechanical, electrical, electromechanical, hydromechanical, or structural products, and conducts
tests and records results, utilizing engineering principles and test technology: Confers with
engineering personnel to resolve fabrication problems relating to specifications and to review test
plans, such as types and cycles of tests, conditions under which tests are to be conducted, and
duration of tests. Fabricates precision parts for test apparatus, using metalworking machines such
as lathes, milling machines, and welding equipment, or interprets specifications for workers
fabricating parts. Examines parts for conformance with dimensional specifications, using
precision measuring instruments. Coordinates and participates in installing unit or system to be
tested in test fixtures, connecting valves, pumps, hydraulic, mechanical or electrical controls,
cabling, tubing, power source, and indicating instruments. Activates controls to apply electrical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical power and subject test item to successive steps in test cycle.
Monitors controls and instruments and records test data for engineer's use. May recommend
changes in test methods or equipment for engineering review. Workers are classified according
to engineering specialty or type of product tested.
019.167-010 LOGISTICS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: logistics specialist
Directs and coordinates program activities designed to
provide subcontractors, management, and customers with logistics technology that ensures
effective and economical support concerned for manufacturing or servicing of products, systems,
or equipment: Analyzes contractual commitments, customer specifications, design changes, and
other data to plan and develop logistic program activities from conceptual stage through
life-cycle of product. Develops and implements program activities, coordinates efforts of
subcontractors, production departments, and field service personnel, and resolves problems in
area of logistics to ensure meeting of contractual commitments. Develops and initiates
preparation of handbooks, bulletins, and information systems to provide and supply logistics
support. Compiles data on standardization and interchangeability of parts to expedite logistics
activities. Determines logistic support sequences and time phasing, problems arising from
location of operational area, and other factors, such as environmental and human factors affecting
personnel. May perform special research or technical studies critical to logistic support functions.
May utilize computer techniques for analysis, simulation or information systems and
documentation.
019.167-014 PROJECT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: chief engineer
Directs, coordinates, and exercises functional authority for
planning, organization, control, integration, and completion of engineering project within area of
assigned responsibility: Plans and formulates engineering program and organizes project staff
according to project requirements. Assigns project personnel to specific phases or aspects of
project, such as technical studies, product design, preparation of specifications and technical
plans, and product testing, in accordance with engineering disciplines of staff. Reviews product
design for compliance with engineering principles, company standards, customer contract
requirements, and related specifications. Coordinates activities concerned with technical
developments, scheduling, and resolving engineering design and test problems. Directs
integration of technical activities and products. Evaluates and approves design changes,
specifications, and drawing releases. Controls expenditures within limitations of project budget.
Prepares interim and completion project reports.
019.167-018 RESOURCE-RECOVERY ENGINEER (government ser.)
Plans and participates in activities concerned with study,
development, and inspection of solid-waste resource recovery systems and marketability of
solid-waste recovery products: Conducts studies of chemical and mechanical solid-waste
recovery processes and system designs to evaluate efficiency and cost-effectiveness of proposed
operations. Inspects solid-waste resource recovery facilities to determine compliance with
regulations governing construction and use. Collects data on resource recovery systems and
analyzes alternate plans to determine most feasible systems for specific solid-waste recovery
purposes. Prepares recommendations for development of resource recovery programs, based on
analysis of alternate plans and knowledge of physical properties of various solid-waste materials.
Confers with design engineers, management personnel, and others concerned with recovery of
solid-waste resources to discuss problems and provide technical advice. Coordinates activities of
workers engaged in study of potential markets for reclaimable materials. Lectures civic and
professional organizations and provides information about practices to media representatives to
promote interest and participation in solid-waste recovery practices.
019.187-010 PACKAGING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and directs activities concerned with design and
development of protective packaging containers: Analyzes engineering drawings and
specifications of product to determine physical characteristics of item, special-handling and
safety requirements, and type of materials required for container. Consults with establishment's
purchasing and production departments to determine costs and feasibility of producing proposed
packaging. Develops or directs development of sketches, specifications, samples, and written
analyses of proposed packaging in order to present design for approval. May confer with
customers or sales representatives to draw up contracts. May advise employer or customers on
efficient packing procedures, innovations in packaging materials, and utilization of sealing and
fastening devices.
019.261-010 BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: biomedical electronics technician; biomedical engineering technician
Repairs, calibrates, and maintains medical equipment and
instrumentation used in health-care delivery field: Inspects and installs medical and related
technical equipment in medical and research facilities for use by physicians, nurses, scientists, or
engineers involved in researching, monitoring, diagnosing, and treating physical ailments or
dysfunctions. Services various equipment and apparatus, such as patient monitors,
electrocardiographs, blood-gas analyzers, x-ray units, defibrillators, electrosurgical units,
anesthesia apparatus, pacemakers, blood-pressure transducers, spirometers, sterilizers, diathermy
equipment, in-house television systems, patient-care computers, and other related technical
paraphernalia. Repairs, calibrates, and maintains equipment, using handtools, power tools,
measuring devices, and knowledge of manufacturers' manuals, troubleshooting techniques, and
preventive-maintenance schedules. Safety-tests medical equipment and health-care facility's
structural environment to ensure patient and staff safety from electrical or mechanical hazards.
Consults with medical or research staff to ascertain that equipment functions properly and safely,
utilizing knowledge of electronics, medical terminology, human anatomy and physiology,
chemistry, and physics. May demonstrate and explain correct operation of equipment to medical
personnel. May modify or develop instruments or devices, under supervision of medical or
engineering staff. May work as salesperson or service technician for equipment manufacturers or
their sales representatives.
019.261-014 ESTIMATOR AND DRAFTER (utilities) alternate titles: detail and lay-out drafter; distribution estimator; lay-out and detail drafter
Draws up specifications and instructions for installation of
voltage transformers, overhead or underground cables, and related electrical equipment used to
conduct electrical energy from transmission lines or high-voltage distribution lines to consumers:
Studies work order request to determine type of service, such as lighting or power, demanded by
installation. Visits site of proposed installation and draws rough sketch of location. Takes
measurements, such as street dimensions, distances to be spanned by wire and cable, or space
available in existing buildings and underground vaults which affect installation and arrangement
of equipment. Estimates materials, equipment, and incidentals needed for installation. Draws
master sketch showing relation of proposed installation to existing facilities. Makes other
drawings, such as pertaining to wiring connections or cross sections of underground cables, as
required for instructions to installation crew. Consults POWER-DISTRIBUTION ENGINEER
(utilities) 003.167-046 on difficulties encountered. May draft sketches to scale [DRAFTER,
ELECTRICAL (profess. & kin.) 003.281-010]. May estimate labor and material costs, using
pricelists and records on previous projects. May inspect completed installation of electrical
equipment and related building circuitry to verify conformance with specifications. May perform
duties of LAND SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.) 018.167-018 and prepare specifications and
diagrams for installation of gas distribution pipes owned by gas-electric utility.
019.261-018 FACILITIES PLANNER (any industry) alternate titles: office-planning representative
Plans utilization of space and facilities for government
agency or unit or business establishment consistent with requirements of organizational
efficiency and available facilities and funds: Inspects buildings and office areas to evaluate
suitability for occupancy, considering such factors as air circulation, lighting, location, and size.
Measures or directs workers engaged in measurement of facilities to determine total square
footage available for occupancy. Computes square footage available for each member of staff to
determine whether minimum space restrictions can be met. Draws design layout, showing
location of furniture, equipment, doorways, electrical and telephone outlets, and other facilities.
May review real estate contracts for compliance with government specifications and suitability
for occupancy of employing agency. May direct workers engaged in moving furniture and
equipment and preparing facilities for occupancy.
019.261-022 TEST TECHNICIAN (agric. equip.)
Tests experimental and production agricultural equipment,
such as tractors and power mowers and components to evaluate their performance, using test
equipment and recording instruments: Reads data sheet denoting operating specification for unit
or component and type of evaluation required. Tests unit for conformance with operating
requirements, such as resistance to vibration, specified horsepower, and tensile strength and
hardness of parts, using test equipment, such as bend-fatigue machine, dynamometer, strength
tester, hardness tester, analytical balance, and electronic recorder. Records data from dial
readings and graphs and computes values, such as horse-power and tensile strength, using
algebraic formulas. Operates unit to evaluate attachment performance, such as depth of tillage or
harvesting capabilities for different types of crops. Draws sketches and describes test procedures
and results in test data log.
019.261-026 FIRE-PROTECTION ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Designs and drafts plans and estimates costs for installation of
fire protection systems for facilities and structures, applying knowledge of drafting, physical
science, engineering principles, and fire protection codes: Analyzes blueprints and specifications
prepared by ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.) 001.061-010 to determine dimensions of system to
meet fire protection codes. Determines design and size of system components, using calculator or
computer. Drafts detailed drawing of system to ensure conformance to specifications and
applicable codes. May negotiate relocation of system components with SUPERINTENDENT,
CONSTRUCTION (construction) 182.167-026 to resolve conflicts of co-location with other
systems. May inspect fire-damaged structures to detect malfunctions. May specialize in one type
of fire protection system, such as foam, water, dry chemical, or vaporous gas or specialize in one
type of establishment, such as construction, insurance, or government.
019.261-030 LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (auto. mfg.)
Tests chemical and physical properties of materials used in
manufacturing or assembling motor vehicles: Performs standard chemical and physical tests on
parts, solutions, and materials used in producing motor vehicles, using conventional and
computerized machines and work aids. Conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses to
determine chemical and physical properties of experimental and developmental materials
[LABORATORY TESTER (any industry) 029.261-010].
019.261-034 LASER TECHNICIAN (electron. comp.; inst. & app.)
Constructs and tests prototype gas or solid-state laser devices,
applying theory and principles of laser engineering and electronic circuits: Reviews project
instructions, such as assembly layout, blueprints, and sketches, and confers with engineering
personnel to clarify laser device specifications. Interprets production details, such as dimensions
and functional requirements, for workers engaged in grinding mirror blanks, coating mirror
surfaces, and machining metal parts. Installs and aligns optical parts, such as mirrors and
waveplates, in laser body, using precision instruments. Turns controls of vacuum pump and gas
transfer equipment to purge, evacuate, and fill laser body with specified volume and pressure of
gases, such as helium, neon, or carbon dioxide, to test laser beam. Assembles completed laser
body in chassis, and installs and aligns electronic components, tubing, and wiring to connect
controls, such as valves, regulators, dials, and switches. Sets up precision electronic and optical
instruments to test laser device, using specified electrical or optical inputs. Tests laser for gas
leaks, using leak detector. Analyzes test data and reports results to engineering personnel. May
prepare and write technical reports to recommend solutions to technical problems.
019.267-010 SPECIFICATION WRITER (profess. & kin.)
Interprets architectural or engineering plans and prepares
material lists and specifications to be used as standards by plant employees or contracting
personnel in material processing or in manufacturing or construction activities: Analyzes plans
and diagrams, or observes and makes notes on material processing, to determine material and
material processing specifications, or specifications for manufacturing or construction activities.
Writes technical descriptions specifying material qualities and properties, utilizing knowledge of
material standards, industrial processes, and manufacturing procedures. May draw rough
sketches or arrange for finished drawings or photographs to illustrate specified materials or
assembly sequence. Workers usually specialize and are designated according to engineering
specialization, product, or process.
019.281-010 CALIBRATION LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (aircraft mfg.; electron. comp.) alternate titles: engineering laboratory technician; quality assurance calibrator; standards laboratory technician; test equipment certification technician
Tests, calibrates, and repairs electrical, mechanical,
electromechanical, and electronic measuring, recording, and indicating instruments and
equipment for conformance to established standards, and assists in formulating calibration
standards: Plans sequence of testing and calibration procedures for instruments and equipment,
according to blueprints, schematics, technical manuals, and other specifications. Sets up standard
and special purpose laboratory equipment to test, evaluate, and calibrate other instruments and
test equipment. Disassembles instruments and equipment, using handtools, and inspects
components for defects. Measures parts for conformity with specifications, using micrometers,
calipers, and other precision instruments. Aligns, repairs, replaces, and balances component parts
and circuitry. Reassembles and calibrates instruments and equipment. Devises formulas to solve
problems in measurements and calibrations. Assists engineers in formulating test, calibration,
repair, and evaluation plans and procedures to maintain precision accuracy of measuring,
recording, and indicating instruments and equipment.
02 OCCUPATIONS IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES This division includes occupations concerned with research pertaining to the physical universe, and the application of established mathematical and scientific laws and principles to specific problems and situations.
020 OCCUPATIONS IN MATHEMATICS This group includes occupations concerned with the development of methodology in mathematics, statistics, and actuarial science; and the application of original and standardized mathematical techniques to the solution of problems in the social and physical sciences, engineering, and business.
020.067-014 MATHEMATICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in fundamental mathematics and in
application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields, and solves or
directs solutions to problems in various fields by mathematical methods: Conducts research in
such branches of mathematics as algebra, geometry, number theory, logic, and topology, and
studies and tests hypotheses and alternative theories. Conceives and develops ideas for
application of mathematics to wide variety of fields, including science, engineering, military
planning, electronic data processing, and management. Applies mathematics or mathematical
methods to solution of problems in research, development, production, logistics, and other
functional areas, utilizing knowledge of subject or field to which applied, such as physics,
engineering, astronomy, biology, economics, business and industrial management, or
cryptography. Performs computations, applies methods of numerical analysis, and operates or
directs operation of desk calculators and mechanical and electronic computation machines,
analyzers, and plotters in solving problems in support of mathematical, scientific, or industrial
research activity. Acts as advisor or consultant to research personnel concerning mathematical
methods and applications. May be designated according to function as Mathematician, Applied
(profess. & kin.); Mathematician, Research (profess. & kin.).
020.067-018 OPERATIONS-RESEARCH ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts analyses of management and operational problems
and formulates mathematical or simulation models of problem for solution by computers or other
methods: Analyzes problem in terms of management information and conceptualizes and defines
problem. Studies information and selects plan from competitive proposals that affords maximum
probability of profit or effectiveness in relation to cost or risk. Prepares model of problem in
form of one or several equations that relates constants and variables, restrictions, alternatives,
conflicting objectives and their numerical parameters. Defines data requirements and gathers and
validates information applying judgment and statistical tests. Specifies manipulative or
computational methods to be applied to model. Performs validation and testing of model to
ensure adequacy, or determines need for reformulation. Prepares reports to management defining
problem, evaluation, and possible solution. Evaluates implementation and effectiveness of
research. May design, conduct, and evaluate experimental operational models where insufficient
data exists to formulate model. May specialize in research and preparation of contract proposals
specifying competence of organization to perform research, development, or production work.
May develop and apply time and cost networks, such as Program Evaluation and Review
Techniques (PERT), to plan and control large projects. May work in association with engineers,
scientists, and management personnel in business, government, health, transportation, energy,
manufacturing, environmental sciences or other technologies.
020.067-022 STATISTICIAN, MATHEMATICAL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: statistician, theoretical
Conducts research into mathematical theories and proofs that
form basis of science of statistics and develops statistical methodology: Examines theories, such
as those of probability and inference, to discover mathematical bases for new or improved
methods of obtaining and evaluating numerical data. Develops and tests experimental designs,
sampling techniques, and analytical methods, and prepares recommendations concerning their
utilization in statistical surveys, experiments, and tests. Investigates, evaluates, and prepares
reports on applicability, efficiency, and accuracy of statistical methods used by physical and
social scientists, including STATISTICIANS, APPLIED (profess. & kin.), in obtaining and
evaluating data.
020.162-010 MATHEMATICAL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: data-reduction technician
Applies standardized mathematical formulas, principles, and
methodology to technological problems in engineering and physical sciences in relation to
specific industrial and research objectives, processes, equipment and products: Confers with
professional, scientific, and engineering personnel to plan project. Analyzes raw data from
computer or recorded on photographic film or other media. Selects most practical and accurate
combination and sequence of computational methods, using algebra, trigonometry, geometry,
vector analysis and calculus to reduce raw data to meaningful and manageable terms. Selects
most economical and reliable combination of manual, mechanical, or data processing methods
and equipment consistent with data reduction requirements. Modifies standard formulas to
conform to data processing method selected. Translates data into numerical values, equations,
flow charts, graphs or other media. Analyzes processed data to detect errors. May operate
calculator or computer.
020.167-010 ACTUARY (profess. & kin.)
Applies knowledge of mathematics, probability, statistics,
principles of finance and business to problems in life, health, social, and casualty insurance,
annuities, and pensions: Determines mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates;
constructs probability tables regarding fire, natural disasters, and unemployment, based on
analysis of statistical data and other pertinent information. Designs or reviews insurance and
pension plans and calculates premiums. Ascertains premium rates required and cash reserves and
liabilities necessary to ensure payment of future benefits. Determines equitable basis for
distributing surplus earnings under participating insurance and annuity contracts in mutual
companies. May specialize in one type of insurance and be designated Actuary, Casualty
(profess. & kin.); Actuary, Life (profess. & kin.).
020.167-026 STATISTICIAN, APPLIED (profess. & kin.)
Plans data collection, and analyzes and interprets numerical
data from experiments, studies, surveys, and other sources and applies statistical methodology to
provide information for scientific research and statistical analysis: Plans methods to collect
information and develops questionnaire techniques according to survey design. Conducts surveys
utilizing sampling techniques or complete enumeration bases. Evaluates reliability of source
information, adjusts and weighs raw data, and organizes results into form compatible with
analysis by computers or other methods. Presents numerical information by computer readouts,
graphs, charts, tables, written reports or other methods. Describes sources of information, and
limitations on reliability and usability. May analyze and interpret statistics to point up significant
differences in relationships among sources of information, and prepare conclusions and forecasts
based on data summaries. May specialize in specific aspect of statistics or industrial activity
reporting and be designated by specialty as Demographer (profess. & kin.) I; Statistician,
Analytical (profess. & kin.); Statistician, Engineering And Physical Science (profess. & kin.).
020.167-030 WEIGHT ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: weight engineer
Analyzes and calculates weight data of structural assemblies,
components, and loads for purposes of weight, balance, loading, and operational functions of
ships, aircraft, space vehicles, missiles, research instrumentation, and commercial and industrial
products and systems: Studies weight factors involved in new designs or modifications, utilizing
computer techniques for analysis and simulation. Analyzes data and prepares reports of weight
distribution estimates for use in design studies. Confers with design engineering personnel in
such departments as preliminary design, structures, aerodynamics, and sub-systems to ensure
coordination of weight, balance, and load specifications with other phases of product
development. Weighs parts, assemblies, or completed product, estimates weight of parts from
engineering drawings, and calculates weight distribution to determine balance. Prepares reports
or graphic data for designers when weight and balance requires engineering changes. Prepares
technical reports on mass moments of inertia, static and dynamic balance, dead weight
distributions, cargo and fuselage compartments, and fuel center of gravity travel. May prepare
cargo and equipment loading sequences to maintain balance of aircraft or space vehicle within
specified load limits. May analyze various systems, structures, and support equipment designs to
obtain information on most efficient compromise between weight, operations, and cost. May
conduct research and analysis to develop new techniques for weights estimating criteria.
021 OCCUPATIONS IN ASTRONOMY This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of celestial phenomena to increase basic scientific knowledge, or for practical application in such fields as navigation and guidance. Also includes occupations concerned with the visual and instrumental observation of astronomical phenomena and the recording and evaluation of data.
021.067-010 ASTRONOMER (profess. & kin.)
Observes and interprets celestial phenomena and relates
research to basic scientific knowledge or to practical problems, such as navigation: Studies
celestial phenomena by means of optical, radio, or other telescopes, equipped with such devices
as cameras, spectrometers, radiometers, photometers, and micrometers, which may either be on
ground or carried above atmosphere with balloons, rockets, satellites, or space probes. Interprets
information obtained in terms of basic physical laws. Determines sizes, shapes, brightness,
spectra, and motions, and computes positions of sun, moon, planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies.
Calculates orbits of various celestial bodies. Determines exact time by celestial observations, and
conducts research into relationships between time and space. Develops mathematical tables
giving positions of sun, moon, planets, and stars at given times for use by air and sea navigators.
Conducts research on statistical theory of motions of celestial bodies. Analyzes wave lengths of
radiation from celestial bodies, as observed in all ranges of spectrum. Studies history, structure,
extent, and evolution of stars, stellar systems, and universe. May design new and improved
optical, mechanical, and electronics instruments for astronomical research. May specialize in
either observational or theoretical aspects of stellar astronomy, stellar astrophysics, interstellar
medium, galactic structure, extragalactic astronomy, or cosmology.
022 OCCUPATIONS IN CHEMISTRY This group includes occupations concerned with research and development in the chemical and physical properties and compositional changes of substances. Specialization generally occurs in one or more branches of chemistry, such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry and analytical chemistry. Chemistry specializations within the field of environmental control are also included here. Occupations concerned with biochemistry are found in Group 041.
022.061-010 CHEMIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research, analysis, synthesis, and experimentation
on substances, for such purposes as product and process development and application,
quantitative and qualitative analysis, and improvement of analytical methodologies: Devises new
equipment, and develops formulas, processes, and methods for solution of technical problems.
Analyzes organic and inorganic compounds to determine chemical and physical properties,
utilizing such techniques as chromatography, spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry. Induces
changes in composition of substances by introduction of heat, light, energy, and chemical
catalysts. Conducts research on manufactured products to develop and improve products.
Conducts research into composition, structure, properties, relationships, and reactions of matter.
Confers with scientists and engineers regarding research, and prepares technical papers and
reports. Prepares standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, and tests. May be
designated according to chemistry specialty as Chemist, Analytical (profess. & kin.); Chemist,
Inorganic (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Organic (profess. & kin.); Chemist Physical (profess. & k
in.).
022.061-014 CHEMIST, FOOD (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research and analysis concerning chemistry of
foods to develop and improve foods and beverages: Experiments with natural and synthetic
materials or byproducts to develop new foods, additives, preservatives, anti-adulteration agents,
and related products. Studies effects of various methods of processing, preservation, and
packaging on composition and properties of foods, such as color, texture, aroma, taste, shelf life,
and nutritive content. Tests food and beverage samples, such as starch, sugar, cereals, beer,
canned and dehydrated food products, meats, vegetables, dairy foods, and other products to
ensure compliance with food laws, and standards of quality and purity. May perform, or
supervise workers performing, quality control tests in food processing, canning, freezing,
brewing or distilling. May specialize in particular food or process.
022.081-010 TOXICOLOGIST (pharmaceut.)
Conducts research on toxic effects of cosmetic products and
ingredients on laboratory animals for manufacturer of cosmetics: Applies cosmetic ingredient or
cosmetic being developed to exposed shaved skin area of test animal and observes and examines
skin periodically for possible development of abnormalities, inflammation, or irritation. Injects
ingredient into test animal, using hypodermic needle and syringe, and periodically observes
animal for signs of toxicity. Injects antidotes to determine which antidote best neutralizes toxic
effects. Tests and analyzes blood samples for presence of toxic conditions, using microscope and
laboratory test equipment. Dissects dead animals, using surgical instruments, and examines
organs to determine effects of cosmetic ingredients being tested. Prepares formal reports of test
results.
022.137-010 LABORATORY SUPERVISOR (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of personnel engaged in
performing chemical and physical tests required for quality control of processes and products:
Directs and advises personnel in special test procedures to analyze components and physical
properties of materials. Compiles and analyzes test information to determine operating efficiency
of process or equipment and to diagnose malfunctions. Confers with scientists or engineers to
conduct analyses, interpret test results, or develop nonstandard tests. Performs other duties as
described under SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title. May adjust formulas and processes
based on test results. May test and analyze sample products. May prepare test solutions,
compounds, and reagents for use by laboratory personnel in conducting tests. May conduct
research to develop custom products and investigate complaints on existing products.
022.161-010 CHEMICAL LABORATORY CHIEF (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: chief chemist; director, chemical laboratory
Plans and directs activities of chemical laboratory in
industrial, research, governmental, or other organization: Plans, coordinates, and directs
programs for research, product development, improvement of manufacturing processes; or for
analysis and testing of substances to support criminal investigations, to detect toxins, or to verify
composition of manufactured and agricultural products, and natural resources, such as air, soil,
and water. Coordinates research and analysis activities according to applicable government
regulations, manufacturing processes, or other considerations, and approves modification of
formulas, standards, specifications, and processes. Reviews research, testing, quality control, and
other operational reports to ensure that quality standards, efficiency, and schedules are met.
Interprets results of laboratory activities to laboratory personnel, management, and professional
and technical societies, and prepares reports and technical papers. May prepare and administer
budgets. May advise and assist in obtaining patents for products, processes, or equipment.
022.161-014 COLORIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: color maker; color matcher
Develops color formulas for printing textile and plastic
materials and compares customer's sample with standard color card, or blends pigments into
vinyl solution and compares results with sample to determine formula required to duplicate
colors. Selects dyes according to properties desired by customer. Records color formula and
issues formula and mixing procedure to SUPERVISOR, COLOR-PASTE MIXING (textile) for
assignment to appropriate workers. Prepares color sequence chart to guide CLOTH PRINTER
(any industry) in setting up printing machine. Compares printed patch with customer's sample to
verify color shade and position of design. Files folder containing color patch and formula for
each design for use as printing standard. Coordinates color shop activities with printing
department production schedule. May inspect printed material to ensure adherence to customer
and plant specifications. May mix colors. May inventory and requisition supplies.
022.161-018 PERFUMER (chemical)
Evaluates odors of aromatic chemicals to set production
standards and ensure adherence by workers engaged in compounding and finishing operations:
Directs workers engaged in preparation of work orders for compounding department and reviews
batch sheets prepared for distillation department to ensure compliance with formulas devised in
perfume laboratory. Visits compounding and distillation areas and determines, by smelling, odor
qualities of prepared materials. Approves batches for finishing, from knowledge of odor
characteristics and odor blends conforming with customer or laboratory standards. Resmells
sample in air-filtered room, using blotter strips dipped in aromatic chemicals to evaluate
fragrances for specific characteristics, such as odor, body, harmony, strength, and permanence.
Compares odor and color of current sample with samples of previous batches. Rejects batches
not meeting criteria, and notifies distillation personnel to redistill product. May devise
production formulas and be designated Creative Perfumer (chemical).
022.261-010 CHEMICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Conducts chemical and physical laboratory tests of solid
materials, liquids, and gases, and analyzes test data for variety of purposes, such as research,
product development, quality control, criminal investigation, and establishing standards,
involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences:
Sets up laboratory equipment and instrumentation required for tests, research, or process control.
Tests and analyzes products, such as food, drugs, fertilizers, plastics, paints, detergents, paper,
petroleum, and cement, to determine strength, stability, purity, chemical content, and other
characteristics. Tests and analyzes materials and substances, such as ores, minerals, gases, soil,
water, and pollutants. Documents results of tests and analyses. May prepare chemical solutions
for use in processing materials, following standardized formulas or experimental procedures.
May test and analyze radioactive and biological materials, applying knowledge of radiochemical
procedures, emission spectrometry, and related techniques.
022.261-014 MALT-SPECIFICATIONS-CONTROL ASSISTANT (beverage)
Keeps perpetual inventory of malt and barley in storage
elevators and determines formulas for blending malt: Compiles continuous records of malt and
barley supplies by location, amount, physical characteristics, and chemical analysis. Writes
orders to malt house to produce and blend standard malt types. Notifies purchasing department of
barley supplies in storage. Analyzes physical and chemical test results to classify incoming
barley shipments. Selects tanks and issues orders for storing barley and malt in elevators.
Analyzes customer orders to determine if special malt blends are needed. Determines blend
formulas, using established chemical and mathematical procedures. Mixes sample of blend by
hand, orders chemical and physical testing by laboratory, and compares results with
specifications. Sends formula and sample to malt elevators and customers.
022.261-018 CHEMIST, INSTRUMENTATION (profess. & kin.)
Conducts chemical analyses of wastewater discharges of
industrial users of municipal wastewater treatment plant to determine industrial waste surcharge
assessments and to ensure that users meet pollution control requirements: Conducts chemical
analyses of samples, using special instrumentation, such as gas chromatograph with electron
capture, flame ionization, and thermal conductivity detectors, ultraviolet-visible recording
spectrophotometer with photometry attachments, and infrared spectrophotometer. Compares
findings with industry declared data and legal requirements and notes variations to be used in
determining industrial waste surcharge assessments and to regulate industrial waste discharges.
Develops new procedures in use of equipment and procedures for analyzing samples. Directs
subordinate laboratory personnel in routine tests.
022.261-022 CHEMIST, WASTEWATER-TREATMENT PLANT (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes samples of streams, raw and treated wastewater,
sludge, and other byproducts of wastewater treatment process to determine efficiency of plant
processes and to ensure that plant effluent meets water pollution control requirements, using
standard laboratory equipment: Conducts tests for settleable solids, suspended solids, total solids,
volatile solids, volatile acids, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen demand, turbidity, and other
substances. Initiates changes in laboratory procedures and equipment in order to increase
efficiency of laboratory. Directs laboratory personnel in prescribed laboratory techniques and
performance of routine tests.
022.281-010 ASSAYER (profess. & kin.)
Tests ores and minerals and analyzes results to determine
value and properties of components, using spectrographic analysis, chemical solutions, and
chemical or laboratory equipment, such as furnaces, beakers, graduates, pipettes, and crucibles:
Separates metals or other components from dross materials by solution, flotation, or other liquid
processes, or by dry methods, such as application of heat to form slags of lead, borax, and other
impurities. Weighs residues on balance scale to determine proportion of pure gold, silver,
platinum, or other metals or components. May specialize in testing and analyzing precious metals
and be designated Gold-And-Silver Assayer (profess. & kin.).
022.281-014 CHEMIST, WATER PURIFICATION (waterworks)
Analyzes water in purification plant to control chemical
processes which soften it or make it suitable for drinking: Analyzes samples of filtered water to
ensure that quantities of solids left in suspension are below prescribed limits. Determines
amounts of liquid chlorine to be used in chlorinators to destroy microbes and other harmful
organisms, basing amounts on findings of MICROBIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.). Determines
kinds and amounts of chemicals to be used in removing minerals, acids, salts, and other
inorganic compounds from water to soften it. Tests samples extracted from various points in
distribution system, such as mains, tanks, pumps, and outlets, to discover possible sources of
water contamination.
022.281-018 LABORATORY TESTER (plastic-synth.)
Examines, measures, photographs, and tests synthetic fiber
samples to facilitate quality control of forming, treating, and texturing processes, performing any
combination of following tasks: Dips several twisted threads in melted wax and directs stream of
cold water over threads to congeal wax. Slices threads crosswise, using microtome. Dissolves
wax, using solvent, and positions thread sample on microscope slide. Inserts slide in microscope
and photographs sample, using standard microphotographic equipment and techniques.
Develops, prints, and labels photographs. Analyzes photographs to determine whether structure
and other characteristics of thread meet plant standards. Determines tensile strength of thread
samples, using device that draws material between two jaws until breakage occurs. Measures
cross-sectional area of thread samples, using planimeter. Immerses samples in water, corrosives,
or cleaning agents to detect shrinkage or damage. Places thread samples in dye bath to evaluate
permeability of dye and exposes samples to controlled light source to ascertain fade resistance.
Prepares and submits reports of findings to production personnel to facilitate quality control of
product.
022.381-010 YEAST-CULTURE DEVELOPER (beverage)
Selects and cultivates yeast cells to develop pure yeast culture
for brewing beer and malt liquors: Samples beer in fermenting stages to select specimens
containing yeast cells having specific reproduction characteristics. Prepares cover glasses and
slides with smears of yeast preparation taken from beer samples. Examines slides under
microscope to isolate specific cells and record position of cells. Incubates slides to allow colonies
of cells to form. Inoculates cells with hopped wort, using sterile needle to transfer cells from
slides to flasks containing wort. Cultivates cells in flasks by incubation and propagates single cell
cultures by transferring cells to additional flasks. Siphons developing yeast culture from flasks to
tanks and pumps yeast culture from tanks to sterile barrels. Seals barrels with sterile bung and
packs sealed barrels in dry ice to prevent yeast degeneration. Cleans and sterilizes equipment.
023 OCCUPATIONS IN PHYSICS This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of the laws of matter and energy and their application to problems in such fields as science, engineering, medicine, environment, and production.
023.061-010 ELECTRO-OPTICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research and plans development and design of gas
and solid state lasers, masers, infrared, and other light emitting and light sensitive devices:
Designs electronic circuitry and optical components with specific characteristics to fit within
specified mechanical limits and to perform according to specifications. Designs suitable mounts
for optics and power supply systems. Incorporates methods for maintenance and repair of
components and designs, and develops test instrumentation and test procedures. Confers with
engineering and technical personnel regarding fabrication and testing of prototype systems, and
modifies design as required. May conduct application analysis to determine commercial,
industrial, scientific, medical, military, or other use for electro-optical devices. May assist with
development of manufacturing, assembly, and fabrication processes.
023.061-014 PHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into phases of physical phenomena,
develops theories and laws on basis of observation and experiments, and devises methods to
apply laws and theories of physics to industry, medicine, and other fields: Performs experiments
with masers, lasers, cyclotrons, betatrons, telescopes, mass spectrometers, electron microscopes,
and other equipment to observe structure and properties of matter, transformation and
propagation of energy, relationships between matter and energy, and other physical phenomena.
Describes and expresses observations and conclusions in mathematical terms. Devises
procedures for physical testing of materials. Conducts instrumental analyses to determine
physical properties of materials. May specialize in one or more branches of physics and be
designated Physicist, Acoustics (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Astrophysics (profess. & kin.);
Physicist, Atomic, Electronic And Molecular (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Cryogenics (profess. &
kin.); Physicist, Electricity And Magnetism (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Fluids (profess. & kin.).
May be designated: Physicist, Light And Optics (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Nuclear (profess. &
kin.); Physicist, Plasma (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Solid Earth (profess. & kin.); Physicist,
Solid State (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Thermodynamics (profess. & kin.).
023.067-010 PHYSICIST, THEORETICAL (profess. & kin.)
Designs, conceives, and interprets experiments in physics and
formulates theories consistent with data obtained: Analyzes results of experiments designed to
detect and measure previously unobserved physical phenomena. Applies mathematical methods
to solution of physical problems.
024 OCCUPATIONS IN GEOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of the composition, structure, and physical and biological history of the earth's crust and the application of this knowledge in such fields as archeology, mining, construction, and environmental impact. Typical specializations are ecomonic geology, historical geology, mineralogy, mining geology, paleontology, petroleum geology, petrology, physiography, structural geology, subsurface geology.
024.061-010 CRYSTALLOGRAPHER (clock & watch)
Conducts studies of nonmetallic minerals used in horological
industry. Performs experimental research concerned with projects, such as development of
diamond tools and dies, fabrication of jeweled bearings, and development of grinding $T3laps
III$T1 and wheels. Tests industrial diamonds and abrasives to determine grain size, pattern,
crystalline orientation, goniometric features and other factors in order to appraise their suitability
for use, using optical, x-ray, and other precision instruments. Repairs diamond and abrasive
tools. Develops improved methods of fabricating silicon-carbide compounds into bearings and
investigates substitution of other materials.
024.061-014 GEODESIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies size, shape, and gravitational field of earth: Employs
surveying and geodetic instruments, such as transits, theodolites, and other engineering
instruments, in setting up and improving network of triangulation over earth's surface, in order to
provide fixed points for use in making maps. Establishes bench marks (known points of
elevation). Performs gravimetric surveying to determine variations in earth's gravitational field,
and provides data used in determination of weight, size, and mass of earth.
024.061-018 GEOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies composition, structure, and history of earth's crust:
Examines rocks, minerals, and fossil remains to identify and determine sequence of processes
affecting development of earth. Applies knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and
mathematics to explain these phenomena and to help locate mineral, geothermal, and petroleum
deposits and underground water resources. Studies ocean bottom. Applies geological knowledge
to engineering problems encountered in construction projects, such as dams, tunnels, and large
buildings. Studies fossil plants and animals to determine their evolutionary sequence and age.
Prepares geologic reports and maps, interprets research data, and recommends further study or
action. May specialize in area of study and be designated Geomorphologist (profess. & kin.);
Oceanographer, Geological (profess. & kin.); Photogeologist (profess. & kin.). May conduct or
participate in environmental studies and prepare environmental reports. Workers applying
principles of rock and soil mechanics for engineering projects may be designated Geological
Engineer (profess. & kin.). Workers applying all branches of geologic knowledge to conditions
that affect planning, design, construction, operation and safety to engineering projects may be
designated Engineering Geologist (profess. & kin.).
024.061-022 GEOLOGIST, PETROLEUM (petrol. & gas)
Explores and charts stratigraphic arrangement and structure of
earth to locate gas and oil deposits: Studies well logs, analyzes cores and cuttings from well
drillings, and interprets data obtained by electrical or radioactive well logging and other
subsurface surveys to identify earth strata. Examines aerial photographs, evaluates results of
geophysical prospecting, and prepares surface and subsurface maps and diagrams depicting
stratigraphic arrangement and composition of earth and probable deposits of gas and oil.
Recommends acquisition, retention, or release of property leases or contracts. Estimates oil
reserves in proven or prospective fields, and consults with PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (petrol.
& gas) concerning drilling and production methods. May direct drilling of shallow exploratory
wells.
024.061-026 GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTOR (petrol. & gas)
Studies structure of subsurface rock formations to locate
petroleum deposits: Conducts research, using geophysical instruments such as seismograph,
gravimeter, torsion balance, and magnetometer, pendulum devices, and electrical-resistivity
apparatus to measure characteristics of earth. Computes variations in physical forces existing at
different locations and interprets data to reveal subsurface structures likely to contain petroleum
deposits. Prepares charts, profiles or subsurface contour maps, and determines desirable locations
for drilling operations. Directs field crews drilling boreholes and collecting samples of rock and
soil for chemical analysis of hydrocarbon content. May specialize in particular instrumentation
and be designated Electrical Prospector (petrol. & gas); Gravity Prospector (petrol. & gas);
Magnetic Prospector (petrol. & gas); Seismic Prospector (petrol. & gas).
024.061-030 GEOPHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies physical aspects of earth, including its atmosphere
and hydrosphere: Investigates and measures seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal, and
magnetic forces affecting earth, utilizing principles of physics, mathematics, and chemistry.
Analyzes data obtained to compute shape of earth, estimate composition and structure of earth's
interior, determine flow pattern of ocean tides and currents, study physical properties of
atmosphere, and help locate petroleum and mineral deposits. Investigates origin and activity of
glaciers, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Compiles data to prepare navigational charts and maps,
predict atmospheric conditions, prepare environmental reports, and establish water supply and
flood-control programs. May study specific aspect of geophysics and be designated
Geomagnetician (profess. & kin.); Glaciologist (profess. & kin.); Oceanographer, Physical
(profess. & kin.); Tectonophysicist (profess. & kin.); Volcanologist (profess. & kin.).
024.061-034 HYDROLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies distribution, disposition, and development of waters
of land areas, including form and intensity of precipitation, and modes of return to ocean and
atmosphere: Maps and charts water flow and disposition of sediment. Measures changes in water
volume due to evaporation and melting of snow. Studies storm occurrences and nature and
movement of glaciers, and determines rate of ground absorption and ultimate disposition of
water. Evaluates data obtained in reference to such problems as flood and drought forecasting,
soil and water conservation programs, and planning water supply, water power, flood control,
drainage, irrigation, crop production, and inland navigation projects.
024.061-038 MINERALOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Examines, analyzes, and classifies minerals, gems, and
precious stones: Isolates specimen from ore, rocks, or matrices. Makes microscopic examination
to determine shape, surface markings, and other physical characteristics. Performs physical and
chemical tests and makes x-ray examinations to determine composition of specimen and type of
crystalline structure. Identifies and classifies samples. Develops data and theories on mode of
origin, occurrence, and possible uses of minerals.
024.061-042 PALEONTOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies fossilized remains of plants and animals found in
geological formations to trace evolution and development of past life and identify geological
formations according to nature and chronology: Recovers and assembles fossilized specimens,
notes their positions, and classifies them according to their botanical or zoological family and
probable age. Prepares treatises on findings for furtherance of scientific study, or as in aid to
location of natural resources, such as petroleum-bearing formations. May organize scientific
expeditions and supervise removal of fossils from deposits and matrix rock formations. May
specialize in study of plant fossils and be designated Paleobotanist (profess. & kin.). May
specialize in study of fossilized micro-organisms and be designated Micropaleontologist
(profess. & kin.).
024.061-046 PETROLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Investigates composition, structure, and history of rock
masses forming earth's crust. Applies findings to such fields of investigation as causes of
formations, breaking down and weathering, chemical composition and forms of deposition of
sedimentary rocks, methods of eruption, and origin and causes of metamorphosis.
024.061-050 SEISMOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies and interprets seismic data to locate earthquakes and
earthquake faults: Reviews, analyzes, and interprets data from seismographs and geophysical
instruments. Establishes existence and activity of faults, and direction, motion, and stress of earth
movements before, during, and after earthquakes. Conducts research on seismic forces affecting
deformative movements of earth. May issue maps or reports indicating areas of seismic risk to
existing or proposed construction or development.
024.061-054 STRATIGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Studies relative position and order of succession of deposits
containing or separating archaeological fossil or plant material. Studies relation of life of past
ages, evolutionary changes as recorded by fossil animals and plants, and successive changes in
distribution of land and sea as interpreted from character of fossil content of sedimentary rocks.
024.161-010 ENGINEER, SOILS (profess. & kin.)
Studies and analyzes surface and subsurface soils to
determine characteristics for construction, development, or land planning: Inspects proposed
construction site, and sets up test equipment and drilling machinery to obtain data and soil and
rock samples. Analyzes data and soil samples through field and laboratory analysis, to determine
type, classification, characteristics, and stability of soil. Computes bearing weights, prepares
maps, charts, and reports of test results. May make recommendations regarding foundation
design, slope angles, grading or building heights. May participate in environmental studies and
prepare environmental impact reports.
024.167-010 GEOPHYSICAL-LABORATORY CHIEF (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: director, geophysical laboratory; engineer, geophysical laboratory; research engineer, geophysical laboratory; superintendent, geophysical laboratory
Plans, directs, and coordinates research activities of
geophysical laboratory to develop new or improved instruments and methods for measuring
physical characteristics of earth's crust which provide data for petroleum or mineral exploration:
Consults with management and field and laboratory technical personnel to determine specific
phases of geophysical prospecting in which improved processes might be evolved by study and
experimentation. Plans research programs and initiates and directs experiments to improve
prospecting procedures, explore possibilities of new theories, and develop improved or new
instruments. Directs and coordinates activities concerned with designing, building, and field
testing experimental instruments and maintenance and repair of laboratory and prospecting
instruments.
024.267-010 GEOLOGICAL AIDE (petrol. & gas)
Examines and compiles geological information to provide
technical data to GEOLOGIST, PETROLEUM (petrol. & gas) 024.061-022, using surface and
subsurface maps, oil and gas well activity reports, and sand and core analysis studies: Studies
geological reports to extract well data and posts data to maps and logs. Draws subsurface
formation contours on charts to lay out and prepare geological cross section charts. Compiles
information regarding well tests, completions, and formation tops to prepare oil or gas well
records. Records net sand and sand percentage counts and calculates isopachous values to
compile sand analysis data. Studies directional logs and surveys to calculate and plot formation
tops. Reads well activity reports and records key well locations in drilling activity book.
Assembles and distributes prepared charts, maps, and reports to geologist requesting material.
Maintains file record systems and geological library. Attends SCOUT (petrol. & gas)
010.267-010 meeting to compile information on well activity. Contacts competitors to acquire oil
and gas samples from wells. Operates computer terminal for input and retrieval of geological
data.
024.284-010 PROSPECTOR (any industry)
Explores likely regions to discover valuable mineral deposits,
using topographical maps, surveys, reports, and knowledge of geology and mineralogy:
Examines outcrops, placer, and stream channels for mineral content. Drills, dynamites, or digs
trenches or pits along rock formations or creek beds to obtain rock samples. Breaks off samples
and tests them for presence of minerals with heat, acid, magnifying glass, or by pulverizing and
washing or panning. Assays samples for preliminary quantitative estimate. Collects data on rock
formations, using geophysical instruments and devices, such as geiger counters and electronic
sounding equipment, and determines feasibility of staking and developing claim. Stakes claim
according to federal or state legal requirements. Develops mineral deposits by means of placer or
hard rock mining. May sell interests in discovered areas.
024.364-010 PALEONTOLOGICAL HELPER (profess. & kin.)
Prepares, classifies, and sorts rock and fossil specimens:
Records receipt of fossil and rock samples from outcroppings, quarries, oil or gas wells,
boreholes, or other sources. Cleans, washes, and prepares samples, using probes, brushes, or
cleaning solutions to remove extraneous matter. Separates rock and fossil specimens and
classifies them into general categories of fossilization. Compiles background data of rock or
fossil. Sacks and labels specimens. Mounts specimen for study or experimentation.
024.381-010 to 079.131-010 This category includes occupations concerned with the theoretical or practical aspects of such fields of human endeavor as art, science, engineering, education, medicine, law, business relations, and administrative, managerial, and technical work. Most of these occupations require substantial educational preparation (usually at the university, junior college, or technical institute level). 024.381-010 LABORATORY ASSISTANT (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: analyst, geochemical prospecting; core analyst; laboratory tester
Tests sand, shale, and other earth materials to determine
petroleum and mineral content and physical characteristics: Performs routine chemical or
physical tests of earth samples in field or laboratory to determine content of hydrocarbon or other
minerals indicating presence of petroleum and mineral deposits. Tests core samples brought up
during well drilling to determine permeability and porosity of sample, fluid content of sand and
shale, salinity of drilling mud, and other conditions affecting oil well drilling operations.
025 OCCUPATIONS IN METEOROLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of atmospheric phenomena with specializations, such as synoptic meteorology, climatology, dynamic meteorology, physical meteorology, radar and radio meteorology, and hydrometeorology.
025.062-010 METEOROLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: weather forecaster
Analyzes and interprets meteorological data gathered by
surface and upper-air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare reports and forecasts for public and
other users: Studies and interprets synoptic reports, maps, photographs, and prognostic charts to
predict long and short range weather conditions. Operates computer graphic equipment to
produce weather reports and maps for analysis, distribution to users, or for use in televised
weather broadcast. Issues hurricane and other severe weather warnings. May broadcast weather
forecast over television or radio. May prepare special forecasts and briefings for particular
audiences, such as those involved in air and sea transportation, agriculture, fire prevention,
air-pollution control, and school groups. May direct forecasting services at weather station, or at
radio or television broadcasting facility. May conduct basic or applied research in meteorology.
May establish and staff weather observation stations.
025.264-010 HYDROGRAPHER (waterworks)
Analyzes hydrographic data to determine trends in movement
and utilization of water: Reads meters and gauges to measure waterflow and pressure in streams,
conduits, and pipelines, and records data. Measures water level in lakes, reservoirs, and tanks.
Calculates seepage and evaporation rates for dams and reservoirs. Measures depth of water in
wells and test holes to determine ground water level. Measures snow characteristics to evaluate
water yield from snow runoff. Prepares graphs and charts to illustrate water patterns. Positions
sluice gates to direct water onto spreading grounds. Installs, calibrates, and maintains metering
instruments. Recommends locations for metering stations and instrument placement.
025.267-010 OCEANOGRAPHER, ASSISTANT (military ser.)
Analyzes and records oceanographic and meteorological data
to forecast changes in weather or sea condition: Collects weather and oceanographic data, using
meteorological and oceanographic equipment and visual observation. Sketches surface weather
charts, upper air charts, sea condition charts, and other charts and maps to indicate weather and
sea conditions. Prepares and forecasts warnings of severe and hazardous weather and sea
conditions and prepares briefings of current and predicted environmental conditions and their
effect on military operations. Performs preventative maintenance on meteorological and
oceanographic equipment.
025.267-014 WEATHER OBSERVER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: meteorological technician
Observes and records weather conditions for use in
forecasting: Periodically observes general weather, sky and visibility conditions, and reads
weather instruments including thermometers, barometers, and hygrometers to ascertain elements,
such as temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, wind velocity, and precipitation. Transmits
and receives weather data from other stations over teletype machine. May collect upper-air data
on temperature, humidity, and winds, using weather balloon and radiosonde equipment. May
conduct pilot briefings.
029 OCCUPATIONS IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with mathematics and the physical sciences.
029.067-010 GEOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Studies nature and use of areas of earth's surface, relating and
interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena: Conducts research on physical and
climatic aspects of area or region, making direct observation of landforms, climates, soils, plants,
and animals within area under study and incorporating available knowledge from related
scientific fields, such as physics, geology, oceanography, meteorology, and biology. Studies
human activities within given area, such as ethnic distribution, economic activity, and political
organization. Acts as adviser or consultant to governments and international organizations on
subjects, such as economic exploitation of regions and determination of ethnic and natural
boundaries between nations or administrative areas. May use surveying equipment or
meteorological instruments. May construct and interpret maps, graphs, and diagrams. May
specialize in particular branch of cultural geography, such as economic, political, urban, social,
or historical geography.
029.067-014 GEOGRAPHER, PHYSICAL (profess. & kin.)
Studies origins, nature, and distribution of features of earth's
surface, including landforms, climates, soils, plants, and animals: Makes surveys of physical
characteristics of specific regions, conducting studies of features, such as elevations, drainage,
geological formations, climate, vegetation, and access to other regions. May conduct
environmental studies and prepare environmental impact reports.
029.081-010 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: environmental scientist
Conducts research studies to develop theories or methods of
abating or controlling sources of environmental pollutants, utilizing knowledge of principles and
concepts of various scientific and engineering disciplines: Determines data collection methods to
be employed in research projects and surveys. Plans and develops research models, using
knowledge of mathematical, statistical, and physical science concepts and approaches. Identifies
and analyzes sources of pollution to determine their effects. Collects and synthesizes data derived
from pollution emission measurements, atmospheric monitoring, meteorological and
mineralogical information, and soil or water samples. Prepares graphs, charts, and statistical
models from synthesized data, using knowledge of mathematical, statistical, and engineering
analysis techniques. Analyzes data to assess pollution problems, establish standards, and develop
approaches for control of pollution. May be designated according to aspect of environment in
which engaged as Air Pollution Analyst (profess. & kin.); Soils Analyst (profess. & kin.); Water
Quality Analyst (profess. & kin.).
029.081-014 MATERIALS SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts scientific studies for understanding, characterizing
and developing materials leading to potential uses for the benefit of science and emerging
technologies: Conducts programs for studying structures and properties of various materials,
such as metals, alloys, ceramics, semiconductors and polymers to obtain research data. Plans
experimental laboratory production of materials having special characteristics to confirm
feasibility of processes and techniques for potential users. Prepares reports of materials studies
for information of other scientists and requestors. May guide technical staff engaged in
developing materials for specific use in projected product or device.
029.167-010 AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETER (government ser.)
Analyzes aerial photographs to detect significant military,
industrial, resource, or topographical data: Studies photographs to locate enemy positions,
camouflaged military installations and equipment, roads, industrial centers, rivers, wooded areas,
and to determine nature of terrain. Interprets photographs to evaluate enemy strength and to
predict military intentions. May draw maps for use of field commanders in planning deployment
of troops. May interpret photographs for timber evaluation, water shed management,
construction, or mining. May request enlargement of photograph for more detailed analysis. May
use computers and data banks to store, retrieve, and compare information.
029.167-014 PROJECT MANAGER, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates activities of staff involved in
developing procedures, equipment, and techniques to solve pollution problems, using scientific
research methods: Schedules and assigns duties to staff research scientists and engineers based
on evaluation of their knowledge of specific disciplines. Confers with project scientists and
research engineers to formulate research plan, coordinate project activities, and establish
reporting procedures. Prepares environmental research project feasibility and progress reports.
Coordinates activities of research personnel conducting successive phases of problem analysis,
solution proposals, and testing. Reviews technical aspects of project to assist staff and assess
productivity of lines of research. Reviews project operations to ensure coordination of efforts and
timely submission of reports. Analyzes reports to evaluate program effectiveness and budgetary
needs. Approves expenditures necessary for completion of project. Coordinates planning, testing,
and operating phases to complete project. Confers with local regulatory agencies to discover
local environmental quality standards, industrial practices, and new developments in pollution
abatement. May provide technical assistance to agencies conducting related environmental
studies.
029.261-010 LABORATORY TESTER (any industry)
Performs laboratory tests according to prescribed standards to
determine chemical and physical characteristics or composition of solid, liquid, or gaseous
materials for such purposes as quality control, process control, or product development: Sets up,
adjusts and operates laboratory equipment and instruments, such as microscopes, centrifuge,
agitators, viscosimeter, chemical balance scales, spectrophotometer, gas chromatograph,
colorimeter, and other equipment. Tests materials used as ingredients in adhesives, cement,
propellants, lubricants, refractories, synthetic rubber, plastics, paint, paper, cloth, and other
products for such qualities as purity, stability, viscosity, density, absorption, burning rate, and
melting or flash point. Tests solutions used in processes, such as anodizing, waterproofing,
cleaning, bleaching, and pickling for chemical concentration, specific gravity, or other
characteristics. Tests materials for presence and content of elements or substances, such as
hydrocarbons, manganese, natural grease, tungsten, sulfur, cyanide, ash, dust, or impurities. Tests
samples of manufactured products to verify conformity to specifications. Records test results on
standardized forms and writes test reports describing procedures used. Cleans and sterilizes
laboratory equipment. May prepare graphs and charts. May prepare chemical solutions according
to standard formulas. May add chemicals or raw materials to process solutions or product batches
to correct or establish formulation required to meet specifications. May calibrate laboratory
instruments. May be designated according to product or material tested. For testing of food
products see FOOD TESTER (any industry) 029.361-014.
029.261-014 POLLUTION-CONTROL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: environmental technician
Conducts tests and field investigations to obtain data for use
by environmental, engineering, and scientific personnel in determining sources and methods of
controlling pollutants in air, water, and soil, utilizing knowledge of agriculture, chemistry,
meteorology, and engineering principles and applied technologies: Conducts chemical and
physical laboratory and field tests according to prescribed standards to determine characteristics
or composition of solid, liquid, or gaseous materials and substances, using pH meter, chemicals,
autoclaves, centrifuge, spectrophotometer, microscope, analytical instrumentation, and chemical
laboratory equipment. Collects samples of gases from smokestacks, and collects other air
samples and meteorological data to assist in evaluation of atmospheric pollutants. Collects water
samples from streams and lakes, or raw, semiprocessed or processed water, industrial waste
water, or water from other sources to assess pollution problem. Collects soil, silt, or mud to
determine chemical composition and nature of pollutants. Prepares sample for testing, records
data, and prepares summaries and charts for review. Sets monitoring equipment to provide flow
of information. Installs, operates, and performs routine maintenance on gas and fluid flow
systems, chemical reaction systems, mechanical equipment, and other test instrumentation. May
operate fixed or mobile monitoring or data collection station. May conduct bacteriological or
other tests related to research in environmental or pollution control activity. May collect and
analyze engine exhaust emissions to determine type and amount of pollutants and be designated
Engine Emission Technician (profess. & kin.). May specialize in one phase or type of
environmental pollution or protection and be identified according to specialty.
029.261-018 TEST-ENGINE OPERATOR (petrol. refin.) alternate titles: research-test-engine operator
Subjects petroleum fuels and lubricants to simulated
operating conditions in full-scale test engines to obtain evaluating data: Runs tests with gasoline,
diesel, aviation, and supercharged research test engines, dynamometers, and other mechanical
testing equipment, varying such factors as speed, temperature, load, fuel, and bearing, motor, or
chassis lubricants as specified. Records horsepower ratings and other performance data. Tests
fuels in standardized knock-rating test engines to obtain data for determination of octane or
cetene values. Adjusts and makes minor repairs to engines during test runs.
029.261-022 TESTER (petrol. refin.) alternate titles: crude tester; gas analyst; laboratory inspector; laboratory technician; laboratory tester; oil tester
Tests and analyzes samples of crude oil and petroleum
products during processing stages, using laboratory apparatus, testing equipment, and following
standard test procedures to determine physical and chemical properties and ensure products meet
quality control standards: Tests samples of crude and blended oils, gases, asphalts, and pressure
distillates to determine characteristics, such as boiling, vapor, freeze, condensation, flash and
aniline points, viscosity, specific gravity, penetration, doctor solution, distillation, and corrosion,
using test and laboratory equipment, such as hydrometers, fractionators, distillation apparatus,
and analytical scales. Analyzes content of products to determine presence of gases, such as
propane, iso-butane, butane, iso-pentane, and ethene. Determines hydrocarbon composition of
gasolines, blending stocks and gases, using fractional distillation equipment, gas
chromatography, and mass spectrometer. Operates fractionation column to separate crude oil into
oils with different boiling points to determine their properties. Analyzes composition of products
to determine quantitative presence of gum, sulfur, aromatics, olefins, water, and sediment.
Compares color of liquid product with charts to determine processing factors measurable by
color. May test air and water samples to detect industrial pollutants.
029.261-026 CRIMINALIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: crime laboratory analyst; police chemist
Applies scientific principles to analysis, identification, and
classification of mechanical devices, chemical and physical substances, materials, liquids, or
other physical evidence related to criminology, law enforcement, or investigative work: Searches
for, collects, photographs, and preserves evidence. Performs variety of analytical examinations,
utilizing chemistry, physics, mechanics, and other sciences. Analyzes items, such as paint, glass,
printed matter, paper, ink, fabric, dust, dirt, gases, or other substances, using spectroscope,
microscope, infrared and ultraviolet light, microphotography, gas chromatograph, or other
recording, measuring, or testing instruments. Identifies hair, skin, tissue, blood, bones, or human
organs. Examines and classifies explosives, firearms, bullets, shells, and other weapons.
Interprets laboratory findings relative to drugs, poisons, narcotics, alcohol, or other compounds
ingested or injected into body. Reconstructs crime scene, preserving marks or impressions made
by shoes, tires, or other objects by plaster or moulage casts. Prepares reports or presentations of
findings, methods, and techniques used to support conclusions, and prepares results for court or
other formal hearings. May testify as expert witness on evidence or crime laboratory techniques.
Confers with experts in such specialties as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, documents,
electronics, metallurgy, biochemistry, medicine, or others.
029.280-010 PHOTO-OPTICS TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Sets up and operates photo-optical instrumentation to record
and photograph data for scientific and engineering projects: Operates and calibrates photo-optical
equipment according to formalized procedures, maintenance manuals, and schematic diagrams.
Operates test equipment and performs analysis of data for engineering and scientific personnel.
May install and calibrate optical and photographic data collection equipment in missiles, aircraft,
weaponry, weather or communication satellites, underwater devices, or other installations. May
evaluate adequacy of data obtained to determine need for future changes in instrumentation. May
modify existing equipment and participate in planning and testing modified equipment and
instrumentation procedures.
029.361-010 BOTTLE-HOUSE QUALITY-CONTROL TECHNICIAN (beverage) alternate titles: quality-control technician
Performs physical measuring and chemical analysis tests of
packaged beer and materials in quality control laboratory of brewery bottle house: Selects test
samples of crowns, cans, lids, bottles, labels, and cartons from packaging lines following
established procedures as to time, place, and sequence. Measures dimensions of crowns, cans,
bottles, lids, and labels with scales and micrometers. Conducts abrasion tests on cans, lids,
bottles, crowns, and labels with abrasion machine. Measures hardness of crowns, lids, and cans,
using hardness tester. Measures bursting strength of bottles, using hydraulic bursting machine.
Tests wet and dry tearing strengths of labels and cartons. Weighs filled cans and bottles to
measure volume of beer. Records test results and prepares graphs and charts.
029.361-014 FOOD TESTER (any industry)
Performs standardized qualitative and quantitative tests to
determine physical or chemical properties of food or beverage products, or to ensure compliance
with company or government quality standards: Conducts standardized tests of food, beverages,
additives, and preservatives for flavor, color, texture, nutritional value, or other factors, using
incubator, autoclave, ovens, balance scales, refractometer, or other equipment. Tests flavoring
and spices for moisture, oil content, coloring, and pungency, using spectrophotometer,
stereomicroscope, and ovens. Tests production samples of food for compliance with standards,
using spectrometer, pH meter, distillation equipment, balance scales, and other equipment.
Refers to tables or computes such factors as moisture, salt content, sediment, or solubility.
Smells samples of food for odors or tastes for prescribed flavor. Observes sample smear,
sediment disk, or agar sample through microscope to identify bacterial or extraneous matter.
Compares test results with standards and records results. Cleans laboratory equipment. May mix
ingredients to make reagents. May operate calculating machine to compute percentages of
ingredients in finished product. May be identified according to quality or product tested.
029.361-018 LABORATORY ASSISTANT (utilities) alternate titles: laboratory technician
Performs standardized physical and chemical tests on
materials and supplies used throughout power system to ensure compliance with specifications:
Tests water used in boilers of steam generating plant for alkalinity and silica and phosphate
content, using colorimeter and spectrophotometer. Notifies POWER-PLANT OPERATOR
(utilities) or AUXILIARY-EQUIPMENT OPERATOR (utilities) of amount of chemical
additives required to bring water to prescribed level of purity. Tests coal to determine Btu
content by burning coal samples in colorimeter. Tests oil used in circuit breakers for dielectric
strength by placing sample of oil in ceramic cup positioned between two electrodes, and
measuring current conducted by oil, using ohmmeter. Ascertains heat resisting qualities of
insulating paints and varnishes by coating pieces of sheet metal with paint and varnish and
subjecting them to high temperatures. May determine viscosity index of lubricating oils, using
viscosimeter. May inspect rubber protective equipment, such as aprons, gloves, and blankets for
flaws.
029.381-010 CLOTH TESTER (garment; textile)
Performs standardized chemical and physical tests on samples
of cloth to verify adherence to specifications: Compares test results with specimens of cloth or
prepared standard cards, graphs, or tables. Examines cloth microscopically or through
magnifying glass to determine number of threads per inch, whether woven, warped or knitted,
and to identify type of fibers, such as wool, nylon, cotton, polyester, acrylic, or a blend. Tests
cloth for weight, fastness of dye, color, type of material, tensile strength, shrinkage, absorbency,
or fire retardency, using special testing devices, chemicals, water, heat, drying oven,
dehumidifier and scale. May test items, such as buttons, buckles, bindings, webbing, laces, and
threads. May mix and apply chemicals to remove stains from garments or fabric soiled in
manufacture or transit.
029.381-014 LABORATORY ASSISTANT (textile) alternate titles: laboratory tester
Performs standardized laboratory tests to verify chemical
characteristics or composition of textile fibers, yarns, and products, and materials used in
processing textiles: Tests oil and soap products to determine fitness for use in cloth and yarn
finishing processes. Tests dyed goods for stripping (removing dye). Tests greige goods to
determine if goods are of specified quality for dyeing, printing, and finishing. Verifies dye
formulas used to develop or match colors by dyeing samples of cloth, yarn or textile fibers, and
determines fastness of dyes, using laboratory equipment. Tests raw stock for moisture content
with meter-equipped probe. Verifies efficiency of scouring process by testing wool samples to
determine percentage of natural greases removed, using scales, solvents, and ovens. Measures
tear strength and wet and dry tensile strength, using tensile-testing equipment. Determines color
value by subjecting material to lights. Visually inspects yarns and finished material. May classify
finished product according to quality and estimate amount of mending required.
029.383-010 PILOT, SUBMERSIBLE (any industry)
Pilots submersible craft to conduct research in fields of
oceanography or marine biology, test capabilities and performance of craft and auxiliary
equipment, or perform underwater activities, such as exploration, mapping, photography, or
construction, salvage or rescue work: Plans and develops operational procedures or techniques in
order to investigate and test theories, or carry out specific underwater activities. Conducts
predive operational tests on craft, life support systems, and other equipment. Pilots and controls
craft to carry out mission in accordance with operational plans. Conducts scientific tests on effect
of underwater life, life support systems, and habitats on human or other animals. Performs
maintenance and repair on underwater facilities, well-heads, or pipelines. Carries out specific
salvage or rescue operations. May perform activities outside of craft, using scuba equipment
[SCUBA DIVER (any industry)]. May prepare technical reports or provide data for use by
scientific or engineering personnel.
03 COMPUTER-RELATED OCCUPATIONS This division includes occupations concerned with the application of computers and computer languages and the utilization of the computer in the design and solution of business, scientific, engineering and other technical problems. This division does not include workers, such as accountants, stock brokers, and secretaries, who use computers to aid them in performing their work. Occupations concerned with the mathematical statement of problems for solution by computers are included in Group 020. Occupations concerned with the application of electronics and the principles of engineering to design and develop computing equipment are included in Group 003. Occupations concerned with writing user instructions for computer application programs are included in Group 131. Occupations concerned with training workers to use new or modified information processing procedures are included in Group 166. Occupations concerned with operating and monitoring computers are included in Group 213.
030 OCCUPATIONS IN SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING This group includes occupations concerned with the analysis and evaluation of procedures and processes to design a sequence of steps for processing data by a computer. These activities may require the conversion of a sequence of steps into a computer language code which will be processed by the computer. Included are testing, locating and correcting program errors, enhancing, maintaining, and executing the coded instructions.
030.062-010 SOFTWARE ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, designs, and develops computer software
systems, in conjunction with hardware product development, for medical, industrial, military,
communications, aerospace, and scientific applications, applying principles and techniques of
computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis: Analyzes software requirements to
determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints. Consults with hardware
engineers and other engineering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and software, and
operational and performance requirements of overall system. Formulates and designs software
system, using scientific analysis and $T3mathematical models$T1 to predict and measure
outcome and consequences of design. Develops and directs software system testing procedures,
programming, and documentation. Consults with customer concerning maintenance of software
system. May coordinate installation of software system.
030.162-010 COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: applications programmer; programmer, business
Converts data from project specifications and statements of
problems and procedures to create or modify computer programs: Prepares, or receives from
SYSTEMS ANALYST (profess. & kin.) 030.167-014, detailed workflow chart and diagram to
illustrate sequence of steps that program must follow and to describe input, output, and logical
operations involved. Analyzes workflow chart and diagram, applying knowledge of computer
capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic. Confers with supervisor and representatives of
departments concerned with program to resolve questions of program intent, data input, output
requirements, and inclusion of internal checks and controls. Converts detailed logical flow chart
to language processable by computer. Enters program codes into computer system. Inputs test
data into computer. Observes computer monitor screen to interpret program operating codes.
Corrects program errors, using methods such as modifying program or altering sequence of
program steps. Writes instructions to guide operating personnel during production runs.
Analyzes, reviews, and rewrites programs to increase operating efficiency or to adapt program to
new requirements. Compiles and writes documentation of program development and subsequent
revisions. May train workers to use program. May assist COMPUTER OPERATOR (clerical)
213.362-010 to resolve problems in running computer program. May work with SYSTEMS
ANALYST (profess. & kin.) to obtain and analyze project specifications and flow charts. May
direct and coordinate work of others to write, test, and modify computer programs.
030.162-014 PROGRAMMER-ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: applications programmer-analyst
Plans, develops, tests, and documents computer programs,
applying knowledge of programming techniques and computer systems: Evaluates user request
for new or modified program, such as for financial or human resource management system,
clinical research trial results, statistical study of traffic patterns, or analyzing and developing
specifications for bridge design, to determine feasibility, cost and time required, compatibility
with current system, and computer capabilities. Consults with user to identify current operating
procedures and clarify program objectives. Reads manuals, periodicals, and technical reports to
learn ways to develop programs that meet user requirements. Formulates plan outlining steps
required to develop program, using structured analysis and design. Submits plans to user for
approval. Prepares flowcharts and diagrams to illustrate sequence of steps program must follow
and to describe logical operations involved. Designs computer terminal screen displays to
accomplish goals of user request. Converts project specifications, using flowcharts and diagrams,
into sequence of detailed instructions and logical steps for coding into language processable by
computer, applying knowledge of computer programming techniques and computer languages.
Enters program codes into computer system. Enters commands into computer to run and test
program. Reads computer printouts or observes display screen to detect syntax or logic errors
during program test, or uses diagnostic software to detect errors. Replaces, deletes, or modifies
codes to correct errors. Analyzes, reviews, and alters program to increase operating efficiency or
adapt to new requirements. Writes documentation to describe program development, logic,
coding, and corrections. Writes manual for users to describe installation and operating
procedures. Assists users to solve operating problems. Recreates steps taken by user to locate
source of problem and rewrites program to correct errors. May use computer-aided software
tools, such as flowchart design and code generation, in each stage of system development. May
train users to use program. May oversee installation of hardware and software. May provide
technical assistance to program users. May install and test program at user site. May monitor
performance of program after implementation. May specialize in developing programs for
business or technical applications.
030.162-018 PROGRAMMER, ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC (profess. & kin.)
Converts scientific, engineering, and other technical problem
formulations to format processable by computer: Resolves symbolic formulations, prepares flow
charts and block diagrams, and encodes resultant equations for processing by applying extensive
knowledge of branch of science, engineering, or advanced mathematics, such as differential
equations or numerical analysis, and understanding of capabilities and limitations of computer.
Confers with other engineering and technical personnel to resolve problems of intent, inaccuracy,
or feasibility of computer processing. Enters program into computer system. Reviews results of
computer runs with interested personnel to determine necessity for modifications or reruns.
Develops new subroutines or expands program to simplify statement, programming, or coding of
future problems. May direct and coordinate activities of COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS
(profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 working as part of project team.
030.162-022 SYSTEMS PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.)
Coordinates installation of computer operating system
software and tests, maintains, and modifies software, using computer terminal: Reads loading
and running instructions for system software, such as task scheduling, memory management,
computer file system, or controlling computer input and output, and loads tape into tape drive or
transfers software to magnetic disk. Initiates test of system program and observes readout on
monitor of computer system to detect errors or work stoppage. Enters code changes into
computer system to correct errors. Analyzes performance indicators, such as system's response
time, number of transactions per second, and number of programs being processed at once, to
ensure that system is operating efficiently. Changes system software so that system performance
will meet objectives. Reviews computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling
limitations to determine if requested changes to operating system are possible. Writes description
of steps taken to modify system and procedures required to implement new software. Assists
users having problems with use of system software. May train users, COMPUTER OPERATOR
(clerical) 213.362-010, and COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 to use
system software. May prepare workflow charts and diagrams to modify system software. May
visit vendors to observe demonstration of systems software. May administer and monitor
computer program that controls user access to system. May review productivity reports and
problem records to evaluate performance of computer system.
030.167-010 CHIEF, COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: coordinator, computer programming
Plans, schedules, and directs preparation of programs to
process data and solve problems by use of computers: Consults with managerial and systems
analysis personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, suggest changes, and determine
extent of programming and coding required. Assigns, coordinates, and reviews work of
programming personnel. Develops programs from workflow charts or diagrams, considering
factors, such as computer storage capacity and speed, extent of peripheral equipment, and
intended use of output data. Converts workflow charts to language processable by computer.
Enters program codes into computer. Enters test data into computer. Analyzes test runs on
computer to correct or direct correction of coded program and input data. Revises or directs
revision of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements.
Compiles documentation of program development and subsequent revisions. Trains subordinates
in programming and program coding. Prescribes standards for terms and symbols used to
simplify interpretation of programs. Collaborates with computer manufacturers and other users to
develop new programming methods. Prepares records and reports.
030.167-014 SYSTEMS ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes user requirements, procedures, and problems to
automate processing or to improve existing computer system: Confers with personnel of
organizational units involved to analyze current operational procedures, identify problems, and
learn specific input and output requirements, such as forms of data input, how data is to be
summarized, and formats for reports. Writes detailed description of user needs, program
functions, and steps required to develop or modify computer program. Reviews computer system
capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations to determine if requested program or program
change is possible within existing system. Studies existing information processing systems to
evaluate effectiveness and develops new systems to improve production or workflow as required.
Prepares workflow charts and diagrams to specify in detail operations to be performed by
equipment and computer programs and operations to be performed by personnel in system.
Conducts studies pertaining to development of new information systems to meet current and
projected needs. Plans and prepares technical reports, memoranda, and instructional manuals as
documentation of program development. Upgrades system and corrects errors to maintain system
after implementation. May assist COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010
in resolution of work problems related to flow charts, project specifications, or programming.
May prepare time and cost estimates for completing projects. May direct and coordinate work of
others to develop, test, install, and modify programs.
031 OCCUPATIONS IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS This group includes occupations concerned with the evaluation of data communications and network hardware and software, coordinating data communications activities, and the transmission and reception of data or information sent electronically. Includes providing support to users of data communications. Occupations concerned with installing, maintaining, and repairing data communications equipment are included in Group 823.
031.132-010 SUPERVISOR, NETWORK CONTROL OPERATORS (any industry) alternate titles: data communications technician supervisor
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
monitoring or installing data communication lines and resolving user data communication
problems: Distributes work assignments and monitors daily logs of NETWORK CONTROL
OPERATORS (any industry) 031.262-014, using microcomputer. Explains data communications
diagnostic and monitoring procedures to operators, using computer terminal and following
vendor's equipment and software instructions. Explains and demonstrates installation of data
communication lines and equipment to operators, using handtools and following vendor manuals.
Enters diagnostic commands into computer and determines nature of problem to assist operators
to resolve data communication problems. Enters record of actions taken to resolve problem in
daily log, using microcomputer. Attends staff meetings to report on and resolve recurrent data
communications problems. Attends vendor seminars to learn about changes in data
communications technology. Performs other duties as described under SUPERVISOR (any
industry) Master Title.
031.262-010 DATA COMMUNICATIONS ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Researches, tests, evaluates, and recommends data
communications hardware and software: Identifies areas of operation which need upgraded
equipment, such as modems, fiber optic cables, and telephone wires. Conducts survey to
determine user needs. Reads technical manuals and brochures to determine equipment which
meets establishment requirements. Visits vendors to learn about available products or services.
Tests and evaluates hardware and software to determine efficiency, reliability, and compatibility
with existing system, using equipment such as computer terminal and modem. Analyzes test data
and recommends hardware or software for purchase. Develops and writes procedures for
installation, use, and solving problems of communications hardware and software. Monitors
system performance. Trains users in use of equipment. Assists users to identify and solve data
communication problems. May write technical specifications to send to vendors for bid. May
oversee or assist in installation of communications hardware. May perform minor equipment
repairs.
031.262-014 NETWORK CONTROL OPERATOR (any industry)
Monitors data communications network to ensure that
network is available to all system users and resolves data communications problems: Receives
telephone call from user with data communications problem, such as failure of data to be
transmitted to another location. Reviews procedures user followed to determine if specified steps
were taken. Explains user procedures necessary to transmit data. Monitors modems and display
screen of terminal to mainframe computer to detect error messages that signal malfunction in
communications software or hardware. Enters diagnostic commands into computer to determine
nature of problem, and reads codes on screen to diagnose problem. Attaches diagnostic
equipment to phone line to learn if line meets specification. Reads technical reference manuals
for communications hardware and software to learn cause of problem. Instructs user to enter
specified commands into computer to resolve problem. Calls service technician for service when
problem cannot be resolved. Enters operating commands into computer to restart program.
Records number of daily data communications transactions and number of problems and actions
taken, using computer terminal. Updates documentation to record new equipment installed, new
sites, and changes to computer configurations. May inspect communications wires and cables.
May train staff and users to use equipment. May coordinate installation of or install
communications lines.
032 OCCUPATIONS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS USER SUPPORT This group includes occupations concerned with investigating, resolving, and explaining computer-related problems to users of computer systems. Occupations concerned with support for data communications users are included in Group 031.
032.132-010 USER SUPPORT ANALYST SUPERVISOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: help desk supervisor
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers who provide
problem-solving support to computer users: Assists USER SUPPORT ANALYST (profess. &
kin.) 032.262.010 in solving nonroutine software, hardware, and procedure problems, using
computer and manuals. Talks with staff, computer users, supervisors, and managers to determine
requirements for new or modified software and hardware. Writes recommendations for
management review. Coordinates installation of hardware and software, and implementation of
procedure changes. Performs duties described under SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title.
032.262-010 USER SUPPORT ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: customer service representative; end user consultant; help desk representative; information center specialist; office automation analyst
Investigates and resolves computer software and hardware
problems of users: Receives telephone calls from users having problems using computer software
and hardware or inquiring how to use specific software, such as statistical, graphics, data base,
printing, word processing, programming languages, electronic mail, and operating systems. Talks
to user to learn procedures followed and source of error. Answers questions, applying knowledge
of computer software, hardware, and procedures. Asks user with problem to use telephone and
participate in diagnostic procedures, using diagnostic software, or by listening to and following
instructions. Determines whether problem is caused by hardware, such as modem, printer, cables,
or telephone. Talks with coworkers to research problem and find solution. Talks to programmers
to explain software errors or to recommend changes to programs. Calls software and hardware
vendors to request service regarding defective products. Reads trade magazines and attends
computer trade shows to obtain current information about computers. May test software and
hardware to evaluate ease of use and whether product will aid user in performing work. May
write software and hardware evaluation and recommendation for management review. May write
or revise user training manuals and procedures. May develop training materials, such as exercises
and visual displays. May train users on software and hardware on-site or in classroom, or
recommend outside contractors to provide training. May install microcomputers, software, and
peripheral equipment, following procedures and using handtools [MICROCOMPUTER
SUPPORT SPECIALIST (profess & kin.) 039.264-010]. May work as in-house consultant and
research alternate approaches to existing software and hardware when standardized approaches
cannot be applied. May conduct office automation feasibility studies, including work flow
analysis, space design, and cost comparison analysis. May specialize by type of software,
computer language, or computer operating system.
033 OCCUPATIONS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS TECHNICAL SUPPORT This group includes occupations concerned with providing technical support for computer systems, rather than to users of computer systems. Includes the development, installation, and maintenance of computer operating systems software.
033.162-010 COMPUTER SECURITY COORDINATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: data security coordinator; information security
Plans, coordinates, and implements security measures to
safeguard information in computer files against accidental or unauthorized modification,
destruction, or disclosure: Confers with computer user department personnel and COMPUTER
PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 to plan data security for new or modified
software, discussing issues, such as employee data access needs and risk of data loss or
disclosure. Reviews plan to ensure compatibility of planned security measures with
establishment computer security system software. Modifies security data files to incorporate new
software security into establishment security software, using computer terminal, or meets with
SYSTEMS PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-022 to request needed programming
changes. Enters commands into computer in attempt to circumvent new security measures to test
system. Reviews employee violations of computer security procedures recorded by computer and
reports violations to user department managers or talks with employee to ensure that violation is
not repeated. Coordinates implementation of vendor-issued security software update. Develops
and writes computer security department policies and procedures. May assign computer access
passwords to employees [COMPUTER SECURITY SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.)
033.362-010]. May develop, coordinate implementation of, and test plan to continue
establishment data processing activities at off-site location in case of emergency, such as fire, at
main site [DATA RECOVERY PLANNER (profess. & kin.) 033.162-014].
033.162-014 DATA RECOVERY PLANNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: disaster recovery coordinator
Develops, coordinates implementation of, and tests plan to
continue establishment data processing activities at off-site location in case of emergency, such
as fire, at main site: Establishes priority of data processing activities according to importance to
business. Determines hardware, software, data files, safe storage facilities, and other resources
required. Develops plan to meet emergency data processing needs. Identifies personnel needed to
implement plan. Presents plan to management and recommends means of obtaining required
facilities, such as contracting with off-site vendor. Coordinates implementation of plan. Tests
emergency data processing system, using computer and test data. Writes report to document test
results and updates emergency recovery procedures.
033.162-018 TECHNICAL SUPPORT SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: project development coordinator; technical operations specialist
Performs any combination of following duties to provide
technical support to workers in information processing departments: Develops work goals and
department projects. Assigns and coordinates work projects, such as converting to new hardware
or software. Designates staff assignments, establishes work priorities, and evaluates cost and
time requirements. Reviews completed projects or computer programs to ensure that goals are
met and that programs are compatible with other programs already in use. Evaluates work load
and capacity of computer system to determine feasibility of expanding or enhancing computer
operations. Makes recommendations for improvements in computer system. Reviews and tests
programs written by PROGRAMMER-ANALYST (profess. & kin.) 030.162-014 or
COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 to ensure that programs meet
objectives and specifications. Consults with QUALITY ASSURANCE ANALYST (profess. &
kin.) 033.262-010 to ensure that program follows establishment standards. Modifies, tests, and
corrects existing programs. Evaluates and tests vendor-supplied software packages for mainframe
computer or microcomputers to determine compatibility with existing system, ease of use, and if
software meets user needs. Enters commands into computer to place programs in production
status. Inactivates, individually or in combination, each component of computer system, such as
central processing unit, tape drives, and mainframe coolers. Tests computer system to determine
criticality of component loss. Prioritizes importance of components and writes recommendations
for recovering losses and using backup equipment. Assists user to resolve computer-related
problems, such as inoperative hardware or software. Trains workers in use of new software or
hardware. Reads technical journals or manuals and attends vendor seminars to learn about new
computer hardware and software. Writes project reports and documentation for new or modified
software and hardware.
033.167-010 COMPUTER SYSTEMS HARDWARE ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: computer systems engineer; information processing engineer; methods analyst, data processing
Analyzes data processing requirements to plan data
processing system that will provide system capabilities required for projected work loads, and
plans layout and installation of new system or modification of existing system: Confers with data
processing and project managers to obtain information on limitations and capabilities of existing
system and capabilities required for data processing projects and projected work load. Evaluates
factors such as number of departments serviced by data processing equipment, reporting formats
required, volume of transactions, time requirements and cost constraints, and need for security
and access restrictions to determine hardware configurations. Analyzes information to determine,
recommend, and plan layout for type of computers and peripheral equipment, or modifications to
existing equipment and system, that will provide capability for proposed project or work load,
efficient operation, and effective use of allotted space. May enter data into computer terminal to
store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements. May
specify power supply requirements and configuration. May recommend purchase of equipment to
control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation. May specialize in one area
of system application or in one type or make of equipment. May train users to use new or
modified equipment. May monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in
conformance with specifications.
033.262-010 QUALITY ASSURANCE ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates and tests new or modified software programs and
software development procedures used to verify that programs function according to user
requirements and conform to establishment guidelines: Writes, revises, and verifies quality
standards and test procedures for program design and product evaluation to attain quality of
software economically and efficiently. Reviews new or modified program, including
documentation, diagram, and flow chart, to determine if program will perform according to user
request and conform to guidelines. Recommends program improvements or corrections to
programmers. Reviews computer operating log to identify program processing errors. Enters
instructions into computer to test program for validity of results, accuracy, reliability, and
conformance to establishment standards. Observes computer monitor screen during program test
to detect error codes or interruption of program and corrects errors. Identifies differences
between establishment standards and user applications and suggests modifications to conform to
standards. Sets up tests at request of user to locate and correct program operating error following
installation of program. Conducts compatibility tests with vendor-provided programs. Monitors
program performance after implementation to prevent reoccurrence of program operating
problems and ensure efficiency of operation. Writes documentation to describe program
evaluation, testing, and correction. May evaluate proposed software or software enhancement for
feasibility. May develop utility program to test, track, and verify defects in software program.
May write programs to create new procedures or modify existing procedures. May train software
program users.
033.362-010 COMPUTER SECURITY SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.)
Regulates access to computer data files, monitors data file
use, and updates computer security files: Enters commands into computer to allow access to
computer system for employee who forgot password. Reads computer security files to determine
whether denial of data access reported by employee is justified. Modifies security files to correct
error, or explains that employee authorization does not permit access. Answers employee
questions about computer security. Modifies security files to add new employees, delete former
employees, and change employee name, following notice received from computer user
departments and personnel office. Sends printouts listing employee data authorization to
computer user departments to verify or correct information in security files. Reviews data use
records and compares user names listed in records with employee authorization to ensure that all
employees who accessed data files were entitled to do so. Deletes data access of unauthorized
users, and for users who have not used data for specified time.
039 COMPUTER-RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with computers.
039.162-010 DATA BASE ADMINISTRATOR (profess. & kin.)
Coordinates physical changes to computer data bases; and
codes, tests, and implements physical data base, applying knowledge of data base management
system: Designs logical and physical data bases [DATA BASE DESIGN ANALYST (profess. &
kin.) 039.162-014] or reviews description of changes to data base design to understand how
changes to be made affect physical data base (how data is stored in terms of physical
characteristics, such as location, amount of space, and access method). Establishes physical data
base parameters. Codes data base descriptions and specifies identifiers of data base to data base
management system or directs others in coding data base descriptions. Calculates optimum
values for data base parameters, such as amount of computer memory to be used by data base,
following manuals and using calculator. Specifies user access level for each segment of one or
more data items, such as insert, replace, retrieve, or delete data. Specifies which users can access
data bases and what data can be accessed by user. Tests and corrects errors, and refines changes
to data base. Enters codes to create production data base. Selects and enters codes of utility
program to monitor data base performance, such as distribution of records and amount of
available memory. Directs programmers and analysts to make changes to data base management
system. Reviews and corrects programs. Answers user questions. Confers with coworkers to
determine impact of data base changes on other systems and staff cost for making changes to
data base. Modifies data base programs to increase processing performance, referred to as
performance tuning. Workers typically specialize in one or more types of data base management
systems. May train users.
039.162-014 DATA BASE DESIGN ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Designs logical and physical data bases and coordinates data
base development as part of project team, applying knowledge of data base design standards and
data base management system: Reviews project request describing data base user needs.
Estimates time and cost required to accomplish project. Determines if project requires creating
series of new programs or modifying existing programs that access data stored in data bases.
Attends specification meeting with project team workers to determine scope and limitations of
project. Reviews workflow chart developed by PROGRAMMER-ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
030.162-014 to understand tasks computer will perform, such as updating records. Reviews
procedures in data base management system manuals for making changes to data base, such as
defining, creating, revising, and controlling data base. Revises company definition of data as
defined in data dictionary (information about data, including name, description, source of data
item, and key words for categorizing and searching for data item descriptions). Determines and
enters changes to data dictionary descriptions, including type, structure, and intended use of data
within system, using computer or assigns data entry work to programmer. Develops data model
describing data elements and how they are used, following procedures and using pen and
template or computer software. Creates description to enable PROGRAMMER-ANALYST
(profess. & kin.) to understand how programs should access data. Writes description of how user
accesses data, referred to as logical data base. Writes physical data base description, such as
location, space requirements, and access method, to protect company data resources against
unauthorized access and accidental destruction, according to computer industry standards and
knowledge of data base management system. May specialize in adding, deleting, and modifying
data items in data dictionary and be designated Data Dictionary Administrator (profess. and kin.).
Workers typically specialize in one or more types of data base management systems.
039.264-010 MICROCOMPUTER SUPPORT SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.)
Installs, modifies, and makes minor repairs to microcomputer
hardware and software systems and provides technical assistance and training to system users:
Inspects microcomputer equipment and reads order sheet listing user requirements to prepare
microcomputer for delivery. Installs or assists service personnel in installation of hardware and
peripheral components, such as monitors, keyboards, printers, and disk drives on user's premises,
following design or installation specifications. Loads specified software packages, such as
operating systems, word processing, or spreadsheet programs into computer. Enters commands
and observes system functions to verify correct system operation. Instructs user in use of
equipment, software, and manuals. Answers client's inquiries in person and via telephone
concerning systems operation; diagnoses system hardware, software, and operator problems; and
recommends or performs minor remedial actions to correct problems based on knowledge of
system operation. Replaces defective or inadequate software packages. Refers major hardware
problems to service personnel for correction. Attends technical conferences and seminars to keep
abreast of new software and hardware product developments.
04 OCCUPATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES This division includes occupations concerned with research to increase basic knowledge of living organisms, including humans and the practical application of biological and behavioral theories.
040 OCCUPATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES This group includes occupations concerned with the application of scientific principles to problems related to agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and environmental impact. Also includes development of improved methods in cultivation, processing, handling, and storing of products; land conservation practices; pest control; landscape planning; and related activities.
040.061-010 AGRONOMIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: crop-research scientist; crop scientist
Conducts experiments or investigations in field-crop
problems and develops new methods of growing crops to secure more efficient production,
higher yield, and improved quality: Plans and carries out breeding studies at experiment stations
or farms to develop and improve varieties of field crops, such as cotton, tobacco, or cereal with
respect to characteristics, such as yield, quality, adaptation to specific soils or climates, and
resistance to diseases and pests [PLANT BREEDER (profess. & kin.)]. Studies crop production
to discover best methods of planting, cultivation, harvesting, and effects of various climatic
conditions on crops. Develops methods for control of noxious weeds, crop diseases, and insect
pests [PLANT PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)]. May specialize in specific field crop, group
of field crops, or specific agronomic problem.
040.061-014 ANIMAL SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in selection, breeding, feeding,
management, and marketing of beef and dual-purpose cattle, horses, mules, sheep, dogs, goats,
and pet animals: Develops improved practices in feeding, housing, sanitation, and parasite and
disease control. Controls breeding practices to improve strains of animals. May specialize in
animal nutritional research and be designated Animal Nutritionist (profess. & kin.). May be
designated according to animal specialty.
040.061-018 DAIRY SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in selection, breeding, feeding, and
management of dairy cattle: Studies feed requirements of dairy animals and nutritive value of
feed materials. Carries out experiments to determine effects of different kinds of feed and
environmental conditions on quantity, quality, and nutritive value of milk produced. Develops
improved practices in care and management of dairy herds and use of improved buildings and
equipment. Studies physiology of reproduction and lactation, and carries out breeding programs
to improve dairy breeds [ANIMAL BREEDER (agriculture)]. May be designated according to
specialty as Dairy-Management Specialist (profess. & kin.); Dairy-Nutrition Specialist (profess.
& kin.).
040.061-022 DAIRY TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: dairy-manufacturing technologist; dairy-products technologist
Applies principles of bacteriology, chemistry, physics,
engineering, and economics to develop new and improved methods in production, preservation,
and utilization of milk, cheese, ice cream, and other dairy products: Conducts experiments in
such problems as preventing bacterial increase in milk during handling and processing,
improving pasteurization methods, and designing better packaging materials, dairy equipment, or
supplies. May specialize according to product, as ice cream or cheese, or according to functional
activity, as sanitation research or storage problems.
040.061-026 FIBER TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies nature, origin, use, improvement, and processing
methods of plant, animal, and synthetic fibers: Analyzes wool, mohair, cashmere, camel's hair,
alpaca, bristles, feathers, and similar animal and fowl fibers, plant fibers, such as cotton, linen,
and jute, and synthetic fibers and products made from these fibers. Applies principles of science
to improve growth and quality of fibers. Conducts experiments in blending fibers and develops
improved manufacturing methods for converting fibers into articles, such as cloth, felts, rugs,
mattresses, and brushes. Conducts tests on fibrous structures for quality control, such as tensile
strength and stability to heat, light, and chemicals. May be identified according to fibers studied.
040.061-030 FOREST ECOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in environmental factors affecting forests:
Carries out studies to determine what conditions account for prevalence of different varieties of
trees. Studies classification, life history, light and soil requirements, and resistance to disease and
insects of different species. Investigates adaptability of different species to new environmental
conditions, such as changes in soil type, climate, and altitude.
040.061-038 HORTICULTURIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts experiments and investigations to determine
methods of breeding, producing, storing, processing, and transporting of fruits, nuts, berries,
vegetables, flowers, bushes, and trees: Experiments to develop new or improved varieties having
higher yield, quality, nutritional value, resistance to disease, or adaptability to climates, soils,
uses, or processes. Determines best methods of planting, spraying, cultivating, and harvesting.
May specialize in research, breeding, production, or shipping and storage of fruits, nuts, berries,
vegetables, ornamental plants, or other horticultural products and be identified according to
specialty. May prepare articles and give lectures on horticultural specialty.
040.061-042 POULTRY SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in breeding, feeding, and management of
poultry: Examines selection and breeding practices to increase efficiency of production and
improve quality of poultry products [ANIMAL BREEDER (agriculture)]. Studies nutritional
requirements of various classes of poultry. Develops improved practices in incubation, brooding,
feeding, rearing, housing, artificial insemination, and disease and parasite prevention and control.
Studies effects of management practices and processing methods on quality of eggs and other
poultry products. May specialize in artificial insemination.
040.061-046 RANGE MANAGER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: range-management specialist
Conducts research in range problems to provide sustained
production of forage, livestock, and wildlife: Studies range lands to determine best grazing
seasons and number and kind of livestock that can be most profitably grazed. Plans and directs
construction and maintenance of range improvements, such as fencing, corrals, reservoirs for
stock watering, and structures for soil-erosion control. Develops improved practices for range
reseeding. Studies forage plants and their growth requirements to determine varieties best suited
to particular range. Develops methods for controlling poisonous plants, and for protecting range
from fire and rodent damage. May specialize in particular area and be designated Range
Conservationist (profess. & kin.).
040.061-050 SILVICULTURIST (profess. & kin.)
Establishes and cares for forest stands: Manages tree nurseries
and thins forests to encourage natural growth of sprouts or seedlings of desired varieties.
Conducts research in such problems of forest propagation and culture as tree growth rate, effects
of thinning on forest yield, duration of seed viability, and effects of fire and animal grazing on
growth, seed production, and germination of different species. Develops techniques for
measuring and identifying trees.
040.061-054 SOIL CONSERVATIONIST (profess. & kin.)
Plans and develops coordinated practices for soil erosion
control, moisture conservation, and sound land use: Conducts surveys and investigations on rural
or urban planning, agriculture, construction, forestry, or mining on measures needed to maintain
or restore proper soil management. Plans soil management practices, such as crop rotation,
reforestation, permanent vegetation, contour plowing, or terracing as related to soil and water
conservation. Prepares soil conservation plans in cooperation with state, county, or local
government, farmers, foresters, miners, or urban planners to provide for use and treatment of
land according to needs and capability. Applies principles of two or more specialized fields of
science, such as agronomy, soil science, forestry, or agriculture to achieve objectives of
conservation. May develop or participate in environmental studies.
040.061-058 SOIL SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies soil characteristics and maps soil types, and
investigates responses of soils to known management practices to determine use capabilities of
soils and effects of alternative practices on soil productivity: Classifies soils according to
standard types. Conducts experiments on farms or experimental stations to determine best soil
types for different plants. Performs chemical analysis on micro-organism content of soil to
determine microbial reactions and chemical and mineralogical relationship to plant growth.
Investigates responses of specific soil types to tillage, fertilization, nutrient transformations, crop
rotation, environmental consequences, water, gas or heat flow, industrial waste control and other
soil management practices. Advises interested persons on rural or urban land use. May specialize
in one or more types of activities relative to soil management and productivity and be designated
Soil Fertility Expert (profess. & kin.).
040.061-062 WOOD TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to determine composition, properties,
behavior, utilization, development, treatments, and processing methods of wood and wood
products: Analyzes physical, chemical, and biological properties of wood. Studies methods of
curing wood to determine best and most economical procedure. Develops and improves methods
of seasoning, preservation, and treating wood with substances to increase resistance to wear, fire,
fungi, insects, and marine borers. Conducts tests to determine ability of wood adhesives to
withstand water, oil penetration, temperature extremes, and stability, strength, hardness and
crystallinity of wood under variety of conditions. Evaluates and improves effectiveness of
industrial equipment and production processes. Investigates processes for converting wood into
commodities, such as alcohol, veneer, plywood, wood plastics, and other uses. Determines best
type of wood for specific application, and investigates methods of turning waste wood materials
into useful products. May specialize in research, quality control, marketing and sales, materials
engineering, management or administration, manufacturing, production, or process development.
040.167-010 FORESTER (profess. & kin.)
Manages and develops forest lands and resources for
economic and recreational purposes: Plans and directs forestation and reforestation projects.
Maps forest areas, estimates standing timber and future growth, and manages timber sales. Plans
cutting programs to assure continuous production of timber or to assist timber companies achieve
production goals. Determines methods of cutting and removing timber with minimum waste and
environmental damage and suggests methods of processing wood for various uses. Directs
suppression of forest fires and conducts fire-prevention programs. Plans and directs construction
and maintenance of recreation facilities, fire towers, trails, roads, and fire breaks. Assists in
planning and implementing projects for control of floods, soil erosion, tree diseases, and insect
pests in forests [ENTOMOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) 041.061-046; PLANT PATHOLOGIST
(profess. & kin.) 041.061-086; SOIL CONSERVATIONIST (profess. & kin.) 040.061-054].
Advises landowners on forestry management techniques and conducts public educational
programs on forest care and conservation. May participate in environmental studies and prepare
environmental reports. May supervise activities of other forestry workers [SUPERVISOR (any
industry) Master Title]. May patrol forests, enforce laws, and fight forest fires. May administer
budgets. May conduct research to improve knowledge of forest management. May specialize in
one aspect of forest management. May be designated Forestry Supervisor (profess. & kin.);
Woods Manager (profess. & kin.).
040.261-010 SOIL-CONSERVATION TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Provides technical assistance to land users in planning and
applying soil and water conservation practices, utilizing basic engineering and surveying tools,
instruments, and techniques and knowledge of agricultural and related sciences, such as
agronomy, soil conservation, and hydrology: Analyzes conservation problems of land and
discusses alternative solutions to problems with land users. Advises land users in developing
plans for conservation practices, such as conservation cropping systems, woodlands
management, pasture planning, and engineering systems, based on cost estimates of different
practices, needs of land users, maintenance requirements, and life expectancy of practices.
Computes design specification for particular practices to be installed, using survey and field
information technical guides, engineering field manuals, and calculator. Submits copy of
engineering design specifications to land users for implementation by land user or contractor.
Surveys property to mark locations and measurements, using surveying instruments. Monitors
projects during and after construction to ensure projects conform to design specifications.
Periodically revisits land users to view implemented land use practices and plans.
040.361-010 LABORATORY TECHNICIAN, ARTIFICIAL BREEDING (agriculture)
Measures purity and potency of animal semen to develop
improved methods of processing and preserving for artificial insemination: Observes sample of
freshly collected semen under microscope to determine mobility of sperm cells. Measures
density, using densiometer. Adds measured amounts of extender, sodium citrate, and antibiotics
to dilute and preserve sample. Transfers to refrigeration unit. Records data for use in compiling
history of sire. Cleans and sterilizes laboratory equipment. Performs experimental tests, as
directed, for purposes such as extension of cell survival rate and development of improved
preservation processes. Cultivates, isolates, and identifies pathogenic bacteria and other
micro-organisms in semen.
040.361-014 SEED ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: farm-seed specialist
Tests seed for germination, purity, and weed content: Plants
definite number of seeds in box of pure soil and counts number of plants that grow to calculate
percentage of germination. Inspects seed with magnifying glass or microscope for chaff, bits of
wood, and weed content (any seed other than the one under consideration).
041 OCCUPATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES This group includes occupations concerned with research in the reproduction, growth and development, structure, life processes, behavior, and classification of living organisms and the application of findings to the prevention of disease in the maintenance and promotion of health in plant and animal life. Also includes investigations into economic utilization, environmental impact, or harmful aspects of specific animals and plants.
041.061-010 ANATOMIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies form and structure of animal bodies: Examines large
organs and organ systems of body by systematic observation and dissection, and examines
minute structure of organs, tissues, and cells, using microscope. Compares structure of one
species with that of another. Determines ability of animal bodies to regenerate destroyed or
damaged parts, and investigates possibility of transplanting organs and skin segments from one
living body to another. Conducts research into basic laws of biological science to determine
application to human medicine.
041.061-014 ANIMAL BREEDER (profess. & kin.)
Develops systems of breeding desirable characteristics, such
as improvement in strength, maturity rate, disease resistance, and meat quality, into economically
important animals: Determines generic composition of animal populations, and heritability of
traits, utilizing principles of genetics. Crossbreeds animals within existing strains, or crosses
strains to obtain new combinations of desirable characteristics. Selects progeny having desired
strains of both parents, and continues process until acceptable result is obtained.
041.061-018 APICULTURIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies bee culture and breeding: Conducts experiments
regarding causes and controls of bee diseases and factors affecting yields of nectar and pollen on
various plants visited by bees. Conducts research into various phases of pollination. Improves
bee strains, utilizing selective breeding by artificial insemination.
041.061-022 AQUATIC BIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: aquatic ecologist
Studies plants and animals living in water, and environmental
conditions affecting them: Investigates salinity, temperature, acidity, light, oxygen content, and
other physical conditions of water to determine their relationship to aquatic life. Examines
various types of water life, such as plankton, worms, clams, mussels, and snails. May specialize
in study of salt water aquatic life and be designated Marine Biologist (profess. & kin.); or fresh
water aquatic life and be designated Limnologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in culture,
breeding, and raising of aquatic life, such as shrimp, lobsters, clams, oysters, or fish, and
commercial fish farm operations and be designated Aquaculturist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-026 BIOCHEMIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: chemist, biological
Studies chemical processes of living organisms: Conducts
research to determine action of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues
and vital processes of living organisms. Isolates, analyzes, and identifies hormones, vitamins,
allergens, minerals, and enzymes and determines effects on body functions. Examines chemical
aspects of formation of antibodies, and conducts research into chemistry of cells and blood
corpuscles. Studies chemistry of living processes, such as mechanisms of development of normal
and abnormal cells, breathing and digestion, and of living energy changes, such as growth, aging,
and death. May specialize in particular area or field of work and be designated Chemist, Clinical
(profess. & kin.); Chemist, Enzymes (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Proteins (profess. & kin.);
Chemist, Steroids (profess. & kin.). May clean, purify, refine, and otherwise prepare
pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution and develop new drugs and medications
and be designated Chemist, Pharmaceutical (profess. & kin.).
041.061-030 BIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies basic principles of plant and animal life, such as
origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and functions: May collect and analyze biological
data to determine environmental effects of present and potential use of land and water areas,
record data, and inform public, state, and federal representatives regarding test results. May
prepare environmental impact reports. May specialize in research centering around particular
plant, animal, or aspect of biology. May teach. May specialize in wildlife research and
management and be designated Wildlife Biologist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-034 BIOPHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies physical principles of living cells and organisms, their
electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena: Conducts research to investigate
dynamics in such areas as seeing and hearing; the transmission of electrical impulses along
nerves and muscles, and damage to cells and tissues caused by x rays and nuclear particles;
manner in which characteristics of plants and animals are carried forward through successive
generations; and absorption of light by chlorophyll in photosynthesis or by pigments of eye
involved in vision. Analyzes functions of electronic and human brains, such as transfer of
information into brain from outside (learning), transfer and manipulation of information within
brain (thinking), and storage of information (memory). Studies spatial configuration of
submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x ray and electron microscope. May specialize
in one activity, such as use of radiation and nuclear particles for treating cancer or use of atomic
isotopes to discover transformation of substances in cells.
041.061-038 BOTANIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies development and life processes, physiology, heredity,
environment, distribution, anatomy, morphology, and economic value of plants for application in
such fields as agronomy, forestry, horticulture, and pharmacology: Studies behavior of
chromosomes and reproduction, internal and external structures, and examines mechanics and
biochemistry of plants and plant cells, using microscopes, staining techniques, and scientific
equipment. Investigates environment and plant communities and effect of rainfall, temperature,
climate, soil, and elevation on plant growth from seed to mature plants. Identifies and classifies
plants. May conduct environmental studies and prepare reports. May be designated according to
field of specialization as Plant Ecologist (profess. & kin.); Plant Taxonomist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-042 CYTOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies plant and animal cells: Selects and sections minute
particles of animal or plant tissue for microscopic study, using microtome and other equipment
and employs stain techniques to make cell structures visible or to differentiate parts: Studies
parts of cells and details of cell division into new cells, using microscope. Analyzes cells
concerned with reproduction, and means by which chromosomes divide or unite. Studies
formation of sperm and eggs in animal sex glands and origin of blood and tissue cells. Conducts
research in physiology of unicellular organisms, such as protozoa, to ascertain physical and
chemical factors involved in growth. Studies influence of physical and chemical factors upon
malignant and normal cells. Evaluates exfoliated, asperated, or abraded cells to assess hormonal
status and presence of atypical or malignant changes. May be designated according to specialty
as Animal Cytologist (profess. & kin.); Plant Cytologist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-046 ENTOMOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies insects and their relation to plant and animal life:
Identifies and classifies species of insects and allied forms, such as mites and spiders. Aids in
control and elimination of agricultural, structural, and forest pests by developing new and
improved pesticides and cultural and biological methods, including use of natural enemies of
pests. Studies insect distribution and habitat and recommends methods to prevent importation
and spread of injurious species.
041.061-050 GENETICIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies inheritance and variation of characteristics in forms of
life: Performs experiments to determine laws, mechanisms, and environmental factors in origin,
transmission, and development of inherited traits. Analyzes determinants responsible for specific
inherited traits, such as color differences, size, and disease resistance to improve or to understand
relationship of heredity to maturity, fertility, or other factors. Devises methods for altering or
producing new traits, making use of chemicals, heat, light, or other means. May specialize in
particular branch of genetics, such as molecular genetics or population genetics. May perform
human genetic counseling or medical genetics.
041.061-054 HISTOPATHOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: histologist
Studies human or animal tissue to provide data to delineate
cause and progress of disease that impairs body function: Trains and oversees laboratory
personnel in preparing tissue sections or prepares tissue sections from surgical and diagnostic
cases and autopsies. Examines tissue under microscope to detect characteristics of cell structure
indicative of disease and writes diagnostic reports. Devises and directs use of special stains and
methods for isolating, identifying, and studying function, morphology, and pathology of obscure
or difficult-to-identify cells, tissues, and connecting fibers. May conduct autopsies to select tissue
specimens for study. May engage in research to develop techniques for diagnosing and
identifying pathological conditions. May study anatomy of body tissues, formation of organs,
and related problems to obtain data on body functions.
041.061-058 MICROBIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: bacteriologist
Studies growth, structure, development, and general
characteristics of bacteria and other micro-organisms: Isolates and makes cultures of significant
bacteria or other micro-organisms in prescribed or standard inhibitory media, controlling factors,
such as moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition. Identifies micro-organisms by microscopic
examination of physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics. Observes action of
micro-organisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other micro-organisms and on
dead organic matter. Makes chemical analyses of substances, such as acids, alcohols, and
enzymes, produced by bacteria and other micro-organisms on organic matter. May specialize in
study of viruses and rickettsiae and be designated Virologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in
particular material or product field and be designated Bacteriologist, Dairy (profess. & kin.);
Bacteriologist, Fishery (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist, Food (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist,
Industrial (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist, Medical (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist,
Pharmaceutical (profess. & kin.); or Bacteriologist, Soil (profess. & kin.).
041.061-062 MYCOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies mechanism of life processes of edible, poisonous, and
parasitic fungi to discover those that are useful to medicine, agriculture, and industry: Studies
structure, affinities, classification, genetics, physiology, and growth of fungi. Applies findings to
agriculture, medicine, and industry for development of drugs, medicines, molds, and yeasts. May
specialize in research and development in such fields as antibiotics or fabric deterioration. May
develop improved methods of propagating and growing edible fungi, as mushrooms and be
designated Mushroom-Spawn Maker (profess. & kin.).
041.061-066 NEMATOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies nematodes (roundworms) that are plant parasitic,
transmit diseases, attack insects, or attack soil, fresh water, or marine nematodes: Identifies and
classifies nematodes and studies structure, behavior, biology, ecology, physiology, nutrition,
culture, and distribution. Studies reactions of plants to parasitic nematodes and associations with
other plant disease agents. Develops methods and apparatus for securing representative soil
samples containing nematodes, and for isolating, mounting, counting, and identifying specimens.
Investigates and develops pest management and control measures, such as chemical, hot water
and steam treatments, soil fumigation, biological crop rotations, and cultural practices. See
PARASITOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) for scientists who specialize in study of nematodes that
are parasitic in man or animals.
041.061-070 PARASITOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies characteristics, habits, and life cycles of animal
parasites, such as protozoans, tapeworms, roundworms, flukes, and other parasitic organisms, to
determine manner in which they attack human beings and animals and effects produced:
Investigates modes of transmission from host to host. Develops methods and agents to combat
parasites. May specialize in study of one variety of parasite, such as animal parasites that attack
man, and be designated Medical Parasitologist (profess. & kin.); of parasitic worms and be
designated Helminthologist (profess. & kin.); of one celled free living and parasitic organisms
and be designated Protozoologist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-074 PHARMACOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies effects of drugs, gases, dusts, and other materials on
tissue and physiological processes of animals and human beings: Experiments with animals, such
as rats, guinea pigs, and mice, to determine reactions of drugs and other substances on
functioning of organs and tissues, noting effects on circulation, respiration, digestion, or other
vital processes. Standardizes drug dosages or methods of immunizing against industrial diseases
by correlating results of animal experiments with results obtained from clinical experimentation
on human beings. Investigates preventative methods and remedies for diseases, such as silicosis
and lead, mercury, and ammonia poisoning. Analyzes food preservatives and colorings, vermin
poisons, and other materials to determine toxic or nontoxic properties. Standardizes procedures
for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds.
041.061-078 PHYSIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on cellular structure and organ-system
functions of plants and animals: Studies growth, respiration, circulation, excretion, movement,
reproduction, and other functions of plants and animals under normal and abnormal conditions.
Performs experiments to determine effects of internal and external environmental factors on life
processes and functions, using microscope, x-ray equipment, spectroscope, and other equipment.
Studies glands and their relationship to bodily functions. May specialize in physiology of
particular body area, function, or system. May specialize in physiology of animals and be
designated Animal Physiologist (profess. & kin.); of plants and be designated Plant Physiologist
(profess. & kin.); of human organisms and be designated Medical Physiologist (medical ser.).
041.061-082 PLANT BREEDER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and carries out breeding studies to develop and improve
varieties of crops: Improves specific characteristics, such as yield, size, quality, maturity, and
resistance to frost, drought, disease and insect pests in plants, utilizing principles of genetics and
knowledge of plant growth. Develops variety and selects most desirable plants for crossing.
Breeds plants, using methods such as inbreeding, crossbreeding, backcrossing, outcrossing,
mutating, or interspecific hybridization and selection. Selects progeny having desired
characteristics and continues breeding and selection process to reach desired objectives.
041.061-086 PLANT PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in nature, cause, and control of plant
diseases and decay of plant products: Studies and compares healthy and diseased plants to
determine symptoms of diseased condition. Inoculates healthy plants with culture of suspected
agents taken from diseased plants and studies effects to determine agents responsible for disease.
Isolates disease-causing agent, studies habits and life cycle, and devises methods of destroying or
controlling agent [MICROBIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)]. Tests possible control measures under
laboratory and field conditions for comparative effectiveness, practicality, and economy.
Investigates comparative susceptibility of different varieties of plants and develops varieties
immune to disease [PLANT BREEDER (profess. & kin.)]. Studies rates of spread and intensity
of disease under different conditions of soil, climate, and geography, and predicts outbreaks of
plant diseases. Determines kinds of plants and insects that harbor or transmit disease. Studies
losses from deterioration of perishable plant products in transit or storage and develops practices
to prevent or reduce losses. Determines presence of disease producing agents in seed stocks to
reduce losses from seed borne diseases. May specialize in type of plant affected, such as cereal
crops, fruit, or forest trees, or by type of disease, such as bacterial, virus, fungus, mycoplasma, or
nematode. May inspect flower and vegetable seeds and flowering bulbs for diseases, infections,
and insect injuries.
041.061-090 ZOOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies origin, interrelationships, classification, life histories,
habits, life processes, diseases, relation to environment, growth and development, genetics, and
distribution of animals: Studies animals in natural habitat and collects specimens for laboratory
study. Dissects and examines specimens under microscope and uses chemicals and various types
of scientific equipment to carry out experimental studies. Prepares collections of preserved
specimens or microscopic slides for such purposes as identification of species, study of species
development, and study of animal diseases. May raise specimens for experimental purposes. May
specialize in one aspect of animal study, such as functioning of animal as an organism, or
development of organism from egg to embryo stage. May specialize in study of reptiles, frogs,
and salamanders and be designated Herpetologist (profess. & kin.); of fish and fishlike forms and
be designated Ichthyologist (profess. & kin.); of sponges, jellyfish, and protozoa and be
designated Invertebrate Zoologist (profess. & kin.); of birds and be designated Ornithologist
(profess. & kin.); of mammals and be designated Mammalogist (profess. & kin.). May study
animals for purposes of identification and classification and be designated Animal Taxonomist
(profess. & kin.); or study effects of environment on animals and be designated Animal Ecologist
(profess. & kin.).
041.061-094 STAFF TOXICOLOGIST (government ser.)
Studies effects of toxic substances on physiological functions
of human beings, animals, and plants to develop data for use in consumer protection and
industrial safety programs: Designs and conducts studies to determine physiological effects of
various substances on laboratory animals, plants, and human tissue, using biological and
biochemical techniques. Interprets results of studies in terms of toxicological properties of
substances and hazards associated with misuse of products containing substances. Provides
information concerning toxicological properties of products and materials to regulatory agency
personnel and industrial firms. Reviews toxicological data submitted by others for adequacy, and
suggests amendment or expansion of data to clarify or correct information. Confers with
governmental and industrial personnel to provide advice on precautionary labeling for hazardous
materials and products and on nature and degree of hazard in cases of accidental exposure or
ingestion. Prepares and maintains records of studies for use as toxicological resource material.
Testifies as expert witness on toxicology in hearings and court proceedings.
041.067-010 MEDICAL COORDINATOR, PESTICIDE USE (government ser.)
Studies human health-and-safety aspects of pesticides and
other agricultural chemicals: Studies long-term health implications of low-dose pesticide
exposure and determines safe worker reentry intervals. Reviews and provides recommendations
on medical regulations governing use of pesticides. Reviews information and recommendations
pertaining to safe levels of pesticide residues on agricultural products. Recommends
specifications for safe working conditions for workers exposed to pesticides or their residues, and
makes recommendations on public safety aspects of pesticide exposure. Confers with health
department personnel to develop programs to improve ability of physicians and other medical
personnel to diagnose, treat, and report pesticide-related illnesses. Confers with government
agency representatives, physicians, university staff members, and other research workers to
develop health and safety standards related to pesticide exposure. Advises industry
representatives on organization of adequate medical supervision programs for employers.
Prepares reports on research studies. Addresses interested groups as requested.
041.081-010 FOOD TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: food scientist
Applies scientific and engineering principles in research,
development, production technology, quality control, packaging, processing, and utilization of
foods: Conducts basic research, and new product research and development of foods. Develops
new and improved methods and systems for food processing, production, quality control,
packaging, and distribution. Studies methods to improve quality of foods, such as flavor, color,
texture, nutritional value, convenience, or physical, chemical, and microbiological composition
of foods. Develops food standards, safety and sanitary regulations, and waste management and
water supply specifications. Tests new products in test kitchen and develops specific processing
methods in laboratory pilot plant, and confers with process engineers, flavor experts, and
packaging and marketing specialists to resolve problems. May specialize in one phase of food
technology, such as product development, quality control, or production inspection, technical
writing, teaching, or consulting. May specialize in particular branch of food technology, such as
cereal grains, meat and poultry, fats and oils, seafood, animal foods, beverages, dairy products,
flavors, sugars and starches, stabilizers, preservatives, colors, and nutritional additives, and be
identified according to branch of food technology.
041.167-010 ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGIST (government ser.)
Plans, directs, and conducts studies concerned with incidence
of disease in industrial settings and effects of industrial chemicals on health: Confers with
industry representatives to select occupational groups for study and to arrange for collection of
data concerning work history of individuals and disease concentration and mortality rates among
groups. Plans methods of conducting epidemiological studies and provides detailed
specifications for collecting data to personnel participating in studies. Develops codes to
facilitate computer input of demographic and epidemiological data for use by data processing
personnel engaged in programming epidemiological statistics. Compares statistics on causes of
death among members of selected working populations with those among general population,
using life-table analyses. Analyzes data collected to determine probable effects of work settings
and activities on disease and mortality rates, using valid statistical techniques and knowledge of
epidemiology. Presents data in designated statistical format to illustrate common patterns among
workers in selected occupations. Initiates and maintains contacts with statistical and data
processing managers in other agencies to maintain access to epidemiological source materials.
Evaluates materials from all sources for addition to or amendment of epidemiological data bank.
Plans and directs activities of clerical and statistical personnel engaged in tabulation and analysis
of epidemiological information to ensure accomplishment of objectives.
041.261-010 PUBLIC-HEALTH MICROBIOLOGIST (government ser.)
Conducts experiments to detect presence of harmful or
pathogenic bacteria in water, food supply, or general environment of community and to control
or eliminate sources of possible pollution or contagion: Makes periodic laboratory counts of
bacteria in water supply. Analyzes samples of sewage for harmful micro-organisms and for rate
of sludge purification by aerobic bacteria. Examines milk, shellfish, and other food items for
micro-organisms constituting menace to public health. Cooperates with hospitals and clinical
laboratories in identifying micro-organisms taken from diseased persons to determine presence
of bacteria causing contagious or epidemic diseases. May inoculate members of community
against contagious diseases.
041.381-010 BIOLOGY SPECIMEN TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares and embeds in plastic, biological specimens of plant
and animal life for use as instructional aids: Selects plant or animal specimen in preserved or
dried state. Dissects animal and cleans all matter from skeletal structures. Prepares slices or cross
sections of small animals, embryos, or cross sections of animal organs, such as glands, kidneys,
hearts, or eyes. Selects, trims, and stains a variety of stalks, flowers, and leaves to show plant
structure and systems. Selects different stains to clearly indicate support structure, circulatory
system, or other feature of plant or animal. Assembles and positions components of specimen in
mold, using pins and holding devices. Mixes polylite plastic or other material and completes
embedding by varied molding techniques. Works with plants, animals, mollusks, insects, and
other classes of plants and animals. Identifies type and age of specimen, date of preparation, and
type of embedding material used. May operate incubator to grow chicken eggs for embryo
specimens. May prepare ecological kits which demonstrate polluting conditions in water, soil, or
air.
041.384-010 HERBARIUM WORKER (profess. & kin.)
Fumigates, presses, and mounts plant specimens, and
maintains collection records of herbarium maintained by botanical garden, museum, or other
institution: Records identification information concerning incoming plants. Places specimens in
fumigation cabinet and turns valves to release toxic fumes that destroy insects, fungus, or
parasites adhering to specimens. Arranges specimens between sheets of unsized paper so that
upper and under portions of leaves, blossoms, and other components are visible, and pads paper
with layers of felt and newsprint to protect specimens and form stacks. Places specified number
of stacks in pressing frame and writes identification information on top layer of paper on each
stack. Secures frame around stacks by tightening frame section with screws, fastening with
leather straps, or tying with twine, to compress stacks and press and dry specimens in desired
configuration. Mounts dried specimens on heavy paper, using glue, adhesive strips, or needle and
thread, taking care to prevent distortion or breakage of specimens. Writes identification
information on papers and inserts mounted specimens in labeled envelopes or folders. Files
folders in drawers or cabinets according to standard botanical classification system. Maintains
card files of specimens in herbarium collection and records of acquisitions, loans, exchanges, or
sales of specimens.
045 OCCUPATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with the collection, interpretation, and application of scientific data relating to human behavior and mental processes. Activities are in either applied fields of psychology or in basic science fields and research.
045.061-010 PSYCHOLOGIST, DEVELOPMENTAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates problems concerning growth and development of
emotional, mental, physical, and social aspects of individuals, to increase understanding of
origins of behavior and processes of human growth and decline: Formulates hypothesis or
research problem and selects or develops method of investigation to test hypothesis. Studies
behavior of children to analyze processes of learning, development of language in children, and
parents' influence on children's behavior. Administers intelligence and performance tests to
establish and measure patterns of intellectual and psychological growth, development, and
decline in children and adults. Observes and records behavior of infants to establish patterns of
social, motor, and sensory development. Analyzes growth of social values and attitudes, using
information obtained from observation, questionnaires, and interviews. Formulates theories
based on research findings for application in such fields as juvenile delinquency, education and
guidance of children, parent education, and welfare of aged. Experiments with animals
[PSYCHOLOGIST, EXPERIMENTAL (profess. & kin.)], to make comparative studies across
species lines to contribute to understanding of human behavior. May specialize in study and
treatment of children and be designated Child Psychologist (profess. & kin.).
045.061-014 PSYCHOLOGIST, ENGINEERING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: human factors specialist
Conducts research, development, application, and evaluation
of psychological principles relating human behavior to characteristics, design, and use of
environments and systems within which human beings work and live: Collaborates with
equipment designers in design, development, and utilization of man-machine systems to obtain
optimum efficiency in terms of human capabilities. Advises on human factors to be considered in
design of man-machine systems, military equipment, and industrial products. Participates in
solving such problems as determining numbers and kinds of workers required to operate
machines, allocation of functions to machines and operators, and layout and arrangement of work
sites. Analyzes jobs to establish requirements for use in classification, selection, placement, and
training of personnel [JOB ANALYST (profess. & kin.)]. Develops training methods and
materials, such as curriculums, lectures, and films, and prepares handbooks of human
engineering data for use by equipment and system designers. May conduct research to develop
psychological theories concerning such subjects as effects of physical factors (temperature,
humidity, vibration, noise, and illumination) on worker's behavior; functional design of dials,
scales, meters, and other instruments to minimize sensory requirements; specifications for
optimal size, shape, direction and speed of motion, and location of equipment controls; and
effects of environmental, organismic, and task or job variables on work behavior and life quality.
045.061-018 PSYCHOLOGIST, EXPERIMENTAL (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, conducts, and analyzes results of experiments
to study problems in psychology: Formulates hypotheses and experimental designs to investigate
problems of perception, memory, learning, personality, and cognitive processes. Designs and
constructs equipment and apparatus for laboratory study. Selects, controls, and modifies
variables in laboratory experiments with humans or animals, and observes and records behavior
in relation to variables. Analyzes test results, using statistical techniques, and evaluates
significance of data in relation to original hypothesis. Collaborates with other scientists in such
fields as physiology, biology, and sociology in conducting interdisciplinary studies of behavior
and formulating theories of behavior. Writes papers describing experiments and interpreting test
results for publication or for presentation at scientific meetings. May specialize in aesthetics,
memory, learning, autonomic functions, electroencephalography, feeling and emotion,
motivation, motor skills, perception, or higher order cognitive processes. May conduct
experiments to study relationship of behavior to various bodily mechanisms and be designated
Psychologist, Physiological (profess. & kin.). May specialize in study of animal behavior to
develop theories of animal and human behavior and be designated Psychologist, Comparative
(profess. & kin.).
045.067-010 PSYCHOLOGIST, EDUCATIONAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates processes of learning and teaching and develops
psychological principles and techniques applicable to educational problems to foster intellectual,
social, and emotional development of individuals: Conducts experiments to study importance of
motivation in learning, implications of transfer of training in teaching, and nature and causes of
individual differences in mental abilities to promote differentiated educational procedures to
meet individual needs of students. Analyzes characteristics and adjustment needs of superior and
inferior students and recommends educational program to promote maximum adjustment.
Formulates achievement, diagnostic, and predictive tests to aid teachers in planning methods and
content of instruction. Administers standardized tests to diagnose disabilities and difficulties
among students and to develop special methods of remedial instruction. Investigates traits and
attitudes of teachers to study conditions that contribute to or detract from optimal mental health
of teachers. Studies effects of teachers' feelings and attitudes upon pupils, and characteristics of
successful teachers to aid school administrators in selection and adjustment of teachers.
Collaborates with education specialists in developing curriculum content and methods of
organizing and conducting classroom work. May specialize in educational measurement, school
adjustment, school learning, or special education.
045.067-014 PSYCHOLOGIST, SOCIAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates psychological aspects of human
interrelationships to gain understanding of individual and group thought, feeling, and behavior,
utilizing behavioral observation, experimentation, or survey techniques: Evaluates individual and
group behavior, developing such techniques as rating scales and sampling methods to collect and
measure data. Conducts surveys and polls to measure and analyze attitudes and opinions as basis
for predicting economic, political, and other behavior, using interviews, questionnaires, and other
techniques, and adhering to principles of statistical sampling in selecting people. Observes and
analyzes relations of individuals to religious, racial, political, occupational, and other groups to
evaluate behavior of individuals toward one another in groups, attitudes that exist in groups, and
influence of group on individual. Investigates social behavior of individuals to study such
problems as origin and nature of prejudice and stereotyping, transmission of values and attitudes
in child rearing, and contribution of factors in social environment to individual mental health and
illness. Conducts experimental studies on motivation, morale, and leadership, and prepares
reports on findings.
045.067-018 PSYCHOMETRIST (profess. & kin.)
Administers, scores, and interprets intelligence, aptitude,
achievement, and other psychological tests to provide test information to teachers, counselors,
students, or other specified entitled party: Gives paper and pencil tests or utilizes testing
equipment, such as picture tests and dexterity boards, under standard conditions. Times tests and
records results. Interprets test results in light of standard norms, and limitations of test in terms of
validity and reliability.
045.107-010 COUNSELOR (profess. & kin.)
Counsels individuals and provides group educational and
vocational guidance services: Collects, organizes, and analyzes information about individuals
through records, tests, interviews, and professional sources, to appraise their interests, aptitudes,
abilities, and personality characteristics, for vocational and educational planning. Compiles and
studies occupational, educational, and economic information to aid counselees in making and
carrying out vocational and educational objectives. Refers students to placement service. Assists
individuals to understand and overcome social and emotional problems. May engage in research
and follow-up activities to evaluate counseling techniques. May teach classes. May be designated
according to area of activity as Academic Counselor (education); Career Placement Services
Counselor (education); Employment Counselor (government ser.); Guidance Counselor
(education); Vocational Adviser (education).
045.107-014 COUNSELOR, NURSES' ASSOCIATION (medical ser.)
Offers vocational, educational, and professional counseling to
registered professional nurses, licensed practical nurses, and prospective professional and
practical nurse students: Compiles credentials and prepares biographies of counselees. Provides
information relative to qualifications required, opportunities for placement and advancement,
wages, hours, and other data pertaining to selected field of work to assist nurses in determining
educational and vocational objectives. Refers qualified nurses to employers for placement.
Assists in establishing personnel policies relative to placement. Aids applicants in obtaining
vocational, health, or other assistance from community agencies. May assist in recruitment.
045.107-018 DIRECTOR OF COUNSELING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: counseling-center manager; director, counseling bureau; director, vocational counseling; head counselor
Directs personnel engaged in providing educational and
vocational guidance for students and graduates: Assigns and evaluates work of personnel.
Conducts in-service training program for professional staff. Coordinates counseling bureau with
school and community services. Analyzes counseling and guidance procedures and techniques to
improve quality of service. Counsels individuals and groups relative to personal and social
problems, and educational and vocational objectives. Addresses community groups and faculty
members to interpret counseling service. Supervises maintenance of occupational library for use
by counseling personnel. Directs activities of testing and occupational service center. May
supervise auxiliary services, such as student learning center. May supervise in-service training
programs in counseling, testing, or occupational information for graduate students. May teach
graduate courses in psychology, guidance, and related subjects. May participate in appraising
qualifications of candidates for faculty positions and eligibility of students for admission to
medical, nursing, and engineering schools.
045.107-022 CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: psychologist, clinical
Diagnoses or evaluates mental and emotional disorders of
individuals, and administers programs of treatment: Interviews patients in clinics, hospitals,
prisons, and other institutions, and studies medical and social case histories. Observes patients in
play or other situations, and selects, administers, and interprets intelligence, achievement,
interest, personality, and other psychological tests to diagnose disorders and formulate plans of
treatment. Treats psychological disorders to effect improved adjustments utilizing various
psychological techniques, such as milieu therapy, psychodrama, play therapy and hypnosis.
Selects approach to use in individual therapy, such as directive, nondirective, and supportive
therapy, and plans frequency, intensity, and duration of therapy. May collaborate with
PSYCHIATRIST (medical ser.) 070.107-014, and other specialists in developing treatment
programs for patients. May instruct and direct students serving psychological internships in
hospitals and clinics. May develop experimental designs and conduct research in fields of
personality development and adjustment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental
disorders. May serve as consultant to industrial, social, educational, welfare, and other agencies
on individual cases or in evaluation, planning, and development of mental health programs. May
specialize in behavior problems and therapy, crime and delinquency, group therapy, individual
diagnosis and therapy, mental deficiency, objective tests, projective techniques, or speech
pathology.
045.107-026 PSYCHOLOGIST, COUNSELING (profess. & kin.)
Provides individual and group counseling services in
universities and colleges, schools, clinics, rehabilitation centers, Veterans Administration
hospitals, and industry, to assist individuals in achieving more effective personal, social,
educational, and vocational development and adjustment: Collects data about individual through
use of interview, case history, and observational techniques. Selects and interprets psychological
tests designed to assess individual's intelligence, aptitudes, abilities, and interests, applying
knowledge of statistical analysis. Evaluates data to identify causes of problem of individuals and
to determine advisability of counseling or referral to other specialists or institutions. Conducts
counseling or therapeutic interviews to assist individual to gain insight into personal problems,
define goals, and plan action reflecting interests, abilities, and needs. Provides occupational,
educational, and other information to enable individual to formulate realistic educational and
vocational plans. Follows up results of counseling to determine reliability and validity of
treatment used. May engage in research to develop and improve diagnostic and counseling
techniques. May administer and score psychological tests.
045.107-030 PSYCHOLOGIST, INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL (profess. & kin.)
Develops and applies psychological techniques to personnel
administration, management, and marketing problems: Observes details of work and interviews
workers and supervisors to establish physical, mental, educational, and other job requirements.
Develops interview techniques, rating scales, and psychological tests to assess skills, abilities,
aptitudes, and interests as aids in selection, placement, and promotion. Organizes training
programs, applying principles of learning and individual differences, and evaluates and measures
effectiveness of training methods by statistical analysis of production rate, reduction of accidents,
absenteeism, and turnover. Counsels workers to improve job and personal adjustments. Conducts
research studies of organizational structure, communication systems, group interactions, and
motivational systems, and recommends changes to improve efficiency and effectiveness of
individuals, organizational units, and organization. Investigates problems related to physical
environment of work, such as illumination, noise, temperature, and ventilation, and recommends
changes to increase efficiency and decrease accident rate. Conducts surveys and research studies
to ascertain nature of effective supervision and leadership and to analyze factors affecting morale
and motivation. Studies consumer reaction to new products and package designs, using surveys
and tests, and measures effectiveness of advertising media to aid in sale of goods and services.
May advise management on personnel policies and labor-management relations. May adapt
machinery, equipment, workspace, and environment to human use. May specialize in
development and application of such techniques as job analysis and classification, personnel
interviewing, ratings, and vocational tests for use in selection, placement, promotion, and
training of workers and be designated Psychologist, Personnel (profess. & kin.). May apply
psychological principles and techniques to selection, training, classification, and assignment of
military personnel and be designated Psychologist, Military Personnel (profess. & kin.). May
conduct surveys and tests to study consumer reaction to new products and package design and to
measure effectiveness of advertising media to aid manufacturers in sale of goods and services
and be designated Market-Research Analyst (profess. & kin.) II.
045.107-034 PSYCHOLOGIST, SCHOOL (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates needs of average, gifted, handicapped, and
disturbed children within educational system or school, and plans and carries out programs to
enable children to attain maximum achievement and adjustment: Conducts diagnostic studies to
identify child's needs, limitations, and potentials, observing child in classroom and at play,
studying school records, consulting with parents and school personnel, and administering and
interpreting diagnostic findings. Plans special placement or other treatment programs. Counsels
pupils individually and in groups, using psychodrama, play therapy, personal interviews, and
other psychological methods to assist pupils to achieve personal, social, and emotional
adjustment. Carries out research to aid in introduction of programs in schools to meet current
psychological, educational, and sociological needs of children. Advises teachers and other school
personnel on methods to enhance school and classroom atmosphere to provide motivating
educational environment. Refers individuals to community agencies to secure medical,
vocational, or social services for child or family. Participates in planning of remedial classes and
testing programs designed to meet needs of students. Serves as consultant to school board,
superintendent, administrative committees, and parent-teacher groups in matters involving
psychological services within educational system or school.
045.107-038 RESIDENCE COUNSELOR (education) alternate titles: counselor, dormitory; dormitory supervisor; head resident, dormitory
Provides individual and group guidance services relative to
problems of scholastic, educational, and personal-social nature to dormitory students: Suggests
remedial or corrective actions and assists students in making better adjustments and in planning
intelligent life goals. Plans and directs program to orient new students and assists in their
integration into campus life. Initiates and conducts group conferences to plan and discuss
programs and policies related to assignment of quarters, social and recreational activities, and
dormitory living. Supervises dormitory activities. Investigates reports of misconduct and
attempts to resolve or eliminate causes of conflict. May interview all dormitory students to
determine need for counseling.
045.107-042 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION COUNSELOR (government ser.) alternate titles: counselor, vocational rehabilitation
Counsels handicapped individuals to provide vocational
rehabilitation services: Interviews and evaluates handicapped applicants, and confers with
medical and professional personnel to determine type and degree of handicap, eligibility for
service, and feasibility of vocational rehabilitation. Accepts or recommends acceptance of
suitable candidates. Determines suitable job or business consistent with applicant's desires,
aptitudes, and physical, mental, and emotional limitations. Plans and arranges for applicant to
study or train for job. Assists applicant with personal adjustment throughout rehabilitation
program. Aids applicant in obtaining medical and social services during training. Promotes and
develops job openings and places qualified applicant in employment. May specialize in type of
disability, such as mental illness, alcohol abuse, hearing and visual impairment, or readjustment
after prison release.
045.107-046 PSYCHOLOGIST, CHIEF (profess. & kin.)
Plans psychological service programs and directs,
coordinates, and participates in activities of personnel engaged in providing psychological
services to clients in psychiatric center or hospital: Reviews reports, case management reviews,
and psychiatric center's or hospital's procedural manual to assess need for psychological services.
Plans psychological treatment programs that meet standards of accreditation. Plans utilization of
available staff, assigns staff to treatment units, and recruits professional and nonprofessional
psychological staff. Develops, directs, and participates in training programs. Directs testing and
evaluation of new admissions and re-evaluation of present clients. Participates in staff
conferences to evaluate and plan treatment programs. Interviews clients that present difficult and
complex diagnostic problems and assesses their psychological status. Reviews management of
cases, assignments, case problems, issues, and methods of treatment. Works with community
agencies to develop effective corrective programs and to arrange to provide psychological
services. Plans and supervises psychological research. Collaborates with psychiatrists and other
professional staff to help develop comprehensive program of therapy, evaluation, and treatment.
045.107-050 CLINICAL THERAPIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: clinical counselor
Counsels individuals or groups regarding psychological or
emotional problems, such as stress, substance abuse, or family situations, using evaluative
techniques, and develops and implements therapeutic treatment plan in medical setting:
Interviews patient to obtain information concerning medical history or other pertinent
information. Observes client to detect indications of abnormal physical or mental behavior.
Selects and administers various tests, such as psychological tests, personality inventories, and
intelligence quotient tests, to identify behavioral or personality traits and intelligence levels, and
records results. Reviews results of tests to evaluate client needs. Plans and administers
therapeutic treatment, such as behavior modification and stress management therapy, using
biofeedback equipment, to assist patient in controlling disorders and other problems. Changes
method and degree of therapy when indicated by client reactions. Discusses progress toward
goals with client, such as controlling weight, stress, or substance abuse. Consults with medical
doctor or other specialists concerning treatment plan and amends plan as directed. Conducts
relaxation exercises, peer counseling groups, and family counseling during clinical therapy
sessions. Refers client to supportive services to supplement treatment and counseling. May
conduct research in treatment and test validation. May develop evaluative studies of therapy and
therapy outcome.
045.107-054 COUNSELOR, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY (profess. & kin.)
Provides individual, marital, and family counseling services
to adults and children, to assist clients to identify personal and interactive problems, and to
achieve effective personal, marital, and family development and adjustment: Collects
information about clients (individuals, married couples, or families), using interview, case
history, and observation techniques, $T3funnel approach$T1, and appraisal and assessment
methods. Analyzes information collected to determine advisability of counseling or referral to
other specialists or institutions. Reviews notes and information collected to identify problems
and concerns. Consults reference material, such as textbooks, manuals, and journals, to identify
symptoms, make diagnoses, and develop therapeutic or treatment plan. Counsels clients, using
counseling methods and procedures, such as psychotherapy and hypnosis, to assist clients in
gaining insight into personal and interactive problems, to define goals, and to plan action
reflecting interests, abilities, and needs. Evaluates results of counseling methods to determine
reliability and validity of treatment used. Interacts with other professionals to discuss therapy or
treatment, new resources or techniques, and to share information.
045.107-058 SUBSTANCE ABUSE COUNSELOR (profess. & kin.)
Counsels and aids individuals and families requiring
assistance dealing with substance abuse problems, such as alcohol or drug abuse: Interviews
clients, reviews records, and confers with other professionals to evaluate condition of client.
Formulates program for treatment and rehabilitation of client, using knowledge of drug and
alcohol abuse problems and counseling and treatment techniques. Counsels clients individually
and in group sessions to assist client in overcoming alcohol and drug dependency. Counsels
family members to assist family in dealing with and providing support for client. Refers client to
other support services as needed, such as medical evaluation and treatment, social services, and
employment services. Monitors condition of client to evaluate success of therapy, and adapts
treatment as needed. Prepares and maintains reports and case histories. May formulate and
conduct programs to promote prevention of alcohol and drug abuse. May prepare documents for
presentation in court and accompany client to court as needed.
045.117-010 DIRECTOR OF GUIDANCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS (education) alternate titles: supervisor, counseling and guidance; supervisor of guidance and testing; supervisor of research
Organizes, administers, and coordinates guidance program in
public school system: Formulates guidance policies and procedures. Plans and conducts
in-service training program for guidance workers and selected teachers. Plans and supervises
testing program in school system and devises and directs use of records, reports, and other
material essential to program. Supervises school placement service. Establishes and supervises
maintenance of occupational libraries in schools. Coordinates guidance activities with
community agencies and other areas of school system. Conducts or supervises research studies to
evaluate effectiveness of guidance program. May counsel students on referral basis relative to
educational and vocational objectives and personal and social problems.
049 OCCUPATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with the application of theoretical or practical aspects of life science.
049.127-010 PARK NATURALIST (government ser.)
Plans, develops, and conducts programs to inform public of
historical, natural, and scientific features of national, state, or local park: Confers with park staff
to determine subjects to be presented and program schedule. Surveys park to determine forest
conditions and distribution and abundance of fauna and flora. Interviews specialists in desired
fields to obtain and develop data for programs. Takes photographs and motion pictures to
illustrate lectures and publications and to develop displays. Plans and develops audiovisual
devices, prepares and presents illustrated lectures, constructs visitor-center displays, and
conducts field trips to point out scientific, historic, and natural features of park. Performs
emergency duties to protect human life, government property, and natural features of park. May
plan, organize, and direct activities of seasonal staff members. May maintain official
photographic and informational files for department.
049.364-010 FEED-RESEARCH AIDE (agriculture)
Feeds rations of experimental feeds to animals, such as
poultry, dogs, and cows, and compiles data on growth, productivity, and health of animals:
Weighs feed rations and livestock and gathers eggs and milks cows. Observes livestock to note
changes in health and preference for certain foods. Records data for evaluation by professional
personnel. Waters stock and cleans pens.
049.364-014 VECTOR CONTROL ASSISTANT (government ser.)
Assists public health staff in activities concerned with
identification, prevention, and control of vectors (disease-carrying insects and rodents): Carries
and sets up field equipment to be used in surveys of number and type of vectors in area. Sets
traps and cuts through brush and weeds to obtain specimens of vector population for use in
laboratory tests, using sweep. Prepares, mounts, and stores specimens, following instructions of
supervisor. Prepares reports of field surveys and laboratory tests based upon information
obtained from personnel involved in specific activities, for use in planning and carrying out
projects for prevention and control of vectors.
049.364-018 BIOLOGICAL AIDE (agriculture)
Assists research workers in experiments in biology,
bacteriology, plant pathology, mycology, and related agricultural sciences: Sets up laboratory
and field equipment, performs routine tests, and keeps records of plant growth, experimental
plots, greenhouse activity, use of insecticides, bee hives, and other agricultural experimentation.
Cleans and maintains field and laboratory equipment.
05 OCCUPATIONS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES This division includes occupations concerned with human society and its characteristic elements, such as origin, race, or state; and with economic and social relations and institutions involved in man's existence as a member of an organized community.
050 OCCUPATIONS IN ECONOMICS This group includes occupations concerned with research and application of economic principles relating to sources of income, expenditures, development of natural resources, and production and consumption of goods. Includes developing theories based on research data and formulating plans to aid in the solution of economic problems in such fields as agriculture, credit and financing, taxation, industry, international trade, and labor supply.
050.067-010 ECONOMIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: economic analyst
Plans, designs, and conducts research to aid in interpretation
of economic relationships and in solution of problems arising from production and distribution of
goods and services: Studies economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as
finance, labor, or agriculture. Devises methods and procedures for collecting and processing data,
utilizing knowledge of available sources of data and various econometric and sampling
techniques. Compiles data relating to research area, such as employment, productivity, and
wages and hours. Reviews and analyzes economic data in order to prepare reports detailing
results of investigation, and to stay abreast of economic changes. Organizes data into report
format and arranges for preparation of graphic illustrations of research findings. Formulates
recommendations, policies, or plans to aid in market interpretation or solution of economic
problems, such as recommending changes in methods of agricultural financing, domestic, and
international monetary policies, or policies that regulate investment and transfer of capital. May
supervise and assign work to staff. May testify at regulatory or legislative hearings to present
recommendations. May specialize in specific economic area or commodity and be designated
Agricultural Economist (profess. & kin.); Commodity-Industry Analyst (profess. & kin.);
Financial Economist (profess. & kin.); Industrial Economist (profess. & kin); International-Trade
Economist (profess. & kin.); Labor Economist (profess. & kin.); Price Economist (profess. &
kin.); Tax Economist (profess. & kin.).
050.067-014 MARKET-RESEARCH ANALYST I (profess. & kin.)
Researches market conditions in local, regional, or national
area to determine potential sales of product or service: Establishes research methodology and
designs format for data gathering, such as surveys, opinion polls, or questionnaires. Examines
and analyzes statistical data to forecast future marketing trends. Gathers data on competitors and
analyzes prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. Collects data on customer
preferences and buying habits. Prepares reports and graphic illustrations of findings.
050.117-010 DIRECTOR, EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH AND PLANNING (government ser.)
Directs activities of personnel engaged in compiling,
analyzing, and presenting data on employment problems, unemployment compensation benefits,
and labor market activities: Plans and directs research projects and surveys to develop data for
administration of federal or state laws governing employment service activities. Directs analysis
of statistical data for implementing employment service programs and for supplying information
to legislative bodies in revising employment legislation. Confers with government officials,
employers, labor leaders, and other parties to disseminate and secure information on employment
problems and assist in formulating policies to meet demonstrated needs. Advises legislators on
implications of employment and training planning and program activities.
051 OCCUPATIONS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE This group includes occupations concerned with research in the origin, development, and organization of formal and informal political entities. Includes developing theories based on research data; and making recommendations for the solution of problems in such fields as organization and administration of national and local governments, international organizations and relations, governmental policies in foreign and domestic matters, and the relations between governments and special interest groups.
051.067-010 POLITICAL SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies phenomena of political behavior, such as origin,
development, operation, and interrelationships of political institutions, to formulate and develop
political theory: Conducts research into political philosophy and theories of political systems,
utilizing information available on political phenomena, such as governmental institutions, public
laws and administration, political party systems, and international law. Consults with
government officials, civic bodies, research agencies, and political parties. Analyzes and
interprets results of studies, and prepares reports detailing findings, recommendations or
conclusions. May organize and conduct public opinion surveys and interpret results. May
specialize in specific geographical, political, or philosophical aspect of political behavior.
052 OCCUPATIONS IN HISTORY This group includes occupations concerned with recording past or current events dealing with some phase of human activity, either in terms of individuals or social, ethnic, political, or geographic groups. Includes occupations in biography and genealogy.
052.067-010 BIOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Specializes in reconstruction in narrative form of career or
phase in life of individual: Assembles biographical material from sources, such as news
accounts, diaries, personal papers and correspondence, written accounts of events in which
subject participated, and consultation with associates and relatives of subject. Portrays character
and behavior of subject on basis of historical environment and application of psychological
analysis, relating subject's activities to pertinent events during subject's lifetime [WRITER,
PROSE, FICTION AND NONFICTION (profess. & kin.)].
052.067-014 DIRECTOR, STATE-HISTORICAL SOCIETY (profess. & kin.)
Directs activities of state historical society: Directs and
coordinates activities of research staff. Reviews publications and exhibits prepared by staff prior
to public release in order to ensure historical accuracy of presentations. Speaks before various
groups, organizations, and clubs to promote society aims and activities. Consults with or advises
other individuals on historical authenticity of various materials. Conducts historical research on
subjects or topics of import to society. Performs administrative duties, such as budget
preparation, employee evaluation, and program planning. May edit society publications. May
conduct campaigns to raise funds for society programs and projects.
052.067-018 GENEALOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into genealogical background of individual
or family in order to establish descent from specific ancestor or to discover and identify forebears
of individual or family: Consults American and foreign genealogical tables and publications and
documents, such as church and court records, for evidence of births, baptisms, marriages, deaths,
and legacies in order to trace lines of descent or succession. Constructs chart showing lines of
descent and family relationships. Prepares history of family in narrative form or writes brief
sketches emphasizing points of interest in family background.
052.067-022 HISTORIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares in narrative, brief, or outline form chronological
account or record of past or current events dealing with some phase of human activity, either in
terms of individuals, or social, ethnic, political, or geographic groupings: Assembles historical
data by consulting sources of information, such as historical indexes and catalogs, archives, court
records, diaries, news files, and miscellaneous published and unpublished materials. Organizes
and evaluates data on basis of authenticity and relative significance. Acts as adviser or
consultant, and performs research for individuals, institutions, and commercial organizations on
subjects, such as technological evolution within industry or manners and customs peculiar to
certain historical period. May trace historical development within restricted field of research,
such as economics, sociology, or philosophy.
052.067-026 HISTORIAN, DRAMATIC ARTS (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to authenticate details, such as customs,
costumes, manners of speech, architectural styles, modes of transportation, and other items
peculiar to given historical period or specific locality, to avoid anachronisms and inaccuracies in
presentation of stage or radio dramas or motion pictures. Reads written historical texts and
documents and pictorial material in libraries and museums, consults experts or witnesses of
historical events, and visits and observes peculiarities of areas to be used as locale of drama to
procure information.
052.167-010 DIRECTOR, RESEARCH (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Directs activities of motion picture or television production
research department, and conducts research on various subjects to ensure historical authenticity
of productions: Researches specific period, locality or historical event to obtain authentic
background for production, such as customs, speech characteristics, or dress, and architectural
style of era. Advises members of production staff on matters relating to historical details of
subject being photographed or recorded. Reviews and collects data, such as books, pamphlets,
periodicals, and rare newspapers, to provide source material for research. Approves or
recommends purchase of library reference materials for department, and coordinates activities of
workers engaged in cataloging and filing materials. May translate or request translation of
reference materials.
054 OCCUPATIONS IN SOCIOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with research on the development, structure, and processes of society, its institutions and cultures, and the behavior of human beings as members of collectivities and of social systems; on development and consequences of expected and deviant behavior; and on economic, political, and other differences in customs and institutions among cultures. Occupations in social work are included in Group 195.
054.067-010 RESEARCH WORKER, SOCIAL WELFARE (profess. & kin.)
Plans, organizes, and conducts research for use in
understanding social problems and for planning and carrying out social welfare programs:
Develops research designs on basis of existing knowledge and evolving theory. Constructs and
tests methods of data collection. Collects information and makes judgments through observation,
interview, and review of documents. Analyzes and evaluates data. Writes reports containing
descriptive, analytical, and evaluative content. Interprets methods employed and findings to
individuals within agency and community. May direct work of statistical clerks, statisticians, and
others. May collaborate with research workers in other disciplines. May be employed in
voluntary or governmental social welfare agencies, community welfare councils, and schools of
social work.
054.067-014 SOCIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into development, structure, and behavior
of groups of human beings and patterns of culture and social organization which have arisen out
of group life in society. Collects and analyzes scientific data concerning social phenomena, such
as community, associations, social institutions, ethnic minorities, social classes, and social
change. May teach sociology, direct research, prepare technical publications, or act as consultant
to lawmakers, administrators, and other officials dealing with problems of social policy. May
specialize in research on relationship between criminal law and social order in causes of crime
and behavior of criminals and be designated Criminologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in
research on punishment for crime and control and prevention of crime, management of penal
institutions, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders and be designated Penologist (profess. &
kin.). May specialize in research on group relationships and processes in an industrial
organization and be designated Industrial Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in
research on rural communities in contrast with urban communities and special problems
occasioned by impact of scientific and industrial revolutions on rural way of life and be
designated Rural Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in research on interrelations
between physical environment and technology in spatial distribution of people and their activities
and be designated Social Ecologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in research on social
problems arising from individual or group deviation from commonly accepted standards of
conduct, such as crime and delinquency, or social problems and racial discrimination rooted in
failure of society to achieve its collective purposes and be designated Social Problems Specialist
(profess. & kin.). May specialize in research on origin, growth, structure, and demographic
characteristics of cities and social patterns and distinctive problems that result from urban
environment and be designated Urban Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in research
on social factors affecting health care, including definition of illness, patient and practitioner
behavior, social epidemiology, and delivery of health care, and be designated Medical
Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May plan and conduct demographic research, surveys, and
experiments to study human populations and affecting trends and be designated Demographer
(profess. & kin.) II.
054.107-010 CLINICAL SOCIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Develops and implements corrective procedures to alleviate
group dysfunctions: Confers with individuals and groups to determine nature of group
dysfunction. Observes group interaction and interviews group members to identify problems
related to factors such as group organization, authority relationships, and role conflicts. Develops
approaches to solution of group's problems, based on findings and incorporating sociological
research and study in related disciplines. Develops intervention procedures, utilizing techniques
such as interviews, consultations, role playing, and participant observation of group interaction,
to facilitate resolution of group problems. Monitors group interaction and role affiliations to
evaluate progress and to determine need for additional change.
055 OCCUPATIONS IN ANTHROPOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with research to determine the origin and development of the human race by comparing physical characteristics of fossilized human remains with those of existing racial groups; and research in the cultural and social development of civilization from data previously recorded or from the study of relics and ruins encountered in excavations.
055.067-010 ANTHROPOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Makes comparative studies in relations to distribution, origin,
evolution, and races of humans, cultures they have created, and their distribution and physical
characteristics: Gathers, analyzes, and reports data on human physique, social customs, and
artifacts, such as weapons, tools, pottery, and clothing. May apply anthropological data and
techniques to solution of problems in human relations in fields, such as industrial relations, race
and ethnic relations, social work, political administration, education, public health, and programs
involving transcultural or foreign relations. May specialize in application of anthropological
concepts to current problems and be designated Applied Anthropologist (profess. & kin.). May
specialize in study of relationships between language and culture and socialinguistic studies and
be designated Anthropological Linguist (profess. & kin.); or in study of relationship between
individual personality and culture and be designated Psychological Anthropologist (profess. &
kin.); or in study of complex, industrialized societies and be designated Urban Anthropologist
(profess. & kin.).
055.067-014 ANTHROPOLOGIST, PHYSICAL (profess. & kin.)
Studies meanings and causes of human physical differences
and interrelated effects of culture, heredity, and environment on human form: Studies human
fossils and their meaning in terms of long-range human evolution. Observes and measures bodily
variations and physical attributes of existing human types. Studies physical and physiological
adaptations to differing environments and hereditary characteristics of living populations. Studies
growth patterns, sexual differences, and aging phenomena of human groups, current and past.
May study museum collections of skeletal remains. May specialize in measurement of body or
skeleton and be designated Anthropometrist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in epidemiology
and nutritional studies, especially in developing or preliterate societies, and be designated
Medical Anthropologist (profess. & kin.).
055.067-018 ARCHEOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Reconstructs record of extinct cultures, especially preliterate
cultures: Studies, classifies, and interprets artifacts, architectural features, and types of structures
recovered by excavation in order to determine age and cultural identity. Establishes
chronological sequence of development of each culture from simpler to more advanced levels.
May specialize in study of literate periods of major civilizations in Near and Middle East and be
designated Archeologist, Classical (profess. & kin.). May specialize in study of past Columbian
history of the Americas and be designated Historical Archeologist (profess. & kin.).
055.067-022 ETHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Makes comparative studies of cultures or of selected aspects
of cultures of living peoples and of peoples no longer in existence in order to determine historical
relations, arrive at typological classifications, and make generalizations concerning cultural
process and human behavior: Studies cultures of societies, particularly preindustrial and
non-Western societies, including social and political organization, religion, economics,
mythology and traditions, and intellectual and artistic life. May formulate general laws of
cultural development, general rules of social and cultural behavior, or general value orientations.
May specialize in description of details of custom and belief and their interrelations in one
culture at a time and be designated Ethnographer (profess. & kin.).
055.381-010 CONSERVATOR, ARTIFACTS (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: preservationist
Cleans, restores, and preserves archeological specimens and
historical artifacts according to accepted chemical and physical techniques and training in
archeological science: Cleans and repairs or reinforces specimens, such as weapons, mummified
remains, and pottery, using handtools and prescribed chemical agents. Restores artifacts by
polishing, joining together broken fragments, or other procedures, using handtools, power tools,
and acid, chemical, or electrolytic corrosion-removal baths. Treats specimens to prevent or
minimize deterioration, according to accepted procedures. Records treatment of each artifact.
Prepares reports of activities. May plan and conduct research to improve methods of restoring
and preserving specimen.
059 OCCUPATIONS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with the application of the theoretical or practical aspects of social sciences.
059.067-010 PHILOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies structure and development of specific language or
language group: Traces origin and evolution of words and syntax through comparative analysis
of ancient parent languages and modern language groups, studying word and structural
characteristics, such as morphology, semantics, phonology, accent, grammar, and literature.
Identifies and classifies obscure languages, both ancient and modern, according to family and
origin. Reconstructs and deciphers ancient languages from examples found in archeological
remains of past civilizations. May specialize in study of origin, history, and development of
words and be designated Etymologist (profess. & kin.).
059.067-014 SCIENTIFIC LINGUIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: linguist
Studies components, structure, and relationships within
specified language to provide comprehension of its social functioning: Prepares description of
sounds, forms, and vocabulary of language. Contributes to development of linguistic theory.
Applies linguistic theory to any of following areas: development of improved methods in
translation, including computerization; teaching of language to other than native speakers;
preparation of language-teaching materials, dictionaries, and handbooks; reducing previously
unwritten languages to standardized written form; preparation of literacy materials; preparation
of tests for language-learning aptitudes and language proficiency; consultation with government
agencies regarding language programs; or preparation of descriptions of comparative languages
to facilitate improvement of teaching and translation.
059.167-010 INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.)
Plans and directs research into proposed problem solutions or
courses of action to determine feasibility of military planning alternatives: Confers with military
leaders and supporting personnel to determine dimensions of problem and discuss proposals for
solution. Develops plans for predicting such factors as cost and probable success of each
alternative, according to accepted operations research techniques and mathematical or computer
formulations. Evaluates results of research and prepares recommendations for implementing or
rejecting proposed solutions or plans. May be designated according to nature of research
conducted as Air Intelligence Specialist (profess. & kin.); Combat Operations Research
Specialist (profess. & kin.).
059.267-010 INTELLIGENCE SPECIALIST (government ser.)
Evaluates data concerning subversive activities, enemy
propaganda, and military or political conditions in foreign countries to facilitate counteraction by
United States, according to familiarity with geography, cultural traditions, and social, political,
and economic structure of countries under consideration.
059.267-014 INTELLIGENCE SPECIALIST (military ser.)
Collects, records, analyzes, and disseminates tactical,
strategic, or technical intelligence information: Segregates and records incoming intelligence
data according to type of data to facilitate comparison, study, and accessibility. Prepares and
analyzes information concerning strength, equipment, location, disposition, organization, and
movement of enemy forces. Assists intelligence officers in analysis and selection of aerial
bombardment targets. Compiles intelligence information to be used in preparing situation maps,
charts, visual aids, briefing papers, reports, and publications. Briefs and debriefs ground or
aviation personnel prior to and after missions. Maintains intelligence libraries, including maps,
charts, documents, and other items. Plans or assists superiors in planning and supervising
intelligence activities of unit assigned. May examine source materials and compile terrain
intelligence, such as condition of travel routes over land, port facilities, and sources of water,
sand, gravel, rock, and timbers.
07 OCCUPATIONS IN MEDICINE AND HEALTH This division includes occupations concerned with the health care of humans or animals in the fields of medicine, surgery, and dentistry; and in related patient-care areas, such as nursing, therapy, dietetics, prosthetics, rehabilitation, diagnostic imaging, and pharmacy. Also includeed are occupations in sanitation, environmental and public health, and in laboratories and other health facilities. Many occupations in this category require licensing or registration to practice or use a specific title.
070 PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS This group includes occupations concerned with diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries; and research in the causes, transmission, and control of diseases and other ailments.
070.061-010 PATHOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: medical pathologist
Studies nature, cause, and development of diseases, and
structural and functional changes caused by them: Diagnoses, from body tissue, fluids,
secretions, and other specimens, presence and stage of disease, utilizing laboratory procedures.
Acts as consultant to other medical practitioners. Performs autopsies to determine nature and
extent of disease, cause of death, and effects of treatment. May direct activities of pathology
department in medical school, hospital, clinic, medical examiner's office, or research institute.
May be designated according to specialty as Clinical Pathologist (medical ser.); Forensic
Pathologist (medical ser.); Neuropathologist (medical ser.); Surgical Pathologist (medical ser.).
070.101-010 ANESTHESIOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Administers anesthetics to render patients insensible to pain
during surgical, obstetrical, and other medical procedures: Examines patient to determine degree
of surgical risk, and type of anesthetic and sedation to administer, and discusses findings with
medical practitioner concerned with case. Positions patient on operating table and administers
local, intravenous, spinal, caudal, or other anesthetic according to prescribed medical standards.
Institutes remedial measures to counteract adverse reactions or complications. Records type and
amount of anesthetic and sedation administered and condition of patient before, during, and after
anesthesia. May instruct medical students and other personnel in characteristics and methods of
administering various types of anesthetics, signs and symptoms of reactions and complications,
and emergency measures to employ.
070.101-014 CARDIOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: heart specialist
Diagnoses and treats diseases of heart and its functions:
Examines patient for symptoms indicative of heart disorders, using medical instruments and
equipment. Studies diagnostic images and electrocardiograph recordings to aid in making
diagnoses. Prescribes medications, and recommends dietary and activity program, as indicated.
Refers patient to SURGEON (medical ser.) 070.101-094 specializing in cardiac cases when need
for corrective surgery is indicated. May engage in research to study anatomy of and diseases
peculiar to heart.
070.101-018 DERMATOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: skin specialist
Diagnoses and treats diseases of human skin: Examines skin
to determine nature of disease, taking blood samples and smears from affected areas, and
performing other laboratory procedures. Examines specimens under microscope, and makes
various chemical and biological analyses and performs other tests to identify disease-causing
organisms or pathological conditions. Prescribes and administers medications, and applies
superficial radiotherapy and other localized treatments. Treats abscesses, skin injuries, and other
skin infections, and surgically excises cutaneous malignancies, cysts, birthmarks, and other
growths. Treats scars, using dermabrasion.
070.101-022 GENERAL PRACTITIONER (medical ser.) alternate titles: physician, general practice
Diagnoses and treats variety of diseases and injuries in
general practice: Examines patients, using medical instruments and equipment. Orders or
executes various tests, analyses, and diagnostic images to provide information on patient's
condition. Analyzes reports and findings of tests and of examination, and diagnoses condition.
Administers or prescribes treatments and drugs. Inoculates and vaccinates patients to immunize
patients from communicable diseases. Advises patients concerning diet, hygiene, and methods
for prevention of disease. Provides prenatal care to pregnant women, delivers babies, and
provides postnatal care to mother and infant [OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.) 070.101-054].
Reports births, deaths, and outbreak of contagious diseases to governmental authorities. Refers
patients to medical specialist or other practitioner for specialized treatment. Performs minor
surgery. May make house and emergency calls to attend to patients unable to visit office or
clinic. May conduct physical examinations to provide information needed for admission to
school, consideration for jobs, or eligibility for insurance coverage. May provide care for
passengers and crew aboard ship and be designated Ship's Doctor (medical ser.).
070.101-026 FAMILY PRACTITIONER (medical ser.) alternate titles: family physician
Provides comprehensive medical services for members of
family, regardless of age or sex, on continuing basis: Examines patients, using medical
instruments and equipment. Elicits and records information about patient's medical history.
Orders or executes various tests, analyses, and diagnostic images to provide information on
patient's condition. Analyzes reports and findings of tests and examination, and diagnoses
condition of patient. Administers or prescribes treatments and medications. Promotes health by
advising patients concerning diet, hygiene, and methods for prevention of disease. Inoculates and
vaccinates patients to immunize patients from communicable diseases. Provides prenatal care to
pregnant women, delivers babies, and provides postnatal care to mothers and infants
[OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.) 070.101-054]. Performs surgical procedures commensurate
with surgical competency. Refers patients to medical specialist for consultant services when
necessary for patient's well-being.
070.101-034 GYNECOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of female genital,
urinary, and rectal organs: Examines patient to determine medical problem, utilizing physical
findings, diagnostic images, laboratory test results, and patient's statements as diagnostic aids.
Discusses problem with patient, and prescribes medication and exercise or hygiene regimen, or
performs surgery as needed to correct malfunctions or remove diseased organ. May care for
patient throughout pregnancy and deliver babies [OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.) 070.101-054].
070.101-042 INTERNIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: internal medicine specialist
Diagnoses and treats diseases and injuries of human internal
organ systems: Examines patient for symptoms of organic or congenital disorders and determines
nature and extent of injury or disorder, referring to diagnostic images and tests, and using
medical instruments and equipment. Prescribes medication and recommends dietary and activity
program, as indicated by diagnosis. Refers patient to medical specialist when indicated.
070.101-046 PUBLIC HEALTH PHYSICIAN (medical ser.)
Plans and participates in medical care or research program in
hospital, clinic, or other public medical facility: Provides medical care for eligible persons, and
institutes program of preventive health care in county, city, or other government or civic
division. Gives vaccinations, imposes quarantines, and establishes standards for hospitals,
restaurants, and other areas of possible danger. May conduct research in particular areas of
medicine to aid in cure and control of disease. May be designated Medical Officer (government
ser.).
070.101-050 NEUROLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: nerve specialist
Diagnoses and treats organic diseases and disorders of
nervous system: Orders and studies results of chemical, microscopic, biological, and
bacteriological analyses of patient's blood and cerebro-spinal fluid to determine nature and extent
of disease or disorder. Identifies presence of pathological blood conditions or parasites and
prescribes and administers medications and drugs. Orders and studies results of
electroencephalograms or x rays to detect abnormalities in brain wave patterns, or indications of
abnormalities in brain structure. Advises patient to contact other medical specialist, as indicated.
070.101-054 OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.)
Treats women during prenatal, natal, and postnatal periods:
Examines patient to ascertain condition, utilizing physical findings, laboratory results, and
patient's statements as diagnostic aids. Determines need for modified diet and physical activities,
and recommends plan. Periodically examines patient, prescribing medication or surgery, if
indicated. Delivers infant, and cares for mother for prescribed period of time following
childbirth. Performs cesarean section or other surgical procedure as needed to preserve patient's
health and deliver infant safely. May treat patients for diseases of generative organs
[GYNECOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-034].
070.101-058 OPHTHALMOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: eye specialist; oculist
Diagnoses and treats diseases and injuries of eyes: Examines
patient for symptoms indicative of organic or congenital ocular disorders, and determines nature
and extent of injury or disorder. Performs various tests to determine vision loss. Prescribes and
administers medications, and performs surgery, if indicated. Directs remedial activities to aid in
regaining vision, or to utilize sight remaining, by writing prescriptions for corrective glasses, and
instructing patient in eye exercises.
070.101-062 OTOLARYNGOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: otorhinolaryngologist
Diagnoses and treats diseases of ear, nose, and throat:
Examines affected organs, using equipment such as audiometers, prisms, nasoscopes,
microscopes, x-ray machines, and fluoroscopes. Determines nature and extent of disorder, and
prescribes and administers medications, or performs surgery. Performs tests to determine extent
of loss of hearing due to aural or other injury, and speech loss as result of diseases or injuries to
larynx. May specialize in treating throat, ear, or nose and be designated Laryngologist (medical
ser.); Otologist (medical ser.); Rhinologist (medical ser.).
070.101-066 PEDIATRICIAN (medical ser.)
Plans and carries out medical care program for children from
birth through adolescence to aid in mental and physical growth and development: Examines
patients to determine presence of disease and to establish preventive health practices. Determines
nature and extent of disease or injury, prescribes and administers medications and
immunizations, and performs variety of medical duties.
070.101-070 PHYSIATRIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: physical medicine specialist
Specializes in clinical and diagnostic use of physical agents
and exercises to provide physiotherapy for physical, mental, and occupational rehabilitation of
patients: Examines patient, utilizing electrodiagnosis and other diagnostic procedures to
determine need for and extent of therapy. Prescribes and administers treatment, using therapeutic
methods and procedures, such as light therapy, diathermy, hydrotherapy, iontophoresis, and
cryotherapy. Instructs PHYSICAL THERAPIST (medical ser.) 076.121-014 and other personnel
in nature and duration or dosage of treatment, and determines that treatments are administered as
specified. Prescribes exercises designed to develop functions of specific anatomical parts or
specific muscle groups. Recommends occupational therapy activities for patients with extended
convalescent periods and for those whose disability requires change of occupation.
070.101-078 PHYSICIAN, OCCUPATIONAL (medical ser.) alternate titles: company doctor; physician, industrial
Diagnoses and treats work-related illnesses and injuries of
employees, and conducts fitness-for-duty physical examinations: Attends patients in plant or
hospital, and reexamines disability cases periodically to verify progress. Oversees maintenance
of case histories, health examination reports, and other medical records. Formulates and
administers health programs. Inspects plant and makes recommendations regarding sanitation
and elimination of health hazards.
070.101-082 POLICE SURGEON (medical ser.) alternate titles: surgeon, chief
Examines and treats members of municipal police force for
duty-related injuries and illnesses and gives first-aid treatment to civilians under arrest: Examines
and reports physical condition of applicants for police force. Maintains records of sick personnel.
Examines officers who claim disability and, upon proof of such disability, issues required
certificate. Reports charges against officers who feign illness or injury to evade duty or whose
illness or injury results from improper conduct, intemperance, or habits. Prepares annual report
on activities and evaluation of physical condition of police force.
070.101-086 PROCTOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of anus, rectum,
and colon: Diagnoses diseases and disorders utilizing techniques, such as discussion of
symptoms and medical history with patient, instrumental inspection of rectum and colon,
examination of diagnostic images of affected parts, and evaluation of laboratory test results.
Treats diseases and disorders by surgical removal or repair of diseased or malfunctioning parts,
or by prescription of medication and suggestions for adaptation of patient's living habits.
070.101-090 RADIOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats diseases of human body, using x-ray and
radioactive substances: Examines internal structures and functions of organ systems, making
diagnoses after correlation of x-ray findings with other examinations and tests. Treats benign and
malignant internal and external growths by exposure to radiation from x-rays, high energy
sources, and natural and manmade radioisotopes directed at or implanted in affected areas of
body. Administers radiopaque substances by injection, orally, or as enemas to render internal
structures and organs visible on x-ray films or fluoroscopic screens. May specialize in diagnostic
radiology or radiation oncology. May diagnose and treat diseases of human body, using
radioactive substances, and be certified in Nuclear Radiology or Nuclear Medicine.
070.101-094 SURGEON (medical ser.)
Performs surgery to correct deformities, repair injuries,
prevent diseases, and improve function in patients: Examines patient to verify necessity of
operation, estimate possible risk to patient, and determine best operational procedure. Reviews
reports of patient's general physical condition, reactions to medications, and medical history.
Examines instruments, equipment, and surgical setup to ensure that antiseptic and aseptic
methods have been followed. Performs operations, using variety of surgical instruments and
employing established surgical techniques appropriate for specific procedures. May specialize in
particular type of operation, as on nervous system, and be designated Neurosurgeon (medical
ser). May specialize in repair, restoration, or improvement of lost, injured, defective, or
misshapen body parts and be designated Plastic Surgeon (medical ser.). May specialize in
correction or prevention of skeletal abnormalities, utilizing surgical, medical, and physical
methodologies, and be designated Orthopedic Surgeon (medical ser.).
070.101-098 UROLOGIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of genitourinary
organs and tract: Examines patient, using x-ray machine, fluoroscope, and other equipment to aid
in determining nature and extent of disorder or injury. Treats patient, using diathermy machine,
catheter, cystoscope, radium emanation tube, and similar equipment. Performs surgery, as
indicated. Prescribes and administers urinary antiseptics to combat infection.
070.101-102 ALLERGIST-IMMUNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: allergist; allergy specialist
Diagnoses and treats diseases and conditions with allergic or
immunologic causes: Examines patient, utilizing medical instruments and equipment, patch tests,
and blood tests as diagnostic aids. Elicits and records information about patient's history.
Analyses reports and test results and prescribes treatment or medication for conditions, such as
bronchial asthma, dermatological disorders, connective tissue syndromes, transplantation, and
autoimmunity. Refers patients to ancillary and consultant services when indicated.
070.107-014 PSYCHIATRIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats patients with mental, emotional, and
behavioral disorders: Organizes data concerning patient's family, medical history, and onset of
symptoms obtained from patient, relatives, and other sources, such as NURSE, GENERAL
DUTY (medical ser.) 075.364-010 and SOCIAL WORKER, PSYCHIATRIC (profess. & kin.)
195.107-034. Examines patient to determine general physical condition, following standard
medical procedures. Orders laboratory and other special diagnostic tests and evaluates data
obtained. Determines nature and extent of mental disorder, and formulates treatment program.
Treats or directs treatment of patient, utilizing variety of psychotherapeutic methods and
medications.
071 OSTEOPATHS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of manipulative procedures in treating patients, in addition to the other accepted methods of medical care. Includes diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries; research in the causes, transmission, and control of disease and other ailments.
071.101-010 OSTEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: doctor, osteopathic; osteopath
Diagnoses and treats diseases and injuries of human body,
relying upon accepted medical and surgical modalities: Examines patient to determine symptoms
attributable to impairments in musculoskeletal system. Corrects disorders and afflictions of
bones, muscles, nerves, and other body systems by medicinal and surgical procedures and, when
deemed beneficial, manipulative therapy. Employs diagnostic images, drugs, and other aids to
diagnose and treat bodily impairments. May practice medical or surgical speciality.
072 DENTISTS This group includes occupations concerned with examination, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ailments or abnormalities of gums ,jaws, soft tissue, and teeth. Includes oral surgery.
072.061-010 ORAL PATHOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Studies nature, cause, and development of diseases associated
with mouth: Examines patient's mouth, jaw, face, and associated areas and obtains specimen,
using medical instruments. Examines specimen from patient's mouth or associated area to
determine pathological conditions, such as tumors and lesions, using microscope and other
laboratory equipment and applying knowledge of medical pathology and dentistry. Discusses
diagnosis with patient and referring practitioner.
072.101-010 DENTIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats diseases, injuries, and malformations of
teeth and gums, and related oral structures: Examines patient to determine nature of condition,
utilizing x rays, dental instruments, and other diagnostic procedures. Cleans, fills, extracts, and
replaces teeth, using rotary and hand instruments, dental appliances, medications, and surgical
implements. Provides preventive dental services to patient, such as applications of fluoride and
sealants to teeth, and education in oral and dental hygiene.
072.101-014 ENDODONTIST (medical ser.)
Examines, diagnoses, and treats diseases of nerve, pulp, and
other dental tissues affecting vitality of teeth: Examines teeth, gums, and related tissues to
determine condition, using dental instruments, x ray, and other diagnostic equipment. Diagnoses
condition and plans treatment. Treats exposure of pulp by pulp capping or removal of pulp from
pulp chamber and root canal, using dental instruments. Performs partial or total removal of pulp,
using surgical instruments. Treats infected root canal and related tissues, and fills pulp chamber
and canal with endodontic materials. Removes pathologic tissue at apex of tooth, surgically.
Reinserts teeth that have been knocked out of mouth by accident. Bleaches discolored teeth to
restore natural color.
072.101-018 ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEON (medical ser.) alternate titles: oral surgeon
Performs surgery on mouth, jaws, and related head and neck
structure: Executes difficult and multiple extraction of teeth. Removes tumors and other
abnormal growths. Performs preprosthetic surgery to prepare mouth for insertion of dental
prosthesis. Corrects abnormal jaw relations by mandibular or maxillary revision. Treats fractures
of jaws. Administers general and local anesthetics. May treat patients in hospital.
072.101-022 ORTHODONTIST (medical ser.)
Examines, diagnoses, and treats abnormalities in development
of jaws, position of teeth, and other dental-facial structures: Plans treatment, using
cephalometric, height, and weight records, dental x rays, and front and lateral dental
photographs. Designs and fabricates appliances, such as space maintainers, retainers, and labial
and lingual arch wires, to alter position and relationship of teeth and jaws, and to realign teeth to
produce and maintain normal function.
072.101-026 PEDIATRIC DENTIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: pedodontist
Provides dental care for infants, children, and adolescents:
Fabricates space maintainers designed for patients. Treats primary and secondary teeth and
constructs and places bridges, dentures, and obturating appliances suitable for growing arches.
Manages patients with behavioral problems or handicapping conditions. Counsels and advises
patients and family on growth and development dental problems of patient. Provides preventive
services through use of fluorides and sealants and instructs patient and family members on dental
care.
072.101-030 PERIODONTIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats inflammatory and destructive diseases of
investing and supporting tissue of teeth: Cleans and polishes teeth, eliminates irritating margins
of fillings, and corrects occlusions. Performs surgical procedures to remove diseased tissue,
using dental instruments. Establishes recall treatment program to monitor oral health practices.
072.101-034 PROSTHODONTIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: prosthetic dentist
Restores and maintains oral functions: Records physiologic
position of jaws to determine shape and size of dental prostheses, using face bows, dental
articulators, and other recording devices. Replaces missing teeth and associated oral structures
with artificial teeth to improve chewing, speech, and appearance. Corrects natural and acquired
deformation of mouth and jaws through use of prosthetic appliances.
072.101-038 PUBLIC-HEALTH DENTIST (medical ser.)
Plans, organizes, and maintains dental health program of
public health agency: Analyzes dental needs of community to determine changes and trends in
patterns of dental disease. Instructs community, school, and other groups on preventive oral
health care services. Produces and evaluates dental health educational materials. Provides clinical
and laboratory dental care and services. Instigates methods for evaluating changes in dental
health status and needs of community.
072.117-010 DIRECTOR, DENTAL SERVICES (medical ser.)
Administers dental program in hospital and directs
departmental activities in accordance with accepted national standards and administrative
policies: Confers with hospital administrators to formulate policies and recommend procedural
changes. Establishes training program to advance knowledge and clinical skill levels of resident
dentists studying for dental specializations. Implements procedures for hiring of professional
staff and approves hiring and promotion of staff members. Establishes work schedules and
assigns staff members to duty stations to maximize efficient use of staff. Observes and assists
staff members at work to ensure safe and ethical practices and to solve problems and demonstrate
techniques. Confers with hospital administrator to submit budget and statistical reports used to
justify expenditures for equipment, supplies, and personnel.
073 VETERINARIANS This group includes occupations concerned with diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of animal disorders. Includes occupations in veterinary bacteriology, epidemiology, virology, pathology, and pharmacology.
073.061-010 VETERINARIAN, LABORATORY ANIMAL CARE (medical ser.)
Examines, diagnoses, and treats diseases of laboratory
animals to ensure health of animals used in scientific research and to comply with regulations
governing their humane and ethical treatment: Examines animals to detect indications of disease
or injury, and treats animals when indications are found, to prevent spread of disease to other
animals or workers. Discusses research projects with associates to plan procedures and selects
animals for specific research based on knowledge of species and research principles and
techniques. Participates in research projects. Oversees activities concerned with feeding, care,
and maintenance of animal quarters to ensure compliance with laboratory regulations.
073.061-014 VETERINARY ANATOMIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies form and structure of animals, both gross and
microscopic. Required to hold degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
073.061-018 VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies biology, ecology, etiology, bacteriology, virology,
and immunology of micro-organisms causing diseases in animals: Prepares laboratory cultures of
micro-organisms taken from body fluids and tissues of diseased animals and identifies them by
microscopic examination and bacteriological tests. Tests virulence of pathogenic organisms by
observing effects of inoculations on laboratory and other animals. Investigates efficiency of
vaccines, antigens, antibiotics, and other materials in prevention, diagnosis, and control of animal
diseases. May specialize in bacteria causing animal diseases and be known as Veterinary
Bacteriologist (profess & kin.). May specialize in study of viruses and rickettsiae and be known
as Veterinary Virologist (profess. & kin.). May be required to hold degree of Doctor of
Veterinary Medicine.
073.061-022 VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies factors influencing existence and spread of diseases
among humans and animals, particularly those diseases transmissible from animals to humans.
Required to hold degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
073.061-026 VETERINARY PARASITOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies animal parasites that attack domestic animals and
poultry: Conducts research to determine control and preventive measures, utilizing chemicals,
heat, electricity, and other methods. Required to hold degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
073.061-030 VETERINARY PATHOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: clinical veterinarian
Studies nature, cause, and development of animal diseases,
and structural and functional changes resulting from them: Conducts tests, performs biopsies,
and analyzes body tissue, fluids and other specimens to diagnose presence and stage of disease in
animals, and probable source of contamination or infection. Conducts further research to expand
scope of findings, or recommends treatment to consulting veterinary personnel. May direct
activities of veterinary pathology department in educational institution or industrial
establishment.
073.061-034 VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies drugs, including materia medica and therapeutics, as
related to veterinary medicine. Required to hold degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
073.061-038 VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies function and mechanism of systems and organs in
healthy and diseased animals. Required to hold degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
073.101-010 VETERINARIAN (medical ser.)
Diagnoses, and treats diseases and injuries of pets, such as
dogs and cats, and farm animals, such as cattle or sheep: Examines animal to determine nature of
disease or injury and treats animal surgically or medically. Tests dairy herds, horses, sheep, and
other animals for diseases and inoculates animals against rabies, brucellosis, and other disorders.
Advises animal owners about sanitary measures, feeding, and general care to promote health of
animals. May engage in research, teaching, or production of commercial products. May
specialize in prevention and control of communicable animal diseases and be designated
Veterinarian, Public Health (medical ser.). May specialize in diagnosis and treatment of animal
diseases, using roentgen rays and radioactive substances, and be designated Veterinary
Radiologist (medical ser.).
073.101-014 VETERINARIAN, POULTRY (agriculture)
Advises individual poultry raisers on poultry problems:
Gathers from owner information on care, condition, performance, and action of birds. Inspects
flocks, pens, and housing. Diagnoses disease and prescribes treatment. Culls undesirable birds
from flock. Suggests feed changes to increase egg production or growth of fowls.
073.101-018 ZOO VETERINARIAN (medical ser.)
Plans, directs, and participates in health care program of
veterinary clinic in zoo: Establishes and conducts effective quarantine and testing procedures for
all incoming animals to ensure health of collection, prevent spread of disease, and comply with
government regulations. Conducts regularly scheduled immunization and preventive care
programs to maintain health of animals and guard against communicable diseases. Provides
immediate medical attention to diseased or traumatized animals. Participates with other
personnel in planning and executing nutrition and reproduction programs for animals in zoo.
Develops special programs to encourage reproduction among animals designated as endangered
species, based on knowledge of native habitat and instincts. Participates in employee training in
handling and care of animals. Conducts postmortem studies and analyses. Cooperates with zoo
and aquarium personnel to exchange information concerning care of animals, to arrange transfer,
sale, or trade of animals, and to maintain nationwide inventory of animals of every species,
including notation of live births. Acts as consultant to veterinarians in general practice seeking
advice in treatment of exotic animals.
073.161-010 VETERINARY LIVESTOCK INSPECTOR (government ser.)
Inspects animals for presence of disease: Performs standard
clinical tests and submits specimens of tissues and other parts for laboratory analysis. Reports
existence of disease conditions to state and federal authorities. Advises livestock owners of
economic aspects of disease eradication and advises consumers of public health implications of
diseases transmissible from animals to humans. May institute and enforce quarantine or other
regulations governing import, export, and interstate movement of livestock. Required to hold
degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
073.261-010 VETERINARY VIRUS-SERUM INSPECTOR (government ser.)
Inspects establishments where serums, toxins, and similar
products, used in treatment of animals, are manufactured to enforce state or federal standards of
sanitation, purity, labeling, and storage. Examines animals used in production process to
determine if diseases are present. Inspects production areas to determine that standards of
sanitation are being maintained. Required to hold degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
073.264-010 VETERINARY MEAT-INSPECTOR (government ser.) alternate titles: veterinary medical officer
Inspects establishments engaged in slaughtering livestock and
processing meat intended for intrastate, interstate, and foreign shipment to enforce municipal,
state, or federal standards: Examines animal and carcass before and after slaughtering to detect
evidence of disease or other abnormal conditions. Determines that ingredients used in processing
and marketing meat and meat products comply with standards of purity and grading, and that
products are not adulterated or misbranded. Inspects processing areas to ensure sanitary
conditions are maintained. Required to hold degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. May
specialize in inspecting establishments engaged in processing milk and milk products and be
designated Veterinary Milk-Specialist (government ser.); or inspecting establishments engaged in
processing poultry and edible poultry products and be designated Veterinary-Poultry Inspector
(government ser.).
074 PHARMACISTS This group includes occupations concerned with compounding prescriptions of physicians, dentists, and other practitioners; and the bulk selection, compounding, dispensing, and preservation of drugs and medicines.
074.161-010 PHARMACIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: druggist
Compounds and dispenses prescribed medications, drugs, and
other pharmaceuticals for patient care, according to professional standards and state and federal
legal requirements: Reviews prescriptions issued by physician, or other authorized prescriber to
assure accuracy and determine formulas and ingredients needed. Compounds medications, using
standard formulas and processes, such as weighing, measuring, and mixing ingredients. Directs
pharmacy workers engaged in mixing, packaging, and labeling pharmaceuticals. Answers
questions and provides information to pharmacy customers on drug interactions, side effects,
dosage and storage of pharmaceuticals. Maintains established procedures concerning quality
assurance, security of controlled substances, and disposal of hazardous waste drugs. Enters data,
such as patient name, prescribed medication and cost, to maintain pharmacy files, charge system,
and inventory. May assay medications to determine identity, purity, and strength. May instruct
interns and other medical personnel on matters pertaining to pharmacy, or teach in college of
pharmacy. May work in hospital pharmacy and be designated Pharmacist, Hospital (medical ser.)
074.161-014 RADIOPHARMACIST (medical ser.)
Prepares and dispenses radioactive pharmaceuticals used for
patient diagnosis and therapy, applying principles and practices of pharmacy and radiochemistry:
Receives radiopharmaceutical prescription from physician and reviews prescription to determine
suitability of radiopharmaceutical for intended use. Verifies that specified radioactive substance
and reagent will give desired results in examination or treatment procedures, utilizing knowledge
of radiopharmaceutical preparation and principles of drug biodistribution. Calculates volume of
radioactive pharmaceutical required to provide patient with desired level of radioactivity at
prescribed time, according to established rates of radioisotope decay. Compounds radioactive
substances and reagents to prepare radiopharmaceutical, following radiopharmacy laboratory
procedures. Assays prepared radiopharmaceutical, using measuring and analysis instruments and
equipment, such as ionization chamber, pulse-height analyzer, and radioisotope dose calibrator,
to verify rate of drug disintegration and to ensure that patient receives required dose. Consults
with physician following patient treatment or procedure to review and evaluate quality and
effectiveness of radiopharmaceutical. Conducts research to develop or improve
radiopharmaceuticals. Prepares reports for regulatory agencies to obtain approval for testing and
use of new radiopharmaceuticals. Maintains control records for receipt, storage, preparation, and
disposal of radioactive nuclei. Occasionally conducts training for students and medical
professionals concerning radiopharmacy use, characteristics, and compounding procedures.
074.167-010 DIRECTOR, PHARMACY SERVICES (medical ser.)
Directs and coordinates, through subordinate supervisory
personnel, activities and functions of hospital pharmacy: Plans and implements procedures in
hospital pharmacy according to hospital policies and legal requirements. Directs pharmacy
personnel programs, such as hiring, training, and intern programs. Confers with computer
personnel to develop computer programs for pharmacy information management systems, patient
and department charge systems, and inventory control. Analyzes records to indicate prescribing
trends and excessive usage. Prepares pharmacy budget and department reports required by
hospital administrators. Attends staff meetings to advise and inform hospital medical staff of
drug applications and characteristics. Observes pharmacy personnel at work and develops quality
assurance techniques to ensure safe, legal, and ethical practices. Oversees preparation and
dispensation of experimental drugs.
074.381-010 PHARMACIST ASSISTANT (military ser.)
Mixes and dispenses prescribed medicines and
pharmaceutical preparations in absence of or under supervision of PHARMACIST (medical
ser.): Compounds preparations according to prescriptions issued by medical, dental, or veterinary
officers. Pours, weighs, or measures dosages and grinds, heats, filters, or dissolves and mixes
liquid or soluble drugs and chemicals. Procures, stores, and issues pharmaceutical materials and
supplies. Maintains files and records and submits required pharmacy reports.
074.382-010 PHARMACY TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: pharmacy clerk
Performs any combination of following duties to assist
PHARMACIST (medical ser.) 074.161-010 in hospital pharmacy or retail establishment: Mixes
pharmaceutical preparations, fills bottles with prescribed tablets and capsules, and types labels
for bottles. Assists PHARMACIST (medical ser.) to prepare and dispense medication. Receives
and stores incoming supplies. Counts stock and enters data in computer to maintain inventory
records. Processes records of medication and equipment dispensed to hospital patient, computes
charges, and enters data in computer. Prepares intravenous (IV) packs, using sterile technique,
under supervision of hospital pharmacist. Cleans equipment and sterilizes glassware according to
prescribed methods.
075 REGISTERED NURSES This group includes occupations concerned with administering nursing care to the ill or injured. Includes nursing administration and instruction; and public health, industrial, private duty, and surgical nursing. Licensing or registration is required.
075.117-010 CONSULTANT, EDUCATIONAL, STATE BOARD OF NURSING (government ser.) alternate titles: director, educational board of nurse examiners
Directs activities concerned with maintaining educational
standards established by board of nursing or other legally authorized agency: Participates in
development and implementation of philosophy, purpose, policies, and plans of board of agency,
and consults with and advises administrators of nursing schools in regard to curricula and
facilities for instruction. Plans and conducts surveys of nursing schools and advises institutions
desiring to establish schools on policies and procedures. Maintains current and comprehensive
records and reports and keeps informed on trends and developments within the profession. May
assist with administrative functions.
075.117-014 DIRECTOR, COMMUNITY-HEALTH NURSING (medical ser.) alternate titles: director, public-health nursing
Administers nursing service in community health agency:
Coordinates and evaluates nursing activities in agency to ensure balanced and adequate program,
and to formulate progressive program designed to meet changing needs of community. Directs
collection, analysis, and interpretation of statistics significant to program planning and budget
preparation. Prepares and submits budget estimates for nursing activities. Participates in
establishing programs for guidance and professional development of nursing staff, and in
establishing personnel policies, qualifications, and salaries. Recruits, selects, and assigns
personnel for nursing services. Plans nursing consulting services. Participates in community
planning concerning health and social welfare problems. Consults with advisory committee in
establishment of medical policies of community health agency.
075.117-018 DIRECTOR, EDUCATIONAL, COMMUNITY-HEALTH NURSING (medical ser.) alternate titles: director, educational, public-health nursing
Plans and directs educational program for community health
agency: Develops educational plans for in-service education and orientation of health personnel.
Confers with supervisors and staff to ensure efficiency of program. Cooperates with nursing
specialists and supervisors to organize educational programs for staff and community. Obtains
educational materials for use in teaching and demonstrating nursing and other health related
activities. Confers with administrative personnel to determine procedures and techniques for
patient care and to implement new programs. Assists in selecting nursing candidates and in
orienting new employees. Cooperates with nursing schools and colleges in providing supervised
field instruction for students to gain work experience and observe nursing techniques. Conducts
surveys and analyses to determine adequacy of educational materials and effectiveness of
program.
075.117-022 DIRECTOR, NURSING SERVICE (medical ser.)
Administers nursing program in hospital, nursing home, or
other medical facility to maintain standards of patient care, and advises medical staff, department
heads, and administrators in matters related to nursing service: Recommends establishment or
revision of policies and develops organizational structure and standards of performance.
Interprets policies and objectives of nursing service to staff and community groups. Promotes
working relationships with community agencies and with other establishment departments.
Assists in preparation of departmental budget. Establishes personnel qualification requirements,
drafts procedure manuals, initiates in-service programs, installs record and reporting system, and
performs other personnel management tasks. Initiates studies to evaluate effectiveness of nursing
services in relation to their objectives and costs. May assist nursing schools with curricular
problems.
075.117-026 DIRECTOR, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING (medical ser.) alternate titles: director, industrial nursing
Plans with management, medical director, and legal counsel
scope and objectives of nursing service in industrial establishment, and directs nursing activities:
Determines qualifications, duties, and responsibilities of nursing staff, and assists in selection.
Arranges for orientation of newly appointed nursing staff in company policy and nursing
procedures. Prepares and maintains nursing policy and procedure manual. Evaluates nursing
service and assists in evaluation of total health service. Establishes system of records and reports.
Advises management in development and maintenance of plant sanitation and housekeeping
practices. Develops nursing procedures for emergency and followup care of occupational and
nonoccupational injuries and illnesses. Provides for health counseling and health education on
individual or group basis. Interprets nursing functions in interdepartmental planning and
coordination of health and welfare benefit programs. May visit branches and subsidiaries of
company periodically to evaluate nursing service.
075.117-030 DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSING (medical ser.) alternate titles: dean, school of nursing
Directs and administers educational program in school of
nursing: Assists in preparation of budget, and administers program within budgetary limitations.
Defines and interprets aims and policies of school. Interviews and appoints faculty and
administrative staff. Participates in planning curriculums and schedule of instruction. Participates
in establishing qualifications for faculty, staff, and students and in recruiting eligible candidates.
Arranges with hospital and other institutions and agencies for students to use their facilities,
under faculty supervision, for clinical experience. Maintains student records of educational
experience and achievement. May arrange student living accommodations, and social and
recreational opportunities. May advise institutions on educational problems.
075.117-034 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, NURSES' ASSOCIATION (medical ser.) alternate titles: executive secretary, nurses' association
Administers program of professional nurses' association, as
formulated by board of directors and association members: Participates in establishing objectives
and policies of association, and interprets program to members and general public at general and
professional meetings. Assists in organizing committees and aids in attaining objectives in such
matters as legislation affecting nursing, employment conditions, health programs, and research
designed to facilitate professional growth and efficiency. Publicizes program of association
through various media.
075.124-010 NURSE, SCHOOL (medical ser.)
Provides health care services to students: Plans school health
program, in cooperation with medical authority and administrative school personnel. Participates
in medical examinations and reviews findings to evaluate health status of pupils and progress of
program. Instructs classes in subjects, such as child care, first aid, and home nursing, and
establishes nursing policies to meet emergencies. Cooperates with school personnel in
identifying and meeting social, emotional, and physical needs of school children. Administers
immunizations, provides first-aid, and maintains health records of students. Counsels students in
good health habits. Works with community agencies in planning facilities to meet needs of
children outside school situation. May assist in program for care of handicapped children. May
work in college and be designated Nurse, College (medical ser.).
075.124-014 NURSE, STAFF, COMMUNITY HEALTH (medical ser.) alternate titles: public-health nurse
Instructs individuals and families in health education and
disease prevention in community health agency: Visits homes to determine patient and family
needs, develops plan to meet needs, and provides nursing services. Instructs family in care and
rehabilitation of patient, and in maintenance of health and prevention of disease for family
members. Gives treatments to patient following physician's instructions. Assists community
members and health field personnel to assess, plan for, and provide needed health and related
services. Refers patients with social and emotional problems to other community agencies for
assistance. Teaches home nursing, maternal and child care, and other subjects related to
individual and community welfare. Participates in programs to safeguard health of children,
including child health conferences, school health, group instruction for parents, and
immunization programs. Assists in preparation of special studies and in research programs.
Directs treatment of patient by NURSE, LICENSED PRACTICAL (medical ser.) 079.374-014
and HOME ATTENDANT (personal ser.) 354.377-014. Cooperates with families, community
agencies, and medical personnel to arrange for convalescent and rehabilitative care of sick or
injured persons. May specialize in one phase of community health nursing, such as clinical
pediatrics or tuberculosis.
075.124-018 NURSE, INSTRUCTOR (medical ser.)
Demonstrates and teaches patient care in classroom and
clinical units to nursing students and instructs students in principles and application of physical,
biological, and psychological subjects related to nursing: Lectures to students, conducts and
supervises laboratory work, issues assignments, and directs seminars and panels. Supervises
student nurses and demonstrates patient care in clinical units of hospital. Prepares and
administers examinations, evaluates student progress, and maintains records of student classroom
and clinical experience. Participates in planning curriculum, teaching schedule, and course
outline. Cooperates with medical and nursing personnel in evaluating and improving teaching
and nursing practices. May specialize in specific subject, such as anatomy, chemistry,
psychology, or nutrition, or in type of nursing activity, such as nursing of medical or surgical
patients. May conduct classes for patients in health practices and procedures.
075.127-010 INSTRUCTOR, PSYCHIATRIC AIDE (education)
Provides clinical and academic instruction in psychiatric
nursing methods and procedures for PSYCHIATRIC AIDES (medical ser.): Plans curricular
content and sequence. Prepares schedules and arranges for lectures given by members of hospital
staff, or prepares orientation course for psychiatric aide trainees. Prepares study material and
presents lectures and demonstrations. Observes student progress, conducts examinations, and
compiles records. Confers with students and evaluates performances at end of training course.
Assists with assignment of students to units.
075.127-014 NURSE, CONSULTANT (medical ser.)
Advises hospitals, schools of nursing, industrial
organizations, and public health groups on problems related to nursing activities and health
services: Reviews and suggests changes in nursing organization and administrative procedures.
Analyzes nursing techniques and recommends modifications. Aids schools in planning nursing
curriculums, and hospitals and public health nursing services in developing and carrying out staff
education programs. Provides assistance in developing guides and manuals for specific aspects of
nursing services. Prepares educational materials and assists in planning and developing health
and educational programs for industrial and community groups. Advises in services available
through community resources. Consults with nursing groups concerning professional and
educational problems. Prepares or furnishes data for articles and lectures. Participates in surveys
and research studies.
075.127-026 NURSE, SUPERVISOR, COMMUNITY-HEALTH NURSING (medical ser.) alternate titles: supervisor, public-health nursing
Supervises and coordinates activities of nursing personnel in
community health agency: Serves as liaison between staff and administrative personnel.
Develops standards and procedures for providing nursing care and for evaluating service.
Provides orientation, teaching, and guidance to staff to improve quality and quantity of service.
Evaluates performance of personnel and interprets nursing standards to staff, advisory boards,
nursing committees, and community groups. Recommends duty assignment of nursing personnel
and coordinates services with other health and social agencies to render program more effective.
Reviews, evaluates, and interprets nursing records, vital statistics, and other data affecting health
service in order to assess community needs and to plan and implement programs to meet these
needs. Assists in planning educational programs for nurses, related professional workers, and
community groups to meet needs of personnel and practitioners. Assists in preparation of agency
budget. May plan for and participate in field research related to community health nursing.
075.127-030 NURSE, SUPERVISOR, EVENING-OR-NIGHT (medical ser.)
Plans, organizes, and directs activities for evening or night
shift of hospital nursing department: Establishes policies and procedures for nursing department,
following directions of hospital administrators. Observes techniques of and services rendered by
nursing staff to ensure adherence to hospital guidelines. Demonstrates techniques for nursing
students and new personnel to provide training and direction. Identifies problem areas in nursing
department, such as understaffing, absenteeism, and wastefulness, and takes corrective action.
Monitors use of supplies and equipment to avoid abuses and requisitions supplies. Responds to
various departments requesting emergency assistance and assigns staff accordingly during
emergencies. Prepares work schedule and assigns duties to nursing staff in department for
efficient use of personnel.
075.127-034 NURSE, INFECTION CONTROL (medical ser.)
Directs and coordinates infection control program in hospital:
Compares laboratory reports with communicable diseases list to identify conditions that require
infection control procedures. Advises and consults with physicians, nurses, and hospital
personnel concerning precautions to be taken to protect patients, staff, and other persons from
possible contamination or infection. Investigates infection control problems and arranges for
follow-up care for persons exposed to infection or disease. Instructs hospital personnel in
universal and specific infection control procedures.
075.137-010 NURSE, SUPERVISOR, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING (medical ser.) alternate titles: nurse supervisor, industrial nursing
Directs employee health services of industrial organization:
Interprets plant and departmental health policies and regulations to nursing staff and employees.
Coordinates activities of personnel rendering assistance to physician and nursing care to
employees. Trains nursing staff in techniques of industrial nursing. Participates in planning and
executing health information programs designed to improve efficiency and reduce absentee and
accident rates. Assists workers in securing medical or other aid. Establishes work schedules for
nursing staff and requisitions supplies. May conduct classes in first aid and home nursing for
employees. May recommend appointment of nursing personnel.
075.137-014 NURSE, HEAD (medical ser.)
Supervises and coordinates nursing activities in hospital unit:
Assigns duties and coordinates nursing service. Evaluates nursing activities to ensure patient
care, staff relations, and efficiency of service. Observes nursing care and visits patients to ensure
that nursing care is carried out as directed, and treatment administered in accordance with
physician's instructions. Directs preparation and maintenance of patients' clinical records.
Inspects rooms and wards for cleanliness and comfort. Accompanies physician on rounds, and
keeps informed of special orders concerning patients. Participates in orientation and training of
personnel. Orders, or directs ordering of drugs, solutions, and equipment, and maintains records
on narcotics. Investigates and resolves complaints, or refers unusual problems to superior.
075.167-010 NURSE, SUPERVISOR (medical ser.)
Directs, through head nurses, activities of nursing staff: Plans
and organizes activities in nursing services, such as obstetrics, pediatrics, or surgery, or for two
or more patient-care units to ensure patient needs are met in accordance with instructions of
physician and hospital administrative procedures. Coordinates activities with other patient care
units. Consults with NURSE, HEAD (medical ser.) 075.137-014 on nursing problems and
interpretation of hospital policies to ensure patient needs are met. Plans and organizes orientation
and in-service training for unit staff members, and participates in guidance and educational
programs. Assists in formulating budget. Engages in studies and investigations related to
improving nursing care.
075.167-014 QUALITY ASSURANCE COORDINATOR (medical ser.)
Interprets and implements quality assurance standards in
hospital to ensure quality care to patients: Reviews quality assurance standards, studies existing
hospital policies and procedures, and interviews hospital personnel and patients to evaluate
effectiveness of quality assurance program. Writes quality assurance policies and procedures.
Reviews and evaluates patients' medical records, applying quality assurance criteria. Selects
specific topics for review, such as problem procedures, drugs, high volume cases, high risk cases,
or other factors. Compiles statistical data and writes narrative reports summarizing quality
assurance findings. May review patient records, applying utilization review criteria, to determine
need for admission and continued stay in hospital. May oversee personnel engaged in quality
assurance review of medical records.
075.264-010 NURSE PRACTITIONER (medical ser.) alternate titles: primary care nurse practitioner
Provides general medical care and treatment to patients in
medical facility, such as clinic, health center, or public health agency, under direction of
physician: Performs physical examinations and preventive health measures within prescribed
guidelines and instructions of physician. Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to
identify and assess patient's clinical problems and health care needs. Records physical findings,
and formulates plan and prognosis, based on patient's condition. Discusses case with physician
and other health professionals to prepare comprehensive patient care plan. Submits health care
plan and goals of individual patients for periodic review and evaluation by physician. Prescribes
or recommends drugs or other forms of treatment such as physical therapy, inhalation therapy, or
related therapeutic procedures. May refer patients to physician for consultation or to specialized
health resources for treatment. May be designated according to field of specialization as Pediatric
Nurse Practitioner (medical ser.). Where state law permits, may engage in independent practice.
075.264-014 NURSE-MIDWIFE (medical ser.)
Provides medical care and treatment to obstetrical patients
under supervision of OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.), delivers babies, and instructs patients in
prenatal and postnatal health practices: Participates in initial examination of obstetrical patient,
and is assigned responsibility for care, treatment, and delivery of patient. Examines patient
during pregnancy, utilizing physical findings, laboratory test results, and patient's statements to
evaluate condition and ensure that patient's progress is normal. Discusses case with
OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.) to assure observation of specified practices. Instructs patient in
diet and prenatal health practices. Stays with patient during labor to reassure patient and to
administer medication. Delivers infant and performs postpartum examinations and treatments to
ensure that patient and infant are responding normally. When deviations from standard are
encountered during pregnancy or delivery, administers stipulated emergency measures, and
arranges for immediate contact of OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.). Visits patient during
postpartum period in hospital and at home to instruct patient in care of self and infant and
examine patient. Maintains records of cases for inclusion in establishment file. Conducts classes
for groups of patients and families to provide information concerning pregnancy, childbirth, and
family orientation. May direct activities of other workers. May instruct in midwifery in
establishment providing such training.
075.364-010 NURSE, GENERAL DUTY (medical ser.) alternate titles: nurse, staff
Provides general nursing care to patients in hospital, nursing
home, infirmary, or similar health care facility: Administers prescribed medications and
treatments in accordance with approved nursing techniques. Prepares equipment and aids
physician during treatments and examinations of patients. Observes patient, records significant
conditions and reactions, and notifies supervisor or physician of patient's condition and reaction
to drugs, treatments, and significant incidents. Takes temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and
other vital signs to detect deviations from normal and assess condition of patient. May rotate
among various clinical services of institution, such as obstetrics, surgery, orthopedics, outpatient
and admitting, pediatrics, and psychiatry. May prepare rooms, sterile instruments, equipment and
supplies, and hand items to SURGEON (medical ser.) 070.101-094; OBSTETRICIAN (medical
ser.) 070.101-054, or other medical practitioner. May make beds, bathe, and feed patients. May
serve as leader for group of personnel rendering nursing care to number of patients.
075.371-010 NURSE ANESTHETIST (medical ser.)
Administers local, inhalation, intravenous, and other
anesthetics prescribed by ANESTHESIOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-010 to induce total or
partial loss of sensation or consciousness in patients during surgery, deliveries, or other medical
and dental procedures: Fits mask to patient's face, turns dials and sets gauges of equipment to
regulate flow of oxygen and gases to administer anesthetic by inhalation method, according to
prescribed medical standards. Prepares prescribed solutions and administers local, intravenous,
spinal, or other anesthetic, following specified methods and procedures. Notes patient's skin
color and dilation of pupils and observes video screen and digital display of computerized
equipment to monitor patient's vital signs during anesthesia. Initiates remedial measures to
prevent surgical shock or other adverse conditions. Informs physician of patient's condition
during anesthesia.
075.374-014 NURSE, OFFICE (medical ser.)
Cares for and treats patients in medical office, as directed by
physician: Prepares patient for and assists with examinations. Administers injections and
medications, dresses wounds and incisions, interprets physician's instructions to patients, assists
with emergency and minor surgery, and performs related tasks as directed. Maintains records of
vital statistics and other pertinent data of patient. Cleans and sterilizes instruments and
equipment, and maintains stock of supplies. May conduct specified laboratory tests. May record
and develop electrocardiograms. May act as receptionist, perform secretarial duties, and prepare
monthly statements.
075.374-018 NURSE, PRIVATE DUTY (medical ser.) alternate titles: nurse, special
Contracts independently to render nursing care, usually to one
patient, in hospital or private home: Administers medications, treatments, dressings, and other
nursing services, according to physician's instructions and condition of patient. Observes,
evaluates, and records symptoms. Applies independent emergency measures to counteract
adverse developments and notifies physician of patient's condition. Directs patient in good health
habits. Gives information to family in treatment of patient and maintenance of healthful
environment. Maintains equipment and supplies. Cooperates with community agencies
furnishing assistance to patient. May supervise diet when employed in private home. May
specialize in one field of nursing, such as obstetrics, psychiatry, or tuberculosis.
075.374-022 NURSE, STAFF, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING (medical ser.) alternate titles: nurse, staff, industrial
Provides nursing service and first aid to employees or persons
who become ill or injured on premises of department store, industrial plant, or other
establishment: Takes patient's vital signs, treats wounds, evaluates physical condition of patient,
and contacts physician and hospital to arrange for further medical treatment, when needed.
Maintains record of persons treated, and prepares accident reports and insurance forms. Develops
employee programs, such as health education, accident prevention, alcohol abuse counseling,
curtailment of smoking, and weight control regimens. May assist physician in physical
examination of new employees.
076 THERAPISTS This group includes occupations concerned with the treatment and rehabilitation of persons with physical or mental disabilities or disorders, to develop or restore functions, prevent loss of physical capacities, and maintain optimum performance. Includes occupations utilizing means, such as exercise, massage, heat, light, water, electricity, and specific therapeutic apparatus, usually as prescribed by a physician; or participation in medically oriented rehabilitative programs, including educational, occupational, and recreational activities.
076.101-010 AUDIOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Determines type and degree of hearing impairment and
implements habilitation and rehabilitation services for patient: Administers and interprets variety
of tests, such as air and bone conduction, and speech reception and discrimination tests, to
determine type and degree of hearing impairment, site of damage, and effects on comprehension
and speech. Evaluates test results in relation to behavioral, social, educational, and medical
information obtained from patients, families, teachers, SPEECH PATHOLOGISTS (profess. &
kin.) 076.107-010 and other professionals to determine communication problems related to
hearing disability. Plans and implements prevention, habilitation, or rehabilitation services,
including hearing aid selection and orientation, counseling, auditory training, lip reading,
language habilitation, speech conservation, and other treatment programs developed in
consultation with SPEECH PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) and other professionals. May refer
patient to physician or surgeon if medical treatment is determined necessary. May conduct
research in physiology, pathology, biophysics, or psychophysics of auditory systems, or design
and develop clinical and research procedures and apparatus. May act as consultant to educational,
medical, legal, and other professional groups. May teach art and science of audiology and direct
scientific projects.
076.104-010 VOICE PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Diagnoses and treats voice disorders, such as those associated
with professional use of voice: Develops and implements perceptual evaluation procedures and
psychophysical methods for voice assessment. Collects diagnostic data on individuals, such as
output pressures, airflow, chestwall movements, and articular and laryngeal displacement, using
scopes and other measuring instruments. Analyzes and interprets diagnostic data and consults
with OTOLARYNGOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-062 and other professionals to determine
method of treatment, such as surgery, vocal modification, or voice therapy. Plans and conducts
voice therapy sessions, applying auditory, visual, kinematic, and biofeedback techniques. Plans
and conducts voice hygiene workshops. Calibrates equipment. May teach voice science to
associates and direct research in area of voice. May establish procedures and direct operation of
laboratory specializing in diagnosing and treating voice disorders and be designated Director,
Bio-Communications Laboratory (medical ser.).
076.107-010 SPEECH PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: speech clinician; speech therapist
Specializes in diagnosis and treatment of speech and language
problems, and engages in scientific study of human communication: Diagnoses and evaluates
speech and language skills as related to educational, medical, social, and psychological factors.
Plans, directs, or conducts habilitative and rehabilitative treatment programs to restore
communicative efficiency of individuals with communication problems of organic and
nonorganic etiology. Provides counseling and guidance and language development therapy to
handicapped individuals. Reviews individual file to obtain background information prior to
evaluation to determine appropriate tests and to ensure that adequate information is available.
Administers, scores, and interprets specialized hearing and speech tests. Develops and
implements individualized plans for assigned clients to meet individual needs, interests, and
abilities. Evaluates and monitors individuals, using audio-visual equipment, such as tape
recorders, overhead projectors, filmstrips, and demonstrative materials. Reviews treatment plan,
and assesses individual performance to modify, change, or write new programs. Maintains
records as required by law, establishment's policy, and administrative regulations. Attends
meetings and conferences and participates in other activities to promote professional growth.
Instructs individuals to monitor their own speech and provides ways to practice new skills. May
act as consultant to educational, medical, and other professional groups. May conduct research to
develop diagnostic and remedial techniques. May serve as consultant to classroom teachers to
incorporate speech and language development activities into daily schedule. May teach manual
sign language to student incapable of speaking. May instruct staff in use of special equipment
designed to serve handicapped. See AUDIOLOGIST (medical ser.) 076.101-010 for one who
specializes in diagnosis of, and provision of rehabilitative services for, auditory problems.
076.117-010 COORDINATOR OF REHABILITATION SERVICES (medical ser.) alternate titles: director of rehabilitative services
Plans, administers, and directs operation of health
rehabilitation programs, such as physical, occupational, recreational, and speech therapies:
Consults with medical and professional staff of other departments and personnel from associated
health care fields to plan and coordinate joint patient and management objectives. Conducts staff
conferences and plans training programs to maintain proficiency of staff in therapy techniques
and use of new methods and equipment to meet patients' needs. Allocates personnel on basis of
work load, space, and equipment available. Analyzes operating costs and prepares department
budget. Recommends patient fees for therapy based on use of equipment and therapy staff. May
coordinate research projects to develop new approaches to rehabilitative therapy. May serve as
rehabilitative therapy consultant to employers, educational institutions, and community
organizations.
076.121-010 OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Plans, organizes, and conducts occupational therapy program
in hospital, institution, or community setting to facilitate development and rehabilitation of
mentally, physically, or emotionally handicapped: Plans program involving activities, such as
manual arts and crafts; practice in functional, prevocational, vocational, and homemaking skills,
and activities of daily living; and participation in sensorimotor, educational, recreational, and
social activities designed to help patients or handicapped persons develop or regain physical or
mental functioning or adjust to handicaps. Consults with other members of rehabilitation team to
select activity program consistent with needs and capabilities of individual and to coordinate
occupational therapy with other therapeutic activities. Selects constructive activities suited to
individual's physical capacity, intelligence level, and interest to upgrade individual to maximum
independence, prepare individual for return to employment, assist in restoration of functions, and
aid in adjustment to disability. Teaches individuals skills and techniques required for
participation in activities and evaluates individual's progress. Designs and constructs special
equipment for individual and suggests adaptation of individual's work-living environment.
Requisitions supplies and equipment. Lays out materials for individual's use and cleans and
repairs tools at end of sessions. May conduct training programs or participate in training medical
and nursing students and other workers in occupational therapy techniques and objectives. May
plan, direct, and coordinate occupational therapy program and be designated Director,
Occupational Therapy (medical ser.).
076.121-014 PHYSICAL THERAPIST (education; medical ser.) alternate titles: physiotherapist
Plans and administers medically prescribed physical therapy
treatment for patients suffering from injuries, or muscle, nerve, joint and bone diseases, to restore
function, relieve pain, and prevent disability: Reviews physician's referral (prescription) and
patient's condition and medical records to determine physical therapy treatment required. Tests
and measures patient's strength, motor development, sensory perception, functional capacity, and
respiratory and circulatory efficiency, and records findings to develop or revise treatment
programs. Plans and prepares written treatment program based on evaluation of patient data.
Administers manual exercises to improve and maintain function. Instructs, motivates, and assists
patient to perform various physical activities, such as nonmanual exercises, ambulatory
functional activities, daily-living activities, and in use of assistant and supportive devices, such
as crutches, canes, and prostheses. Administers treatments involving application of physical
agents, using equipment, such as hydrotherapy tanks and whirlpool baths, moist packs,
ultraviolet and infrared lamps, and ultrasound machines. Evaluates effects of treatment at various
stages and adjusts treatments to achieve maximum benefit. Administers massage, applying
knowledge of massage techniques and body physiology. Administers traction to relieve pain,
using traction equipment. Records treatment, response, and progress in patient's chart or enters
information into computer. Instructs patient and family in treatment procedures to be continued
at home. Evaluates, fits, and adjusts prosthetic and orthotic devices and recommends
modification to ORTHOTIST (medical ser.) 078.261-018. Confers with physician and other
practitioners to obtain additional patient information, suggest revisions in treatment program, and
integrate physical therapy treatment with other aspects of patient's health care. Orients, instructs,
and directs work activities of assistants, aides, and students. May plan and conduct lectures and
training programs on physical therapy and related topics for medical staff, students, and
community groups. May plan and develop physical therapy research programs and participate in
conducting research. May write technical articles and reports for publications. May teach
physical therapy techniques and procedures in educational institutions. May limit treatment to
specific patient group or disability or specialize in conducting physical therapy research. In
facilities where assistants are also employed, may primarily administer complex treatment, such
as certain types of manual exercises and functional training, and monitor administration of other
treatments. May plan, direct, and coordinate physical therapy program and be designated
Director, Physical Therapy (medical ser.). Must comply with state requirement for licensure.
076.121-018 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Develops, implements, and coordinates exercise programs
and administers medical tests, under physician's supervision, to program participants to promote
physical fitness: Explains program and test procedures to participant. Interviews participant to
obtain vital statistics and medical history and records information. Records heart activity, using
electrocardiograph (EKG) machine, while participant undergoes stress test on treadmill, under
physician's supervision. Measures oxygen consumption and lung functioning, using spirometer.
Measures amount of fat in body, using such equipment as hydrostatic scale, skinfold calipers,
and tape measure, to assess body composition. Performs routine laboratory test of blood samples
for cholesterol level and glucose tolerance, or interprets test results. Schedules other
examinations and tests, such as physical examination, chest x ray, and urinalysis. Records test
data in patient's chart or enters data into computer. Writes initial and follow-up exercise
prescriptions for participants, following physician's recommendation, specifying equipment, such
as treadmill, track, or bike. Demonstrates correct use of exercise equipment and exercise
routines. Conducts individual and group aerobic, strength, and flexibility exercises. Observes
participants during exercise for signs of stress. Teaches behavior modification classes, such as
stress management, weight control, and related subjects. Orders material and supplies and
calibrates equipment. May supervise work activities of other staff members.
076.124-010 MANUAL-ARTS THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Instructs patients in prescribed manual arts activities to
prevent anatomical and physiological deconditioning, and to assist in maintaining, improving, or
developing work skills: Collaborates with other members of rehabilitation team in planning and
organizing work activities consonant with patients' capabilities and disabilities. Teaches, by
means of actual or simulated work situations, activities, such as woodworking, photography,
metalworking, agriculture, electricity, and graphic arts. Prepares reports showing development of
patient's work tolerance, and emotional and social adjustment to aid medical personnel in
evaluating patient's progress and ability to meet physical and mental demands of employment.
076.124-014 RECREATIONAL THERAPIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: therapeutic recreation worker
Plans, organizes, and directs medically approved recreation
program for patients in hospitals and other institutions: Directs and organizes such activities as
sports, dramatics, games, and arts and crafts to assist patients to develop interpersonal
relationships, to socialize effectively, and to develop confidence needed to participate in group
activities. Regulates content of program in accordance with patients' capabilities, needs and
interests. Instructs patients in relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, concentration, and
other activities, to reduce stress and tension. Instructs patients in calisthenics, stretching and
limbering exercises, and individual and group sports. Counsels and encourages patients to
develop leisure activities. Organizes and coordinates special outings and accompanies patients on
outings, such as ball games, sightseeing, or picnics to make patients aware of available
recreational resources. Prepares progress charts and periodic reports for medical staff and other
members of treatment team, reflecting patients' reactions and evidence of progress or regression.
May supervise and conduct in-service training of other staff members, review their assessments
and program goals, and consult with them on selected cases. May train groups of volunteers and
students in techniques of recreation therapy. May serve as consultant to employers, educational
institutions, and community health programs. May prepare and submit requisition for needed
supplies.
076.124-018 HORTICULTURAL THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Plans, coordinates, and conducts therapeutic gardening
program to facilitate rehabilitation of physically and mentally handicapped patients: Confers with
medical staff and patients to determine patients' needs. Evaluates patients' disabilities to
determine gardening programs. Conducts gardening sessions to rehabilitate, train, and provide
recreation for patients. Revises gardening program, based on observations and evaluation of
patients' progress.
076.127-010 ART THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Plans and conducts art therapy programs in public and private
institutions to rehabilitate mentally and physically disabled clients: Confers with members of
medically oriented team to determine physical and psychological needs of client. Devises art
therapy program to fulfill physical and psychological needs. Instructs individuals and groups in
use of various art materials, such as paint, clay, and yarn. Appraises client's art projections and
recovery progress. Reports findings to other members of treatment team and counsels on client's
response until art therapy is discontinued. Maintains and repairs art materials and equipment.
076.127-014 MUSIC THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Plans, organizes, and directs medically prescribed music
therapy activities as part of mental and physical health care and treatment of patients to influence
behavioral and psychological changes leading to restoration, maintenance, and improvement of
health and increased comprehension of self, environment, and physical ability: Collaborates with
other members of rehabilitation team in planning music activities in accordance with patients'
physical or psychological needs, capabilities, and interests. Develops treatment plan, using
individualized needs assessment, depending on focus of therapy, such as hospice, psychiatric, or
obstetrics. Directs and participates in instrumental and vocal music activities designed to meet
patients' physical or psychological needs, such as solo or group singing, rhythmic and other
creative music activities, music listening, or attending concerts. Instructs patients individually or
in groups in prescribed instrumental or vocal music and music projective techniques, such as
guided imagery, progressive relaxation, awareness of conscious feelings, or musically
intergraded Lamaze Method. Studies and analyzes patients' reactions to various experiences and
prepares reports describing symptoms indicative of progress or regression. Submits periodic
reports to treatment team or physician to provide clinical data for evaluation. May oversee
practicum and approved internships.
076.127-018 DANCE THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Plans, organizes, and leads dance and body movement
activities to improve patients' mental outlooks and physical well-beings: Observes and evaluates
patient's mental and physical disabilities to determine dance and body movement treatment.
Confers with patient and medical personnel to develop dance therapy program. Conducts
individual and group dance sessions to improve patient's mental and physical well-being. Makes
changes in patient's program based on observation and evaluation of progress. Attends and
participates in professional conferences and workshops to enhance efficiency and knowledge.
076.167-010 INDUSTRIAL THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Arranges salaried, productive employment in actual work
environment for mentally ill patients, to enable patients to perform medically prescribed work
activities, and to motivate and prepare patients to resume employment outside hospital
environment: Determines work activities for greatest therapeutic value for particular patient
within limits of patient's disability. Plans work activities in coordination with other members of
rehabilitation team. Assigns patient to work activity and evaluates patient's progress. Processes
payroll records and salary distribution.
076.224-010 PHYSICAL THERAPIST ASSISTANT (medical ser.) alternate titles: physical therapy assistant; physical therapy technician
Administers physical therapy treatments to patients, working
under direction of and as assistant to PHYSICAL THERAPIST (medical ser.) 076.121-014:
Administers active and passive manual therapeutic exercises, therapeutic massage, and heat,
light, sound, water, and electrical modality treatments, such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation,
ultraviolet, infrared, and hot and cold packs. Administers traction to relieve neck and back pain,
using intermittent and static traction equipment. Instructs, motivates, and assists patients to learn
and improve functional activities, such as preambulation, transfer, ambulation, and daily-living
activities. Observes patients during treatments and compiles and evaluates data on patients'
responses to treatments and progress and reports orally or in writing to PHYSICAL THERAPIST
(medical ser.). Fits patients for, adjusts, and trains patients in use and care of orthopedic braces,
prostheses, and supportive devices, such as crutches, canes, walkers, and wheelchairs. Confers
with members of physical therapy staff and other health team members, individually and in
conference, to exchange, discuss, and evaluate patient information for planning, modifying, and
coordinating treatment programs. Gives orientation to new PHYSICAL THERAPIST
ASSISTANTS (medical ser.) and directs and gives instructions to PHYSICAL THERAPY
AIDES (medical ser.) 355.354-010. Performs clerical duties, such as taking inventory, ordering
supplies, answering telephone, taking messages, and filling out forms. May measure patient's
range-of-joint motion, length and girth of body parts, and vital signs to determine effects of
specific treatments or to assist PHYSICAL THERAPIST (medical ser.) to compile data for
patient evaluations. May monitor treatments administered by PHYSICAL THERAPY AIDES
(medical ser.).
076.224-014 ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY THERAPIST FOR THE BLIND (education; medical ser.; nonprofit org.) alternate titles: counselor, orientation and mobility; instructor of blind; orientor; orientation therapist for blind; therapist for blind
Assists blind and visually impaired clients to achieve personal
adjustment and maximum independence through training in techniques of daily living:
Interviews clients, analyzes client's lifestyle, and administers assessment tests to determine
present and required or desired orientation and mobility skills. Trains clients in awareness of
physical environment through sense of smell, hearing, and touch, and to travel alone, with or
without cane, through use of variety of actual or simulated travel situations and exercises.
Teaches clients personal and home management skills, and communication skills, such as eating,
grooming, dressing, coin and money identification, cooking, and use of telephone and bathroom
facilities. Teaches clients to protect body, using hands and arms to detect obstacles. Instructs
clients in arts, crafts, and recreational skills, such as macrame, leatherworking, sewing, ceramics,
and playing piano to improve sense of touch, coordination, and motor skills. Teaches clients to
read and write Braille. Instructs client in use of reading machines and common electrical devices,
and in development of effective listening techniques. Instructs clients in group activities, such as
swimming, dancing, or playing modified sports activities to encourage and increase capacity for
social participation and improve general health. Prepares progress report to allow members of
rehabilitation team to evaluate clients' ability to perform varied activities essential to daily living.
May develop and implement individualized orientation and mobility instructional program for
blind and visually impaired and be designated Orientation And Mobility Instructor (education).
076.264-010 PHYSICAL-INTEGRATION PRACTITIONER (medical ser.)
Conducts physical integration program to improve client's
muscular function and flexibility: Determines client's medical history regarding accidents,
operations, or chronic health complaints to plan objectives of program, using questionnaire.
Photographs client to obtain different views of client's posture to facilitate treatment, using
camera. Instructs client to demonstrate arm and leg movement and flexion of spine to evaluate
client against established program norms. Determines program treatment procedures and
discusses goals of program with client. Applies skin lubricant to section of body specified for
treatment and massages muscles to release subclinical adhesions either manually or using hand
held tool, utilizing knowledge of anatomy. Demonstrates and directs client's participation in
specific exercises designed to fatigue desired muscle groups and release tension. Observes
client's progress during program through such factors as increased joint movement, improved
posture, or coordination. Records client's treatment, response, and progress.
076.361-010 CORRECTIVE THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Provides medically prescribed program of physical exercises
and activities designed to prevent muscular deterioration resulting from long convalescence or
inactivity due to chronic illness: Collaborates with other members of rehabilitation team in
organizing patients' course of treatment. Establishes rapport with patients to motivate them,
choosing exercises and activities in accordance with prescription. Utilizes any or combination of
resistive, assistive, or free movement exercises, utilizing bars, or hydrogymnastics. Instructs
patients in use, function, and care of prostheses and devices, such as braces, crutches, or canes
and in use of manually controlled vehicles. Directs blind persons in foot travel. Prepares progress
reports of patient's emotional reactions to and progress in training by observing patient during
exercises to provide clinical data for diagnosis and prognosis by rehabilitation team. Directs
patients in techniques of personal hygiene to compensate for permanent disabilities.
076.361-014 RESPIRATORY THERAPIST (medical ser.)
Administers respiratory therapy care and life support to
patients with deficiencies and abnormalities of cardiopulmonary system, under supervision of
physician and by prescription: Reads prescription, measures arterial blood gases, and reviews
patient information to assess patient condition and determine requirements for treatment, such as
type and duration of therapy, and medication and dosages. Determines most suitable method of
administering inhalants, precautions to be observed, and modifications which may be needed that
will be compatible with physician's orders. Sets up and operates devices, such as mechanical
ventilators, therapeutic gas administration apparatus, environmental control systems, and aerosol
generators. Operates equipment to ensure specified parameters of treatment, such as volume, gas
concentration, humidity, and temperature, and to administer medicinal gases and aerosol drugs to
patients. Monitors patient's physiological responses to therapy, such as vital signs, arterial blood
gases, and blood chemistry changes. Performs bronchopulmonary drainage and assists patient in
performing breathing exercises. Performs pulmonary function tests to be used by physician in
diagnosis of case. Observes equipment function and adjusts equipment to obtain optimum results
to therapy. Consults with physician in event of adverse reactions. Maintains patient's chart that
contains pertinent identification and therapy information. Inspects and tests respiratory therapy
equipment to ensure equipment is functioning safely and efficiently. Orders repairs when needed.
Demonstrates respiratory care procedures to trainees and other health care personnel.
076.364-010 OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSISTANT (medical ser.) alternate titles: educational/development assistant
Assists OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST (medical ser.)
076.121-010 in administering occupational therapy program in hospital, related facility, or
community setting for physically, developmentally, mentally retarded, or emotionally
handicapped clients: Assists in evaluation of clients daily living skills and capacities to determine
extent of abilities and limitations. Assists in planning and implementing educational, vocational,
and recreational programs and activities established by registered OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPIST (medical ser.), designed to restore, reinforce, and enhance task performances,
diminish or correct pathology, and to promote and maintain health and self-sufficiency. Designs
and adapts equipment and working-living environment. Fabricates splints and other assistant
devices. Reports information and observations to supervisor. Carries out general activity program
for individuals or groups. Assists in instructing patient and family in home programs as well as
care and use of adaptive equipment. Prepares work materials, assists in maintenance of
equipment, and orders supplies. May be responsible for maintaining observed information in
client records and preparing reports. May teach basic living skills to institutionalized, mentally
retarded adults. May assist EDUCATIONAL SPECIALIST (education) 099.167-022 or
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) 045.107-022 in administering situational or
diagnostic tests to measure client's abilities or progress.
077 DIETITIANS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of the principles of nutrition to plan and supervise the preparation and serving of meals. Includes planning menus and diets for special nutritional requirements; participating in research; or instructing in the field of nutrition.
077.061-010 DIETITIAN, RESEARCH (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: research nutritionist
Conducts nutritional research to expand knowledge in one or
more phases of dietetics: Plans, organizes, and conducts programs in nutrition, foods, and food
service systems, evaluating and utilizing appropriate methodology and tools to carry out
program. Studies and analyzes recent scientific discoveries in nutrition for application in current
research, for development of tools for future research, and for interpretation to public.
Communicates findings through reports and publications.
077.117-010 DIETITIAN, CHIEF (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: dietitian, administrative; director, dietetics department
Directs activities of institution department providing quantity
food service and nutritional care: Administers, plans, and directs activities of department
providing quantity food service. Establishes policies and procedures, and provides administrative
direction for menu formulation, food preparation and service, purchasing, sanitation standards,
safety practices, and personnel utilization. Selects professional dietetic staff, and directs
departmental educational programs. Coordinates interdepartmental professional activities, and
serves as consultant to management on matters pertaining to dietetics.
077.124-010 DIETETIC TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Provides services in assigned areas of food service
management, teaches principles of food and nutrition, and provides dietary consultation, under
direction of DIETITIAN, CLINICAL (profess. & kin.) 077.127-014: Plans menus based on
established guidelines. Standardizes recipes and tests new products for use in facility. Supervises
food production and service. Obtains and evaluates dietary histories of individuals to plan
nutritional programs. Guides individuals and families in food selection, preparation, and menu
planning, based upon nutritional needs. Assists in referrals for continuity of patient care. May
select, schedule, and conduct orientation and in-service education programs. May develop job
specifications, job descriptions, and work schedules. May assist in implementing established cost
control procedures.
077.127-010 COMMUNITY DIETITIAN (profess. & kin.)
Plans, organizes, coordinates, and evaluates nutritional
component of health care services for organization: Develops and implements plan of care based
on assessment of nutritional needs and available sources and correlates plan with other health
care. Evaluates nutritional care and provides followup continuity of care. Instructs individuals
and families in nutritional principles, diet, food selection, and economics and adapts teaching
plans to individual life style. Provides consultation to and works with community groups.
Conducts or participates in in-service education and consultation with professional staff and
supporting personnel of own and related organizations. Plans or participates in development of
program proposals for funding. Plans, conducts, and evaluates dietary studies and participates in
nutritional and epidemiologic studies with nutritional component. Evaluates food service systems
and makes recommendation for conformance level that will provide optional nutrition and
quality food if associated with group care institutions. May be employed by public health agency
and be designated Nutritionist, Public Health (government ser.).
077.127-014 DIETITIAN, CLINICAL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: dietitian, therapeutic
Plans therapeutic diets and implements preparation and
service of meals for patients in hospital, clinic, or other health care facility: Consults with
physician and other health care personnel to determine nutritional needs and diet restrictions,
such as low fat or salt free, of patients. Formulates menus for therapeutic diets based on medical
and physical condition of patients and integrates patient's menus with basic institutional menus.
Inspects meals served for conformance to prescribed diets and for standards of palatability and
appearance. Instructs patients and their families in nutritional principles, dietary plans, food
selection, and preparation. May supervise activities of workers engaged in food preparation and
service. May engage in research [DIETITIAN, RESEARCH (profess. & kin.) 077.061-010]. May
teach nutrition and diet therapy to medical students and hospital personnel [DIETITIAN,
TEACHING (profess. & kin.) 077.127-022].
077.127-018 DIETITIAN, CONSULTANT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: institutional-nutrition consultant
Advises and assists personnel in public and private
establishments, such as hospitals, health-related facilities, child-care centers, and schools, in food
service systems and nutritional care of clients: Evaluates and monitors all aspects of food service
operation, making recommendations for conformance level that will provide nutritionally
adequate, quality food. Plans, organizes, and conducts orientation and in-service educational
programs for food service personnel. Develops menu patterns. Assesses, develops, implements,
and evaluates nutritional-care plans and provides for followup, including written reports.
Consults with health care team concerning nutritional care of client. Confers with designers,
builders, and equipment personnel in planning for building or remodeling food service units.
077.127-022 DIETITIAN, TEACHING (profess. & kin.)
Plans, organizes, and conducts educational programs in
dietetics, nutrition, and institution management for DIETETIC INTERNS (profess. & kin.),
nursing students, and other medical personnel: Develops curriculum and prepares manuals,
visual aids, course outlines, and other material used in teaching. Lectures students on
composition and values of foods, principles of nutrition, menu planning, diet therapy, food cost
control, marketing, and administration of dietary department. May engage in research.
078 OCCUPATIONS IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL TECHNOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with the application of technical knowledge in fields of medicine or dentistry for examination and treatment of patients or for research. Occupations occur in a doctor's or dentist's office, hospital, or laboratory.
078.121-010 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST, TEACHING SUPERVISOR (medical ser.)
Teaches one or more phases of medical technology to
students of medicine, medical technology, or nursing arts, or to INTERNS (medical ser.):
Organizes and directs medical technology training program. Formulates curriculums, outlines
course materials, and establishes criteria in other matters affecting education and welfare of
students. Develops educational policies concerning teaching methods. Supervises other
instructors. May act as liaison officer between college or university and laboratory or hospital to
coordinate academic and clinical training. May specialize in teaching one phase of medical
technology.
078.131-010 CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST, NUCLEAR MEDICINE (medical ser.) alternate titles: chief, nuclear medicine technologist
Supervises and coordinates activities of NUCLEAR
MEDICINE TECHNOLOGISTS (medical ser.) 078.361-018 engaged in preparing,
administering, and measuring radioactive isotopes in therapeutic, diagnostic, and tracer studies:
Assigns workers to prepare radiopharmaceuticals, perform nuclear medicine studies, and conduct
laboratory tests, and monitors activities to ensure efficiency and accuracy of procedures. Writes
computer protocols for diagnostic studies. Develops protocols for new and revised procedures
and trains department workers in overall operation of department and use of equipment.
Administers radiopharmaceuticals under direction of physician or other qualified medical
personnel. Implements and supervises radiation safety policies and procedures to ensure safety of
personnel and legal requirements are met for handling and disposing of radioactive materials.
Assists in coordinating activities with other departments and in resolving operating problems.
Performs duties of NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) as needed.
078.161-010 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST, CHIEF (medical ser.) alternate titles: medical laboratory manager
Directs and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
performing chemical, microscopic, and bacteriologic tests to obtain data for use in diagnosis and
treatment of diseases: Assigns workers to duties and oversees performance of tests in fields of
microbiology, chemistry, histology, hematology, immunohematology, and serology. Purchases
or directs purchase of laboratory equipment and supplies. Reviews test results to ensure quality
control. Coordinates and conducts education and training programs for medical technology
students and personnel.
078.161-014 CARDIOPULMONARY TECHNOLOGIST, CHIEF (medical ser.)
Coordinates activities of CARDIOPULMONARY
TECHNOLOGISTS (medical ser.) 078.362-030 engaged in performing diagnostic testing and
treatment of patients with heart, lung, and blood vessel disorders: Establishes methods for
conducting tests and treatments, applying knowledge of medical requirements and laboratory
procedures. Schedules patients for tests and treatment by staff members. Reviews reports to
ensure compliance with test and treatment procedures. Develops and modifies training program
for assigned personnel. Evaluates worker performances and recommends promotions, transfers,
and dismissals.
078.162-010 RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST, CHIEF (medical ser.) alternate titles: chief, radiology
Directs and coordinates activities of radiology or diagnostic
imaging department in hospital or other medical facility: Reviews work schedules and assigns
duties to workers to maintain patient flow and achieve production goals. Oversees staff in
operation of imaging equipment, such as x-ray machine, fluoroscope, CT (computerized
tomography) scanner, or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) equipment, evaluates accuracy and
quality of images, and provides technical assistance. Demonstrates new techniques, equipment,
and procedures to staff. Implements and monitors radiation safety measures to ensure safety of
patients and staff and compliance with government regulatory requirements. Recommends
personnel actions, such as performance evaluations, promotions, and disciplinary measures.
Coordinates purchase of supplies and equipment and makes recommendations concerning
department operating budget.
078.261-010 BIOCHEMISTRY TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: medical technologist, chemistry; technologist, biochemistry
Performs qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses of
body fluids and exudates, following instructions, to provide information used in diagnosis and
treatment of diseases: Tests specimens, such as urine, blood, spinal fluid, and gastric juices, for
presence and quantity of sugar, albumin, drugs, toxins, and blood gases such as oxygen. Prepares
solutions used in chemical analysis. Calibrates and maintains manual and computer-controlled
analyzers, spectrophotometers, colorimeters, flame photometers, and other equipment used in
quantitative and qualitative analysis. May take blood samples.
078.261-014 MICROBIOLOGY TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: medical technologist, microbiology
Cultivates, isolates, and assists in identifying bacteria and
other microbial organisms, and performs various bacteriological, mycological, virological,
mycobacteriological, and parasitological tests: Receives human or animal body materials from
autopsy or diagnostic cases, or collects specimens directly from patients, under supervision of
laboratory director. Examines materials for evidence of microbial organisms. Makes
parasitological tests of specimens. May instruct medical laboratory students and other medical
personnel in laboratory procedures. May supervise other technologists and be known as
Supervisor, Microbiology Technologists (medical ser.).
078.261-018 ORTHOTIST (medical ser.)
Provides care to patients with disabling conditions of limbs
and spine by fitting and preparing orthopedic braces, under direction of and in consultation with
physician: Assists in formulation of specifications for braces. Examines and evaluates patient's
needs in relation to disease and functional loss. Formulates design of orthopedic brace. Selects
materials, making cast measurements, model modifications, and layouts. Performs fitting,
including static and dynamic alignments. Evaluates brace on patient and makes adjustments to
assure fit, function, and quality of work. Instructs patient in use of orthopedic brace. Maintains
patient records. May supervise ORTHOTICS ASSISTANTS (medical ser.) 078.361-022 and
other support personnel. May supervise laboratory activities relating to development of
orthopedic braces. May lecture and demonstrate to colleagues and other professionals concerned
with orthotics. May participate in research. May perform functions of PROSTHETIST (medical
ser.) 078.261-022 and be designated Orthotist-Prosthetist (medical ser.).
078.261-022 PROSTHETIST (medical ser.)
Provides care to patients with partial or total absence of limb
by planning fabrication of, writing specifications for, and fitting prosthesis under guidance of and
in consultation with physician: Assists physician in formulation of prescription. Examines and
evaluates patient's prosthetic needs in relation to disease entity and functional loss. Formulates
design of prosthesis and selects materials and components. Makes casts, measurements, and
model modifications. Performs fitting, including static and dynamic alignments. Evaluates
prosthesis on patient and makes adjustments to assure fit, function, comfort, and quality.
Instructs patient in prosthesis use. Maintains patient records. May supervise PROSTHETICS
ASSISTANTS (medical ser.) 078.361-026 and other personnel. May supervise laboratory
activities relating to development of prosthesis. May lecture and demonstrate to colleagues and
other professionals concerned with practice of prosthetics. May participate in research. May also
perform functions of ORTHOTIST (medical ser.) 078.261-018.
078.261-026 CYTOGENETIC TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Prepares, examines, and analyzes chromosomes found in
biological specimens, such as amniotic fluids, bone marrow, and blood, to aid in diagnosis and
treatment of genetic diseases: Selects and prepares specimen and media for cell culture, using
aseptic technique, knowledge of medium components, and cell nutritional requirements. Harvests
cell culture at optimum time sequence based on knowledge of cell cycle differences and culture
conditions. Prepares slide of cell culture, selects banding technique, and stains slide to make
chromosomes visible under microscope, following standard laboratory procedures. Views slide
through photomicroscope to count and identify chromosome number and presence of structural
abnormality. Photographs slide and prints picture. Cuts images of chromosomes from
photograph, identifies number and types of chromosomes, and arranges and attaches
chromosomes in numbered pairs on karyotype chart, using standard genetics laboratory practices
and nomenclature to identify normal or abnormal chromosomes. Communicates with physicians,
family members, and researchers requesting technical information or test results. May supervise
subordinate laboratory personnel and be known as Supervisor, Cytogenetic Laboratory (medical
ser.).
078.261-030 HISTOTECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: histologic technologist; tissue technologist
Prepares histologic slides from tissue sections for microscopic
examination and diagnosis by PATHOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.061-010: Prepares sections of
human or animal tissue for immediate examination, using rapid tissue processing and frozen
section technique to freeze, cut, mount and stain tissue specimen received from surgery. Operates
computerized laboratory equipment to fix, dehydrate, and infiltrate with wax, tissue specimens to
be preserved for study by PATHOLOGIST (medical ser.). Prepares slides of specimens, using
specified stain, to enhance visibility under microscope. Examines slides under microscope to
ensure tissue preparation meets laboratory requirements. May study slides under microscope to
detect deviations from norm and report abnormalities for further study. May supervise activities
of laboratory personnel and be known as Supervisor, Histology (medical ser.).
078.261-034 MEDICAL RADIATION DOSIMETRIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: dosimetrist
Measures and calculates radiation dose and develops
optimum arrangement of radiation fields and exposures to treat patient: Studies prescription, x
rays showing area to be treated, and requirements for dose calculation. Selects beam energy,
optimum multiple beam arrangement, beam modifying devices, and other factors, using
computer, manuals, and guides. Develops several possible treatment arrangements that meet
physician's criteria and submits arrangements for selection by physician. Measures and calculates
prescribed radiation dose based upon field sizes, depth of tumor, treatment unit, beam modifying
devices, and other information, using manuals, guides, and computer. Calculates and records
daily prescribed radiation dose. Explains treatment plan to RADIATION-THERAPY
TECHNOLOGISTS (medical ser.) 078.361-034. May operate x-ray equipment to obtain
diagnostic x ray of patient in treatment position. May simulate treatment procedure to assist in
planning treatment.
078.261-038 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Performs medical laboratory tests, procedures, experiments,
and analyses to provide data for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease: Conducts
chemical analyses of body fluids, such as blood, urine, and spinal fluid, to determine presence of
normal and abnormal components. Studies blood cells, their numbers, and morphology, using
microscopic technique. Performs blood group, type, and compatibility tests for transfusion
purposes. Analyzes test results and enters findings in computer. Engages in medical research
under direction of MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST, CHIEF (medical ser.) 078.161-010. May train
and supervise students. May specialize in area such as hematology, blood-bank, serology,
immunohematology, bacteriology, histology, or chemistry.
078.261-042 PHERESIS SPECIALIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: hemotherapist
Collects blood components and provides therapeutic
treatments, such as replacement of plasma, or removal of white blood cells or platelets, to
patients, using blood cell separator equipment: Compiles and evaluates donor information to
ensure that donor meets screening criteria. Connects and installs tubing, transfer pack units,
saline solution unit, other solution packs, and collection and separation containers to set up blood
cell separator equipment. Explains procedures to donor or patient to reduce anxieties and obtain
cooperation of donor or patient. Performs venipuncture on donor or patient to connect donor or
patient to tubing of equipment to prepare for procedure. Sets controls and starts equipment that
collects specific blood component or adds, reduces, or replaces blood component, and replaces
remaining blood in vein of patient or donor. Monitors operation of equipment and observes
trouble lights indicating equipment problems. Talks to and observes donor or patient for signs of
distress or side effects such as pallor, nausea, fainting, or other problems during procedure.
Forwards collection bag to laboratory for testing or further processing. Records information
following collection or treatment procedures, such as flow rate, body site at which needle was
inserted, anticoagulant rate, amount of fluids used, volume processed, red cells lost, and other
information.
078.261-046 IMMUNOHEMATOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Performs immunohematology tests, recommends blood
problem solutions to doctors, and serves as consultant to blood bank and community: Visually
inspects blood in specimen tubes for hemolysis. Centrifuges blood specimen to separate red cells
from serum and tests separated serum to detect presence of antibodies. Interprets reactions
observed to devise experiments and suggest techniques that will resolve patient's blood problems.
Combines known and unknown cells with serum in test tubes and selects reagents, such as
albumin, protolytic enzymes, and anti-human globutin, for individual tests to enhance and make
visible reactions of agglutination and hemolysis. Processes various combinations in centrifuge
and examines resulting samples under microscope to identify evidence of agglutination or
hemolysis. Repeats and varies tests until normal suspension of reagents, serum, and red cells is
attained. Interprets results obtained and identifies specific antibodies. Writes blood specifications
to meet patient's need, on basis of test results, and applies knowledge of blood classification
system to locate donor's blood. Performs immunohematology tests on donor's blood to confirm
matching blood types. Requisitions and sends blood to supply patient's need, and prepares
written report to inform physician of test results and of required volume of blood to administer.
Evaluates completeness of immunohematology tests. May advise MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGISTS (medical ser.) 078.261-038 in techniques of microscopic identification of
precipitation, agglutination, or hemolysis in blood that leads to resolution of problems.
078.262-010 PULMONARY-FUNCTION TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: pulmonary-function technologist
Performs pulmonary-function, lung-capacity, diffusion
capacity, and blood-and-oxygen tests to gather data for use by physician in diagnosis and
treatment of pulmonary disorders: Confers with patient in treatment room to explain test
procedures. Explains specified methods of breathing to patient and conducts pulmonary-function
tests, such as helium dilution and pulmonary mechanics (flow of air rate in lungs), arterial blood
gas analyses, and lung-capacity tests, such as vital capacity and maximum breathing capacity
tests, using spirometer or other equipment. Measures expired air, using various analyzers.
Observes and records readings on metering devices of analysis equipment, and conveys findings
of tests and analyses to physician for interpretation. May perform blood analysis tests to measure
such factors as oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, hemoglobin saturation and levels, and pH of
blood, using blood gas analyzer. May measure sweat chloride to test for cystic fibrosis, using
computerized analyzer. May assist physician in special procedures such as bronchoscopy.
078.264-010 HOLTER SCANNING TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: holter technician
Analyzes data from cardiac-function monitoring device
(Holter monitor) worn by patient for use in diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders: Places
magnetic tape or cassette from Holter monitor worn by patient in scanner and starts scanner that
produces audio and visual representation of heart activity. Adjusts scanner controls that regulate
taped sounds associated with heart activity and focus video representation of sounds on scanner
screen. Observes scanner screen to identify irregularities in patient cardiac patterns, utilizing
knowledge of regular and irregular cardiac-function patterns, or verifies data provided by
computer program that automatically scans, analyzes, identifies, and prints irregular heart
patterns. Prints sections of abnormal heart patterns or full disclosure tape for physician. Analyzes
information in patient diary to identify incidents that correspond to heart pattern irregularities
detected on heart monitor. Records findings on report form and forwards tapes, form, patient
diary, and printouts of heart patterns to interpreting physician. May attach electrodes to patient's
chest and connect electrodes to heart monitor, following standard procedure. May measure
distances between peaks and valleys of heart activity patterns, using calipers, to obtain data for
further analysis. May perform other diagnostic procedures, such as electrocardiography and
stress testing, to aid in medical evaluation of patient.
078.281-010 CYTOTECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Stains, mounts, and studies cells of human body to detect
evidence of cancer, hormonal abnormalities, and other pathological conditions, following
established standards and practices: Prepares microscopic slides from specimens of blood,
scrappings, or other bodily exudates, and fixes and stains slide to preserve specimen and enhance
visibility of cells under microscope. Examines slide under microscope to identify abnormalities
in cell structure. Reports abnormalities to PATHOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.061-010. May
supervise and coordinate activities of staff of cytology laboratory and be known as Supervisor,
Cytology (medical ser.).
078.361-010 DENTAL HYGIENIST (medical ser.)
Performs dental prophylaxis: Cleans calcareous deposits,
accretions, and stains from teeth and beneath margins of gums, using dental instruments. Feels
lymph nodes under patient's chin to detect swelling or tenderness that could indicate presence of
oral cancer. Feels and visually examines gums for sores and signs of disease. Examines gums,
using probes, to locate periodontal recessed gums and signs of gum disease. Applies fluorides
and other cavity preventing agents to arrest dental decay. Charts conditions of decay and disease
for diagnosis and treatment by dentist. Exposes and develops x-ray film. Makes impressions for
study casts. May remove sutures and dressings. May administer local anesthetic agents. May
place and remove rubber dams, matrices, and temporary restorations. May place, carve, and
finish amalgam restorations. May remove excess cement from coronal surfaces of teeth. May
provide clinical services and health education to improve and maintain oral health of school
children. May conduct dental health clinics for community groups to augment services of dentist.
078.361-018 NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Prepares, measures, and administers radiopharmaceuticals in
diagnostic and therapeutic studies, utilizing variety of equipment and following prescribed
procedures: Prepares stock solutions of radiopharmaceutical materials, calculates doses, and
administers doses, under direction of physician. Calibrates equipment. Performs diagnostic
studies on patients as prescribed by physician, using scanners or scintillation cameras to detect
radiation emitted and to produce image of organ on photographic film. Measures radioactivity,
using Geiger counters, scalers, and scintillation detectors. Administers therapeutic doses of
radiopharmaceuticals under direction of physician. Follows radiation safety techniques in use and
disposal of radioactive materials.
078.361-022 ORTHOTICS ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Assists ORTHOTIST (medical ser.) 078.261-018 in providing
care and fabricating and fitting orthopedic braces to patients with disabling conditions of limbs
and spine: Under guidance of and in consultation with ORTHOTIST (medical ser.), makes
assigned casts, measurements, model modifications, and layouts. Performs fitting, including
static and dynamic alignments. Evaluates orthopedic braces on patient to ensure fit, function, and
quality. Repairs and maintains orthopedic braces. May be responsible for performance of other
personnel. May also perform functions of PROSTHETICS ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
078.361-026 and be designated Orthotics-Prosthetics Assistant (medical ser.).
078.361-026 PROSTHETICS ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Assists PROSTHETIST (medical ser.) 078.261-022 in
providing care to and fabricating and fitting prostheses for patients with partial or total absence
of limb: Under direction of PROSTHETIST (medical ser.), makes assigned casts, measurements,
and model modifications. Performs fitting, including static and dynamic alignments. Evaluates
prosthesis on patient to ensure fit, function, and quality of work. Repairs and maintains
prostheses. May be responsible for performance of other personnel. May also perform functions
of ORTHOTICS ASSISTANT (medical ser.) 078.361-022.
078.361-034 RADIATION-THERAPY TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.)
Provides radiation therapy to patients as prescribed by
RADIOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-090, according to established practices and standards:
Reviews prescription, diagnosis, patient chart, and identification. Acts as liaison with physicist
and supportive care personnel. Prepares equipment, such as immobilization, treatment, and
protection devices, and positions patient according to prescription. Enters data into computer and
sets controls to operate and adjust equipment and regulate dosage. Observes and reassures patient
during treatment and reports unusual reactions to physician. Photographs treated area of patient
and processes film. Maintains records, reports, and files as required. Follows principles of
radiation protection for patient, self, and others. May assist in dosimetry procedures and tumor
localization. May train therapy students.
078.361-038 OPHTHALMIC TECHNICIAN (medical ser.)
Tests and measures eye function to assist
OPHTHALMOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-058 to diagnose and treat eye disorders and
disease: Tests patient's far acuity, near acuity, peripheral vision, depth perception, and color
perception to assist OPHTHALMOLOGIST (medical ser.) to diagnose and treat eye disorders
and disease. Examines eye, using slit lamp, for abnormalities of cornea, and anterior and
posterior chambers. Applies drops to anesthetize, dilate, or medicate eyes. Measures intraocular
pressure of eyes (glaucoma test). Tests patient's field of vision, including central and peripheral
vision, for defects, and charts test results on graph paper. Measures axial length of eye, using
ultrasound equipment. Performs other tests and measurements as requested by physician. Gives
instructions to patients concerning eye care. May supervise other technicians and be known as
Chief Ophthalmic Technician (medical ser.).
078.362-010 AUDIOMETRIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: audiometric technician; hearing-test technician
Administers audiometric screening and threshold tests,
generally pure-tone air conduction, to individuals or groups, under supervision of
AUDIOLOGIST (medical ser.) or OTOLARYNGOLOGIST (medical ser.). Fits earphones on
subject and provides instruction on procedures to be followed. Adjusts audiometer to control
sound emitted and records subjects' responses. Refers individuals to AUDIOLOGIST (medical
ser.) for interpretation of test results and need for more definitive hearing examination or to
physician for medical examination.
078.362-014 DIALYSIS TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: hemodialysis technician
Sets up and operates hemodialysis machine to provide
dialysis treatment for patients with kidney failure: Attaches dialyzer and tubing to machine to
assemble for use. Mixes dialysate, according to formula. Primes dialyzer with saline or
heparinized solution to prepare machine for use. Transports patient to dialysis room and
positions patient on lounge chair at hemodialysis machine. Takes and records patient's
predialysis weight, temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiration rate. Explains dialysis
procedure and operation of hemodialysis machine to patient before treatment to allay anxieties.
Cleans area of access (fistula, graft, or catheter), using antiseptic solution. Connects hemodialysis
machine to access in patient's forearm or catheter site to start blood circulating through dialyzer.
Inspects equipment settings, including pressures, conductivity (proportion of chemicals to water),
and temperature to ensure conformance to safety standards. Starts blood flow pump at prescribed
rate. Inspects venous and arterial pressures as registered on equipment to ensure pressures are
within established limits. Calculates fluid removal or replacement to be achieved during dialysis
procedure. Monitors patient for adverse reaction and hemodialysis machine for malfunction.
Takes and records patient's postdialysis weight, temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and
respiration rate. May fabricate parts, such as cannulas, tubing, catheters, connectors, and fittings,
using handtools.
078.362-018 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: ecg technician; ekg technician
Produces recordings of electromotive variations in patient's
heart muscle, using electrocardiograph (ECG), to provide data for diagnosis of heart ailments:
Attaches electrodes to chest, arms, and legs of patient. Connects electrode leads to
electrocardiograph and starts machine. Moves electrodes along specified area of chest to produce
electrocardiogram that records electromotive variations occurring in different areas of heart
muscle. Monitors electrocardiogram for abnormal patterns. Keys information into machine or
marks tracing to indicate positions of chest electrodes. Replenishes supply of paper and ink in
machine and reports malfunctions. Edits and forwards final test results to attending physician for
analysis and interpretation. May attach electrodes of Holter monitor (electrocardiograph) to
patient to record data over extended period of time.
078.362-022 ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: eeg technologist
Measures electrical activity of brain waves, using
electroencephalograph (EEG) instrument, and conducts evoked potential response tests for use in
diagnosis of brain and nervous system disorders: Measures patient's head and other body parts,
using tape measure, and marks points where electrodes are to be placed. Attaches electrodes to
predetermined locations, and verifies functioning of electrodes and recording instrument.
Operates recording instruments (EEG and evoked potentials) and supplemental equipment and
chooses settings for optimal viewing of nervous system. Records montage (electrode
combination) and instrument settings, and observes and notes patient's behavior during test.
Conducts visual, auditory, and somatosensory evoked potential response tests to measure latency
of response to stimuli. Writes technical reports summarizing test results to assist physician in
diagnosis of brain disorders. May perform other physiological tests, such as electrocardiogram,
electrooculogram, and ambulatory electroencephalogram. May perform video monitoring of
patient's actions during test. May monitor patient during surgery, using EEG or evoked potential
instrument. May supervise other technologists and be known as Chief Electroencephalographic
Technologist (medical ser.).
078.362-026 RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: radiographer; x-ray technologist
Operates radiologic equipment to produce radiographs (x
rays) of body for diagnostic purposes, as directed by RADIOLOGIST (medical ser.)
070.101-090: Positions patient on examining table and adjusts immobilization devices to obtain
optimum views of specified area of body requested by physician. Explains procedures to patient
to reduce anxieties and obtain patient cooperation. Moves x-ray equipment into specified
position and adjusts equipment controls to set exposure factors, such as time and distance, based
on knowledge of radiographic exposure techniques and protocols. Practices radiation protection
techniques, using beam restrictive devices, patient shielding skills, and knowledge of applicable
exposure factors, to minimize radiation to patient and staff. May operate mobile x-ray equipment
in operating room, emergency room, or at patient's bedside. May specialize in production of
screening and diagnostic x rays for detection of breast tumors and be known as Radiologic
Technologist, Mammogram (medical ser.).
078.362-030 CARDIOPULMONARY TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: cardiovascular technologist
Performs diagnostic tests of cardiovascular and pulmonary
systems of patients to aid physician in diagnosis and treatment of heart, lung, and blood vessel
disorders: Prepares patient for test and explains procedures to obtain cooperation and reassure
patient. Conducts electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, stress testing, and other
tests to aid in diagnosis of cardiovascular system, using variety of specialized electronic test
equipment, recording devices, and laboratory instruments. Conducts tests of pulmonary system
to aid physician in diagnosis of pulmonary disorders, using spirometer and other respiratory
testing equipment. Operates multichannel physiologic monitor, as part of cardiac catheterization
team, to measure and record functions of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems of patient during
cardiac catheterization. Alerts physician to instrument readings outside normal ranges during
cardiac catheterization procedures. Provides test results to physician.
078.362-034 PERFUSIONIST (medical ser.)
Sets up and operates heart-lung machine in hospital to take
over functions of patient's heart and lungs during surgery or respiratory failure: Reviews patient
medical history and chart, and consults with surgeon or physician to obtain patient information
needed to set up heart-lung machine and associated equipment. Selects, assembles, sets up, and
tests heart-lung machine to ensure that machine and associated equipment function according to
specifications. Operates heart-lung machine to regulate blood circulation and composition, to
administer drugs and anesthetic agents, and to control body temperature during surgery or
respiratory failure of patient. Monitors and observes operation of heart-lung machine and
patient's physiologic variables such as blood temperature, blood composition, and flow rate, and
adjusts equipment to maintain normal body functions. Cleans and adjusts parts of heart-lung
machine.
078.362-038 ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: emg technician
Measures electrical activity in peripheral nerves, using
electromyograph (EMG) instrument, for use by physician in diagnosing neuromuscular
disorders: Explains procedures to patient to obtain cooperation and relieve anxieties during test.
Rubs electrode paste on patient's skin to ensure contact of electrodes. Attaches surface recording
electrodes to extremity in which activity is being measured to detect electrical impulse. Attaches
electrodes to electrode cables or leads connected to EMG instrument and selects nerve
conduction mode on EMG. Operates EMG instrument to record electrical activity in peripheral
nerves. Presses button on manually held surface stimulator electrode to deliver pulse and send
electrical charge along peripheral nerve. Monitors response on oscilloscope and presses button to
record nerve conduction velocity. Measures and records time and distance between stimulus and
response, manually or using computer, and calculates velocity of electrical impulse in peripheral
nerve. Removes electrodes from patient upon conclusion of test and cleans electrode paste from
skin, using alcohol and cotton.
078.362-042 POLYSOMNOGRAPHIC TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: polysomnographic technologist
Measures electrical activity of patient's brain waves and other
physiological variables, using $T3polysomnograph$T1, to aid physician in diagnosis and
treatment of sleep disorders: Applies surface electrodes to patient's head, using adhesive paste or
tape, to obtain electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement and applies other combinations of
sensors and electrodes to patient to obtain measurements such as electromyogram (EMG),
electrooculogram (EOG), electrocardiogram (EKG), air flow respiratory effort, and oxygen
saturation, as requested by physician and following established procedures. Operates closed
circuit television camera to observe patient during test and to record patient's sleep activities.
Operates polysomnograph equipment to record electrical activity of brain waves and other
physiological variables and records notes on graph to eliminate from consideration physiological
measurements caused by such activities as patient opening eyes, turning head, or turning body.
Studies polysomnogram to recognize arrhythmias and abnormal respiratory patterns and calls
physician or other emergency personnel if needed. Measures durations of brain waves recorded
on polysomnograms, using millimeter ruler. Studies characteristics of completed polysomnogram
tracings and summarizes data showing stages of sleep, abnormal breathing events, periodic leg
movements, arrhythmias, and other information, applying knowledge of polysomnograph testing
principles. Enters data into computer and writes report incorporating patient's medical history,
completed patient questionnaires, previous and current polysomnogram information, presence
and type of abnormality, and other information for analysis by physician or other health
professional. May apply electrodes to patient's head, using pins. May supervise and coordinate
activities of other technicians and be known as Chief Polysomnographic Technician (medical
ser.).
078.362-046 SPECIAL PROCEDURES TECHNOLOGIST, ANGIOGRAM (medical ser.) alternate titles: angiographer; radiographer, angiogram
Operates diagnostic imaging equipment to produce contrast
enhanced radiographs of blood vessels to aid physician in diagnosis and treatment of disease:
Positions patient in examining position, using immobilization devices, such as head or shoulder
braces. Operates fluoroscope to aid physician to view and guide wire or catheter through blood
vessel to area of interest. Fills automatic injector with contrast media, sets flow rate, and
activates injection of contrast media into blood vessels of patient, as directed by physician.
Monitors video display of area of interest and adjusts density and contrast to obtain optimum
exposure. Starts filming sequence. Delivers film to dark room to be developed and reviews
developed x rays for accuracy of positioning and quality of exposure techniques.
078.362-050 SPECIAL PROCEDURES TECHNOLOGIST, CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION (medical ser.) alternate titles: radiographer, cardiac catheterization; special vascular imaging technologist
Operates diagnostic imaging equipment to produce contrast
enhanced radiographs of heart and cardiovascular system (angiocardiograms), during cardiac
catheterization, to aid physician in diagnostic evaluation and treatment: Positions and
immobilizes patient on examining table, using head and shoulder braces and following specified
protocols. Enters technical factors determined by protocol such as amount and quality of
radiation beam, and specified filming sequence, into computer. Raises and lowers examining
table and manipulates and positions x-ray tube in response to instructions from physician. Starts
automatic injection of contrast medium into blood vessels of patient. Activates fluoroscope and
35 mm motion picture camera (cinefluorography) to produce images that assist physician in
guiding catheter through cardiovascular system of patient. Observes gauges, recorder, and video
screens of multichannel data analysis system that indicates blood pressure, cardiac output, and
respiration, during imaging of cardiovascular system. Alerts physician to changes in patient
responses. May assist physician in interventional procedures, such as instilling enzymes or
inserting balloon in blood vessels to remove plaque or other blockage.
078.362-054 SPECIAL PROCEDURES TECHNOLOGIST, CT SCAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: ct technologist
Operates computed tomography (CT) scanner to produce
cross-sectional radiographs of patient's body for diagnostic purposes: Positions and immobilizes
patient on examining table, using supportive devices to obtain precise patient position and
following protocols specified by RADIOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-090. Administers
contrast media orally or assists physician in intravenous administration. Enters data, such as type
of scan requested, slice thickness, scan time, and other technical data into computer, using
knowledge of radiologic technology and computed tomography. Starts CT scanner to scan
designated anatomical area of patient. Talks to patient over intercom system and observes patient
through window of control room to monitor patient safety and comfort. Views images of organs
or tissue on video display screen to ensure quality of pictures. Starts camera to produce
radiographs. Evaluates radiographs, video tape, and computer generated information for technical
quality.
078.362-058 SPECIAL PROCEDURES TECHNOLOGIST, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) (medical ser.) alternate titles: magnetic resonance imaging technologist
Operates magnetic resonance imaging equipment to produce
cross-sectional images (photographs) of patient's body for diagnostic purposes: Interviews
patient to explain magnetic resonance imaging procedures and to request removal of metal
objects which are hazardous to patient and equipment when magnet is activated. Positions patient
on examining table and places specified coil (receiver) such as head coil or knee coil, close to
area of interest, following protocols requested by RADIOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-090.
Demonstrates use of microphone that allows patient and technologist to communicate during
examination. Enters data, such as patient history, anatomical area to be scanned, orientation
specified, and position of entry into aperture of magnetic resonance imaging equipment (head or
feet first), into computer. Keys commands to specify scan sequences, and adjust transmitters and
receivers, into computer. Observes patient through window of control room and on closed circuit
TV screen to monitor patient safety and comfort. Views images of area being scanned on video
display screen to ensure quality of pictures. Keys in data on keyboard of camera to photograph
images. Alerts staff entering magnet room to danger of wearing or carrying metal around magnet.
078.362-062 STRESS TEST TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: stress technician
Produces recordings of electromotive variations in action of
heart muscle, using electrocardiograph, while patient walks on treadmill, under direction of
physician, to provide data for diagnosis of heart ailments: Attaches electrodes to patient's arms,
legs, and chest area, according to specified pattern, and connects electrode leads to
electrocardiograph, to obtain electrocardiogram. Explains testing procedures to patient and
obtains consent form. Starts treadmill at speed directed by physician. Starts electrocardiograph
and records data, such as angle and speed of treadmill, patient's indications of pain, and
measurements of blood pressure. Informs physician of wave abnormalities on electrocardiogram.
Stands alongside patient during test to lend support if necessary. Removes recorder strip printout
from machine upon conclusion of test to obtain permanent record of test. Edits and mounts
representative samples of tracings for patient's record, indicating time of test measurement and
bodily factors that could have affected recording. May conduct electrocardiograph test of resting
patient.
078.364-010 ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: diagnostic medical sonographer
Produces two-dimensional ultrasonic recordings of internal
organs, using ultrasound equipment, for use by physician in diagnosis of disease and study of
malfunction of organs: Selects equipment for use in ultrasound setup according to specifications
of examination. Explains process to patient, and instructs and assists patient in assuming physical
position for examination. Selects transducer and adjusts equipment controls according to organ to
be examined, depth of field, and other specifications of test. Keys test data and patient
information into computer of ultrasound equipment to maintain record of test results. Moves
transducer, by hand, over specified area of body and observes sound wave display screen to
monitor quality of ultrasonic pattern produced. Starts equipment which produces images of
internal organs and records diagnostic data on magnetic tape, computer disk, strip printout, or
film. Photographs images of organs shown on display module, or removes strip printout from
equipment, to obtain permanent record of internal examination. Discusses test results with
supervisor or attending physician.
078.364-014 ECHOCARDIOGRAPH TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: diagnostic cardiac sonographer
Produces two-dimensional ultrasonic recordings and Doppler
flow analyses of heart and related structures, using ultrasound equipment, for use by physician in
diagnosis of heart disease and study of heart: Explains procedures to patient to obtain
cooperation and reduce anxieties of patient. Attaches electrodes to patient's chest to monitor heart
rhythm and connects electrodes to electrode leads of ultrasound equipment. Adjusts equipment
controls according to physician's orders and areas of heart to be examined. Keys patient
information into computer keyboard on equipment to record information on video cassette and
strip printout of test. Starts ultrasound equipment that produces images of real time tomographic
cardiac anatomy, and adjusts equipment to obtain quality images. Moves transducer, by hand,
over patient's heart areas, observes ultrasound display screen, and listens to Doppler signals to
acquire data for measurement of blood flow velocities. Prints pictures of graphic analysis
recordings and removes video cassette for permanent record of internal examination. Measures
heart wall thicknesses and chamber sizes recorded on strip printout, using calipers and ruler, or
keys commands into computer to measure thicknesses and chamber sizes of heart on video tape,
and compares measurement to standard norms to identify abnormalities in heart. Measures blood
flow velocities and calculates data, such as cardiac physiology and valve areas for evaluation of
cardiac function by physician. Reviews test results with interpreting physician.
078.367-010 CARDIAC MONITOR TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: telemetry technician
Monitors heart rhythm pattern of patients in special care unit
of hospital to detect abnormal pattern variances, using telemetry equipment: Reviews patient
information to determine normal heart rhythm pattern, current pattern, and prior variances.
Observes screen of cardiac monitor and listens for alarm to identify abnormal variation in heart
rhythm. Informs supervisor or NURSE, GENERAL DUTY (medical ser.) 075.364-010 of
variances to initiate examination of patient. Measures length and height of patient's heart rhythm
pattern on graphic tape readout, using calipers, and posts information on patient records.
Answers calls for assistance from patients and inquiries concerning patients from medical staff,
using intercom and call director. May perform duties as described under
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) 078.362-018.
078.381-014 MEDICAL-LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: laboratory assistant; medical technician
Performs routine tests in medical laboratory to provide data
for use in diagnosis and treatment of disease: Conducts quantitative and qualitative chemical
analyses of body fluids, such as blood, urine, and spinal fluid, under supervision of MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST (medical ser.) 078.261-038. Performs blood counts, using microscope.
Conducts blood tests for transfusion purposes. May draw blood from patient's finger, ear lobe, or
vein, observing principles of asepsis to obtain blood samples. May specialize in hematology,
blood bank, cytology, histology, or chemistry.
078.384-010 CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYST (medical ser.) alternate titles: cephalometric technician; cephalometric tracer; tracer
Traces head x rays and illustrates cosmetic result of proposed
orthodontic treatment: Traces frontal and lateral head x rays onto transparent paper, using
template, compass, protractor, and knowledge of cranial-facial skeletal structure. Traces lower
teeth from occlusal x ray or photograph to locate key points defining true curve of lower dental
arch. Records cephalometric measurements to prepare data for computer analysis, using
electronic data recording equipment. Compiles data from tracings and computer plot sheets to
illustrate results of proposed surgery or other orthodontic treatment.
078.664-010 ORTHOPEDIC ASSISTANT (medical ser.) alternate titles: orthopedic cast specialist
Applies, adjusts, and removes casts, assembles traction
apparatus, and fits strappings and splints for orthopedic patients according to medical staff
instructions, using handtools: Covers injured areas with specified protective materials, such as
stockinette bandages, gauze, or rubber pads, preparatory to cast application. Wets, wraps, and
molds plaster bandages around area of fracture. Trims plaster, using electric cutter. Removes
whole and broken casts and alters position of cast to change setting of patient's limb or body part
as directed. Assembles wooden, metal, plastic, or plaster material to make orthopedic splints,
using handtools. Rigs pulleys, ropes, and frames to assemble fracture beds, using handtools.
Attaches traction supports to patient's limb and adjusts support to specified tension. Assembles
exercise frames, using handtools. Adjusts crutches and canes to fit patient. Instructs patients in
care of and assists patients in walking with casts, braces, and crutches.
078.687-010 LABORATORY ASSISTANT, BLOOD AND PLASMA (medical ser.; pharmaceut.)
Performs routine laboratory tasks related to processing whole
blood and blood components: Centrifuges whole blood to produce various components including
packed red cells, platelet concentrate, washed red cells, and plasma. Examines blood stock at
designated intervals to confirm that all units are in satisfactory condition. Observes thermostats
on storage units to confirm that temperature remains constant at designated temperature. Inspects
blood units returned from hospitals to determine whether plasma can be salvaged and if so refers
to plasma salvage unit. Confirms that sedimentation has occurred, that color is normal, and that
containers are in satisfactory condition. Cleans and maintains laboratory equipment, supplies,
and laboratory. Performs related clerical duties including updating statistical records, labeling
tubes, and scheduling processing runs.
079 OCCUPATIONS IN MEDICINE AND HEALTH, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with the health care of humans or animals.
079.021-014 MEDICAL PHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Applies knowledge and methodology of science of physics to
all aspects of medicine, to address problems related to diagnosis and treatment of human disease:
Advises and consults with physicians in such applications as use of ionizing radiation in
diagnosis, therapy, treatment planning with externally delivered radiation as well as use of
internally implanted radioactive sources; complete subject of x-ray equipment, calibration, and
dosimetry; medical uses of ultrasound and infrared; bioelectrical investigation of brain and heart;
mathematical analysis and applications of computers in medicine; formulation of radiation
protection guides and procedures specific to hospital environment; development of
instrumentation for improved patient care and clinical service. Plans, directs, conducts, and
participates in supporting programs to ensure effective and safe use of radiation and
radionuclides in human beings by physician specialist. Teaches principles of medical physics to
physicians, residents, graduate students, medical students, and technologists by means of
lectures, problem solving, and laboratory sessions. Directs and participates in investigations of
biophysical techniques associated with any branch of medicine. Conducts research in
development of diagnostic and remedial procedures and develops instrumentation for specific
medical applications. Acts as consultant to education, medical research, and other professional
groups and organizations.
079.101-010 CHIROPRACTOR (medical ser.) alternate titles: chiropractic; doctor, chiropractic
Diagnoses and treats musculoskeletal conditions of spinal
column and extremities to prevent disease and correct abnormalities of body believed to be
caused by interference with nervous system: Examines patient to determine nature and extent of
disorder. Performs diagnostic procedures including physical, neurologic, and orthopedic
examinations, laboratory tests, and other procedures, using x-ray machine, proctoscope,
electrocardiograph, otoscope, and other instruments and equipment. Manipulates spinal column
and other extremities to adjust, align, or correct abnormalities caused by neurologic and kinetic
articular dysfunction. Utilizes supplementary measures, such as exercise, rest, water, light, heat,
and nutritional therapy.
079.101-014 DOCTOR, NATUROPATHIC (medical ser.)
Diagnoses, treats, and cares for patients, using system of
practice that bases treatment of physiological functions and abnormal conditions on natural laws
governing human body: Utilizes physiological, psychological, and mechanical methods, such as
air, water, light, heat, earth, phytotherapy, food and herb therapy, psychotherapy, electrotherapy,
physiotherapy, minor and orificial surgery, mechanotherapy, naturopathic corrections and
manipulation, and natural methods or modalities, together with natural medicines, natural
processed foods, and herbs and nature's remedies. Excludes major surgery, therapeutic use of x
ray and radium, and use of drugs, except those assimilable substances containing elements or
compounds which are components of body tissues and are physiologically compatible to body
processes for maintenance of life.
079.101-018 OPTOMETRIST (medical ser.)
Examines eyes to determine nature and degree of vision
problem or eye disease and prescribes corrective lenses or procedures: Examines eyes and
performs various tests to determine visual acuity and perception and to diagnose diseases and
other abnormalities, such as glaucoma and color blindness. Prescribes eyeglasses, contact lenses,
and other vision aids or therapeutic procedures to correct or conserve vision. Consults with and
refers patients to OPHTHALMOLOGIST (medical ser.) 070.101-058 or other health care
practitioner if additional medical treatment is determined necessary. May prescribe medications
to treat eye diseases if state laws permit. May specialize in type of services provided, such as
contact lenses, low vision aids or vision therapy, or in treatment of specific groups, such as
children or elderly patients. May conduct research, instruct in college or university, act as
consultant, or work in public health field.
079.101-022 PODIATRIST (medical ser.)
Diagnoses and treats diseases and deformities of human foot:
Diagnoses foot ailments, such as tumors, ulcers, fractures, skin or nail diseases, and congenital or
acquired deformities, utilizing diagnostic aids, such as urinalysis, blood tests, and x-ray analysis.
Treats deformities, such as flat or weak feet and foot imbalance, by mechanical and electrical
methods, such as whirlpool or paraffin baths and short wave and low voltage currents. Treats
conditions, such as corns, calluses, ingrowing nails, tumors, shortened tendons, bunions, cysts,
and abscesses by surgical methods, including suturing, medications, and administration of local
anesthetics. Prescribes drugs. Does not perform foot amputations. Corrects deformities by means
of plaster casts and strappings. Makes and fits prosthetic appliances. Prescribes corrective
footwear. Advises patients concerning continued treatment of disorders and proper foot care to
prevent recurrence. Refers patients to physician when symptoms observed in feet and legs
indicate systemic disorders, such as arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, or kidney trouble. May treat
bone, muscle, and joint disorders and be designated Podiatrist, Orthopedic (medical ser.);
children's foot diseases and be designated Podopediatrician (medical ser.). May perform surgery
and be designated Podiatric Surgeon (medical ser.).
079.117-010 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES COORDINATOR (medical ser.)
Directs medical emergency service program: Coordinates
activities of persons involved in rescue, transportation, and care of accident or catastrophe
victims, and others requiring emergency medical assistance. Arranges for establishment of
emergency medical facilities, staffing of facilities by emergency-trained medical and auxiliary
personnel, installation of telecommunication network components, and acquisition of emergency
vehicles. Maintains records of facilities and personnel, and periodically inspects facilities to
ensure capability of meeting area's emergency needs. Maintains telecommunication contact with
mobile and stationary units comprising emergency service network to coordinate activities of
personnel, enlist services of other protective agencies, or provide alternate directions to onscene
emergency personnel when planned procedures are not feasible. Develops, plans, and participates
in training programs for ambulance and rescue personnel. Cooperates with schools and
community organizations to encourage public interest in and knowledge of basic and advanced
first aid training, and assists groups in development and presentation of classes. Maintains
records of emergency medical service activities, for coordination with records prepared by
cooperating institutions, to provide data for evaluation of program. Prepares reports stating
progress, problems, and plans for future implementation of emergency service for community or
area, for review by officials of sponsoring agency. Confers with coordinators of emergency
programs in other areas to discuss problems, coordinate activities, and cooperate in area or
statewide plans.
079.117-014 PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATOR (profess. & kin.)
Plans, organizes, and directs health education programs for
group and community needs: Conducts community surveys and collaborates with other health
specialists and civic groups to ascertain health needs, develop desirable health goals, and
determine availability of professional health services. Develops and maintains cooperation
between public, civic, professional, and voluntary agencies. Prepares and disseminates
educational and informational materials. Promotes health discussions in schools, industry, and
community agencies. May plan for and provide educational opportunities for health personnel.
079.117-018 SANITARIAN (profess. & kin.)
Plans, develops, and executes environmental health program:
Organizes and conducts training program in environmental health practices for schools and other
groups. Determines and sets health and sanitation standards and enforces regulations concerned
with food processing and serving, collection and disposal of solid wastes, sewage treatment and
disposal, plumbing, vector control, recreational areas, hospitals and other institutions, noise,
ventilation, air pollution, radiation, and other areas. Confers with government, community,
industrial, civil defense, and private organizations to interpret and promote environmental health
programs. Collaborates with other health personnel in epidemiological investigations and
control. Advises civic and other officials in development of environmental health laws and
regulations.
079.127-010 INSERVICE COORDINATOR, AUXILIARY PERSONNEL (medical ser.)
Plans and conducts orientation and training program for
nonprofessional nursing personnel: Organizes and writes nursing procedure manuals and guides
for use by auxiliary nursing personnel. Schedules classes, and teaches routine nursing procedures
to auxiliary personnel. Explains policies, rules, employee benefits, and organizational structure
of institution. Discusses functions of various hospital departments and arranges for tour of
physical plant. Assists nursing service supervisory personnel in solving problems of in-service
training, promotions, transfers, and discipline of auxiliary personnel.
079.131-010 DIRECTOR, SPEECH-AND-HEARING (medical ser.)
Directs and coordinates activities of personnel in hospital
speech and hearing department engaged in research and in testing and treating patients according
to established policies: Organizes and establishes personnel procedures, including hiring and
training, counsels employees, and evaluates work performance. Confers with
ADMINISTRATOR, HEALTH CARE FACILITY (medical ser.) 187.117-010 and committee
members to request expenditures for equipment, supplies, and personnel. Meets with
ADMINISTRATOR, HEALTH CARE FACILITY (medical ser.), department officials, and staff
members to explain new techniques and procedures or to demonstrate new and innovative
equipment. Plans and directs research and treatment programs to provide direction and assistance
to staff members. Conducts workshops and seminars to develop staff expertise and knowledge.
Analyzes data and maintains records of research and treatment programs.
079.151-010 TRANSPLANT COORDINATOR (medical ser.) alternate titles: organ transplant coordinator
Plans and coordinates in-hospital transplant services, solicits
organ donors, and assists medical staff in organ retrieval for patients undergoing organ or tissue
transplantation: Communicates with donors, patients, and health team members to ensure
comprehensive documentation, including informed consent of potential organ donor and
transplant recipient, equitable access to transplantation system, and access to treatment
alternatives. Analyzes medical data of potential organ donors and transplant recipients from
medical and social records, physical examination, and consultation with health team members to
perform preliminary physical assessment and screen potential recipients and donors. Schedules
recipient and donor laboratory tests to determine histocompatibility of blood or tissue of recipient
and donor. Compares collected data to normal values and correlates and summarizes laboratory
reports, x rays, and other tests to assist physician to determine medical suitability of procedure,
to identify potential complicating factors, and to evaluate recipient and donor compatibility.
Solicits medical and community groups for organ donors and assists medical team in retrieval of
organs for transplantation, using medical instruments. Coordinates in-hospital services and
counsels recipient and donor to alleviate anxieties and assist recipient and donor throughout
procedure. Advises post-operative patients on therapies for managing health after transplant and
serves as team member to monitor and assess progress of patient and offer advice and assistance
to patient following transplant. May coordinate in-hospital services and be known as Clinical
Transplant Coordinator (medical ser.). May coordinate organ and tissue procurement services
and be known as Procurement Transplant Coordinator (medical ser.).
079.157-010 HYPNOTHERAPIST (profess. & kin.)
Induces hypnotic state in client to increase motivation or alter
behavior patterns: Consults with client to determine nature of problem. Prepares client to enter
hypnotic state by explaining how hypnosis works and what client will experience. Tests subject
to determine degree of physical and emotional suggestibility. Induces hypnotic state in client,
using individualized methods and techniques of hypnosis based on interpretation of test results
and analysis of client's problem. May train client in self-hypnosis conditioning.
079.161-010 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts health program in industrial plant or governmental
organization to recognize, eliminate, and control occupational health hazards and diseases:
Collects samples of dust, gases, vapors, and other potentially toxic materials for analysis.
Investigates adequacy of ventilation, exhaust equipment, lighting, and other conditions which
may affect employee health, comfort, or efficiency. Conducts evaluations of exposure to ionizing
and nonionizing radiation and to noise, and recommends measures to ensure maximum employee
protection. Collaborates with INDUSTRIAL-HEALTH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) and
PHYSICIAN, OCCUPATIONAL (medical ser.) to institute control and remedial measures for
hazardous and potentially hazardous conditions and equipment. Prepares reports including
observations, analysis of contaminants, and recommendations for control and correction of
hazards. Participates in educational meetings to instruct employees in matters pertaining to
occupational health and prevention of accidents. May specialize in particular area, such as
collection and analysis of samples.
079.167-010 COMMUNITY-SERVICES-AND-HEALTH-EDUCATION OFFICER (government ser.)
Plans and directs statewide program of public health
education and promotes establishment of local health services: Directs workers engaged in
preparation and distribution of health information materials, such as brochures, films, weight
charts, and first-aid kits. Promotes establishment or expansion of local health services and
provides technical assistance to individuals and groups conducting [health conferences,
workshops, and training courses. Answers health information requests received by department or
reviews correspondence prepared by others. Coordinates special health education campaigns
during epidemics, rabies outbreaks, instances of food poisoning, and similar emergencies. May
direct health education activities in public schools.
079.167-014 MEDICAL-RECORD ADMINISTRATOR (medical ser.)
Plans, develops, and administers health information system
for health care facility consistent with standards of accrediting and regulatory agencies and
requirements of health care system: Develops and implements policies and procedures for
documenting, storing, and retrieving information, and for processing medical-legal documents,
insurance data, and correspondence requests, in conformance with federal, state, and local
statutes. Supervises staff, directly or through subordinates, in preparing and analyzing medical
documents. Participates in development and design of computer software for computerized
health information system. Coordinates medical care evaluation with medical staff and develops
criteria and methods for such evaluation. Develops in-service educational materials and conducts
instructional programs for health care personnel. Analyzes patient data for reimbursement,
facility planning, quality of patient care, risk management, utilization management, and research.
May manage medical records department and be known as Director, Medical Records (medical
ser.).
079.267-010 UTILIZATION-REVIEW COORDINATOR (medical ser.)
Analyzes patient records to determine legitimacy of
admission, treatment, and length of stay in health-care facility to comply with government and
insurance company reimbursement policies: Analyzes insurance, governmental, and accrediting
agency standards to determine criteria concerning admissions, treatment, and length of stay of
patients. Reviews application for patient admission and approves admission or refers case to
facility utilization review committee for review and course of action when case fails to meet
admission standards. Compares inpatient medical records to established criteria and confers with
medical and nursing personnel and other professional staff to determine legitimacy of treatment
and length of stay. Abstracts data from records and maintains statistics. Determines patient
review dates according to established diagnostic criteria. May assist review committee in
planning and holding federally mandated quality assurance reviews. May supervise and
coordinate activities of utilization review staff.
079.271-010 ACUPUNCTURIST (medical ser.)
Administers specific therapeutic treatment of symptoms and
disorders amenable to acupuncture procedures, as specifically indicated by supervising
physician: Reviews patient's medical history, physical findings, and diagnosis made by physician
to ascertain symptoms or disorder to be treated. Selects needles of various lengths, according to
location of insertion. Inserts needles at locations of body known to be efficacious to certain
disorders, utilizing knowledge of acupuncture points and their functions. Leaves needles in
patient for specific length of time, according to symptom or disorder treated, and removes
needles. Burns bark of mugwort tree in small strainer to administer moxibustion treatment.
Covers insertion area with cloth and rubs strainer over cloth to impart heat and assist in relieving
patient's symptoms.
079.271-014 ACUPRESSURIST (medical ser.)
Examines clients with pain, stress, or tension, determines
acupressure techniques required to relieve problems, and demonstrates techniques to client,
according to knowledge of acupressure methods and techniques. Directs client to lie on couch
and positions client's arms and legs in relaxed position to facilitate examination and
demonstration techniques. Questions clients, examines client's muscular system visually, and
feels tissue around muscles, nerves, and blood vessels to locate knots and other blockages which
indicate excessive accumulations of blood, fluids, and other substances in tissue. Determines
cause of accumulations and acupressure techniques needed to increase circulation, according to
knowledge of Asian acupuncture and pressure points and Western medical trigger points,
bodywork techniques, such as Jin Shin, Do-In, Shiatsu, Swedish, and Esalen, and experience.
Feels tissue around muscles, nerves, and blood vessels to locate points and applies specified
pressure at specified pressure points or muscles, using thumbs, fingers, palms, or elbows, to
redirect accumulated body fluids into normal channels, according to acupressure knowledge,
techniques, and experience. Discusses findings with client and explains diet and methods to
prevent recurrence of problem. May be known according to specific method or combination of
methods used, such as Gia Ahp, Jin Shin, Do-In, or Shiatsu.
079.361-014 VETERINARY TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: animal health technician; animal technician; veterinary assistant
Performs variety of animal health care duties to assist
VETERINARIAN (medical ser.) 073.101-010 in settings such as veterinarians' clinics, zoos,
research laboratories, kennels, and commercial facilities: Prepares treatment room for
examination of animals, and holds or restrains animals during examination, treatment, or
inoculation. Administers injections, performs venipunctures, applies wound dressings, cleans
teeth, and takes vital signs of animal, under supervision of veterinarian. Prepares patient,
medications, and equipment for surgery, and hands instruments and materials to veterinarian
during surgical procedures. Performs routine laboratory tests, cares for and feeds laboratory
animals, and assists professional personnel with research projects in commercial, public health,
or research laboratories. Inspects products or carcasses when employed in food processing plants
to ensure compliance with health standards. May assist veterinarian to artificially inseminate
animals. May bathe and groom small animals.
079.361-018 DENTAL ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Assists dentist during examination and treatment of patients:
Prepares patient, sterilizes and disinfects instruments, sets up instrument trays, prepares
materials, and assists dentist during dental procedures. Takes and records medical and dental
histories and vital signs of patient. Exposes dental diagnostic x rays. Makes preliminary
impressions for study casts and occlusal registrations for mounting study casts. Pours, trims, and
polishes study casts, fabricates custom impression trays from preliminary impressions, cleans
and polishes removable appliances, and fabricates temporary restorations. Assists dentist in
management of medical and dental emergencies. Instructs patients in oral hygiene and plaque
control programs. Provides postoperative instructions prescribed by dentist. Records treatment
information in patient records. Schedules appointments, prepares bills and receives payment for
dental services, completes insurance forms, and maintains clerical records, manually or using
computer. May clean teeth, using dental instruments. May apply protective coating of fluoride to
teeth.
079.362-010 MEDICAL ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Performs any combination of following duties under direction
of physician to assist in examination and treatment of patients: Interviews patients, measures
vital signs, such as pulse rate, temperature, blood pressure, weight, and height, and records
information on patients' charts. Prepares treatment rooms for examination of patients. Drapes
patients with covering and positions instruments and equipment. Hands instruments and
materials to doctor as directed. Cleans and sterilizes instruments. Inventories and orders medical
supplies and materials. Operates x ray, electrocardiograph (EKG), and other equipment to
administer routine diagnostic test or calls medical facility or department to schedule patients for
tests. Gives injections or treatments, and performs routine laboratory tests. Schedules
appointments, receives money for bills, keeps x ray and other medical records, performs
secretarial tasks, and completes insurance forms. May key data into computer to maintain office
and patient records. May keep billing records, enter financial transactions into bookkeeping
ledgers, and compute and mail monthly statements to patients.
079.362-014 MEDICAL RECORD TECHNICIAN (medical ser.)
Compiles and maintains medical records of patients of health
care delivery system to document patient condition and treatment: Reviews medical records for
completeness and to abstract and code clinical data, such as diseases, operations, procedures and
therapies, using standard classification systems. Compiles medical care and census data for
statistical reports on types of diseases treated, surgery performed, and use of hospital beds, in
response to inquiries from law firms, insurance companies, and government agencies. Maintains
and utilizes variety of health record indexes and storage and retrieval systems. Operates
computer to process, store, and retrieve health information. Assists MEDICAL-RECORD
ADMINISTRATOR (medical ser.) 079.167-014 in special studies or research, as needed.
079.362-018 TUMOR REGISTRAR (medical ser.)
Compiles and maintains records of hospital patients treated
for cancer to provide data for physicians and research studies, utilizing tumor registry data
system: Reviews hospital records to identify and compile patient data for use in cancer
management program and to comply with government regulations. Reviews patient's medical
record, abstracts and codes information, such as demographic characteristics, history and extent
of disease, diagnostic procedures and treatment, and enters data into computer. Contacts
discharged patients, their families, and physicians to maintain registry with follow-up
information, such as quality of life and length of survival of cancer patients. Prepares statistical
reports, narrative reports and graphic presentations of tumor registry data for use by hospital
staff, researchers, and other users of registry data. May supervise subordinate tumor registry staff
and be known as Manager, Tumor Registry (medical ser.).
079.364-010 CHIROPRACTOR ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Aids CHIROPRACTOR (medical ser.) during physical
examination of patients, gives specified office treatments, and keeps patients' records: Writes
history of patient's accident or illness, and shows patient to examining room. Aids
CHIROPRACTOR (medical ser.) in lifting and turning patient under treatment. Gives
physiotherapy treatments, such as diathermy, galvanics, or hydrotherapy, following directions of
CHIROPRACTOR (medical ser.). Takes and records patient's temperature and blood pressure,
assists in x-ray procedures, and gives first aid. Answers telephone, schedules appointments,
records treatment information on patient's chart, and fills out insurance forms. Prepares and mails
patient's bills.
079.364-014 OPTOMETRIC ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Performs any combination of following tasks to assist
OPTOMETRIST (medical ser) 079.101-018: Obtains and records patient's preliminary case
history. Maintains records, schedules appointments, performs bookkeeping, correspondence, and
filing. Prepares patient for vision examination; assists in testing for near and far acuity, depth
perception, macula integrity, color perception, and visual field, utilizing ocular testing apparatus.
Instructs patient in care and use of glasses or contact lenses. Works with patient in vision
therapy. Assists patient in frame selection. Adjusts and repairs glasses. Modifies contact lenses.
Maintains inventory of materials and cleans instruments. Assists in fabrication of eye glasses or
contact lenses.
079.364-018 PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Provides health care services to patients under direction and
responsibility of physician: Examines patient, performs comprehensive physical examination,
and compiles patient medical data, including health history and results of physical examination.
Administers or orders diagnostic tests, such as x ray, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests, and
interprets test results for deviations from normal. Performs therapeutic procedures, such as
injections, immunizations, suturing and wound care, and managing infection. Develops and
implements patient management plans, records progress notes, and assists in provision of
continuity of care. Instructs and counsels patients regarding compliance with prescribed
therapeutic regimens, normal growth and development, family planning, emotional problems of
daily living, and health maintenance. May have training in particular medical specialty and be
designated Anesthesiologist Assistant (medical ser.) or Surgeon Assistant (medical ser.).
079.364-022 PHLEBOTOMIST (medical ser.)
Draws blood from patients or donors in hospital, blood bank,
or similar facility for analysis or other medical purposes: Assembles equipment, such as
tourniquet, needles, disposable containers for needles, blood collection devices, gauze, cotton,
and alcohol on work tray, according to requirements for specified tests or procedures. Verifies or
records identity of patient or donor and converses with patient or donor to allay fear of
procedure. Applies tourniquet to arm, locates accessible vein, swabs puncture area with
antiseptic, and inserts needle into vein to draw blood into collection tube or bag. Withdraws
needle, applies treatment to puncture site, and labels and stores blood container for subsequent
processing. May prick finger to draw blood. May conduct interviews, take vital signs, and draw
and test blood samples to screen donors at blood bank.
079.364-026 PARAMEDIC (medical ser.) alternate titles: emt-paramedic
Administers life support care to sick and injured persons in
prehospital setting as authorized and directed by physician: Assesses nature and extent of illness
or injury to establish and prioritize medical procedures to be followed or need for additional
assistance. Restores and stabilizes heart rhythm on pulseless, nonbreathing patient, using
defibrillator, or as directed by physician. Monitors cardiac patient, using electrocardiograph.
Initiates intravenous fluids to administer medication or drugs, or to replace fluids lacking in
body. Performs endotracheal intubation to open airways and ventilate patient. Administers
injections of medications and drugs, following established protocols. Inflates pneumatic
anti-shock garment on patient to improve blood circulation. Administers initial treatment at
emergency scene and takes and records patient's vital signs. Assists in extricating trapped victims
and transports sick and injured persons to treatment center. Observes, records, and reports to
physician patient's condition and reaction to drugs, treatments, and significant incidents. May
drive mobile intensive care unit to emergency scene. May serve as team leader for
EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS (medical ser.) 079.374-010. May communicate with
physician and other medical personnel via radio-telephone.
079.367-018 MEDICAL-SERVICE TECHNICIAN (military ser.)
Administers medical aid to personnel aboard submarines,
small ships, and isolated areas in absence of or under supervision of medical superior: Examines
patients and diagnoses condition. Prescribes medication to treat condition of patient. Inoculates
and vaccinates patients to immunize patients from communicable diseases. Treats cuts and burns,
performs minor surgery and administers emergency medical care to patients during emergency
situations in absence of superior. Inspects food and facilities to determine conformance to
sanitary regulations. Recommends necessary measures to ensure sanitary conditions are
maintained. Records, transcribes, and files medical case histories. Prepares requisitions for
supplies, services, and equipment.
079.371-014 ORTHOPTIST (medical ser.)
Aids persons with correctable focusing defects to develop and
use binocular vision (focusing of both eyes): Measures visual acuity, focusing ability, and
eye-motor movement of eyes, separately and jointly. Aids patient to move, focus, and coordinate
both eyes to aid in visual development. Develops visual skills, near-visual discrimination, and
depth perception, using developmental glasses and prisms. Instructs adult patients or parents of
young patients in utilization of corrective methods at home.
079.374-010 EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN (medical ser.)
Administers first-aid treatment to and transports sick or
injured persons to medical facility, working as member of emergency medical team: Responds to
instructions from emergency medical dispatcher and drives specially equipped emergency
vehicle to specified location. Monitors communication equipment to maintain contact with
dispatcher. Removes or assists in removal of victims from scene of accident or catastrophe.
Determines nature and extent of illness or injury, or magnitude of catastrophe, to establish first
aid procedures to be followed or need for additional assistance, basing decisions on statements of
persons involved, examination of victim or victims, and knowledge of emergency medical
practice. Administers prescribed first-aid treatment at site of emergency, or in specially equipped
vehicle, performing such activities as application of splints, administration of oxygen or
intravenous injections, treatment of minor wounds or abrasions, or administration of artificial
resuscitation. Communicates with professional medical personnel at emergency treatment facility
to obtain instructions regarding further treatment and to arrange for reception of victims at
treatment facility. Assists in removal of victims from vehicle and transfer of victims to treatment
center. Assists treatment center admitting personnel to obtain and record information related to
victims' vital statistics and circumstances of emergency. Maintains vehicles and medical and
communication equipment and replenishes first-aid equipment and supplies. May assist in
controlling crowds, protecting valuables, or performing other duties at scene of catastrophe. May
assist professional medical personnel in emergency treatment administered at medical facility.
079.374-014 NURSE, LICENSED PRACTICAL (medical ser.)
Provides prescribed medical treatment and personal care
services to ill, injured, convalescent, and handicapped persons in such settings as hospitals,
clinics, private homes, schools, sanitariums, and similar institutions: Takes and records patients'
vital signs. Dresses wounds, gives enemas, douches, alcohol rubs, and massages. Applies
compresses, ice bags, and hot water bottles. Observes patients and reports adverse reactions to
medication or treatment to medical personnel in charge. Administers specified medication, orally
or by subcutaneous or intermuscular injection, and notes time and amount on patients' charts.
Assembles and uses such equipment as catheters, tracheotomy tubes, and oxygen suppliers.
Collects samples, such as urine, blood, and sputum, from patients for testing and performs
routine laboratory tests on samples. Sterilizes equipment and supplies, using germicides,
sterilizer, or autoclave. Prepares or examines food trays for prescribed diet and feeds patients.
Records food and fluid intake and output. Bathes, dresses, and assists patients in walking and
turning. Cleans rooms, makes beds, and answers patients' calls. Washes and dresses bodies of
deceased persons. Must pass state board examination and be licensed. May assist in delivery,
care, and feeding of infants. May inventory and requisition supplies. May provide medical
treatment and personal care to patients in private home settings and be designated Home Health
Nurse, Licensed Practical (medical ser.).
079.374-018 PODIATRIC ASSISTANT (medical ser.)
Assists PODIATRIST (medical ser.) in patient care. Prepares
patients for treatment, sterilizes instruments, performs general office duties, and assists
PODIATRIST (medical ser.) in preparing dressings, administering treatments, and developing x
rays.
079.374-022 SURGICAL TECHNICIAN (medical ser.) alternate titles: operating-room technician
Performs any combination of following tasks before, during,
and after surgery to assist surgical team: Places equipment and supplies in operating room and
arranges instruments, according to instructions. Assists team members to place and position
patient on table. Scrubs arms and hands and dons gown and gloves. Aids team to don gowns and
gloves. Maintains supply of fluids, such as plasma, saline, blood, and glucose for use during
operation. Hands instruments and supplies to surgeon, holds retractors, cuts sutures, and
performs other tasks as directed by surgeon during operation. Puts dressings on patient following
surgery. Counts sponges, needles, and instruments before and after operation. Washes and
sterilizes equipment, using germicides and sterilizers. Cleans operating room.
079.374-026 PSYCHIATRIC TECHNICIAN (medical ser.)
Provides nursing care to mentally ill, emotionally disturbed,
or mentally retarded patients in psychiatric hospital or mental health clinic and participates in
rehabilitation and treatment programs: Helps patients with their personal hygiene, such as
bathing and keeping beds, clothing, and living areas clean. Administers oral medications and
hypodermic injections, following physician's prescriptions and hospital procedures. Takes and
records measures of patient's general physical condition, such as pulse, temperature, and
respiration, to provide daily information. Observes patients to detect behavior patterns and
reports observations to medical staff. Intervenes to restrain violent or potentially violent or
suicidal patients by verbal or physical means as required. Leads prescribed individual or group
therapy sessions as part of specific therapeutic procedures. May complete initial admittance
forms for new patients. May contact patient's relatives by telephone to arrange family
conferences. May issue medications from dispensary and maintain records in accordance with
specified procedures. May be required to hold state license.
09 OCCUPATIONS IN EDUCATION This division includes occupations in education concerned with research, administration, and teaching. Includes occupations in the administration of federal, state, and private programs for which a background in education is required. Includes aides who assist classroom teachers by instructing sections of classes, coaching invididual pupils, and grading papers, but excludes aides where educational preparation is not specific and tasks of jobs include various clerical or service tasks. Classroom aide occupations in primary and secondary school are included in Group 249. Occupations concerned with teaching art other than in primary and secondary schools are included in Group 149. Occupations concerned with teaching dramatics, dancing, music, athletics, games of mental skill, e.g., bridge and chess, and sports, other than in primary and secondary schools, are included in appropriate groups under Division 15. Occupations concerned with student and teacher personnel work and vocational guidance are included in Groups 045 and 166. Administrative occupations which do not require a background of education are included in groups under Division 16.
090 OCCUPATIONS IN COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION This group includes occupations concerned with research, administration, and teaching in schools beyond the secondary school level (including junior colleges, technical institutes, and specialized post-secondary vocational schools, such as secretarial, laboratory technology, and aviation-training schools, as well as the graduate and undergraduate facilities and professional schools of colleges and universities). Teachers at this level usually specialize in one academic subject, professional discipline, or technical skill.
090.107-010 FOREIGN-STUDENT ADVISER (education) alternate titles: visiting-student counselor
Assists foreign students in making academic, personal-social,
and environmental adjustment to campus and community life: Evaluates students' qualifications
in light of admission requirements and makes recommendations relative to admission. Develops
and maintains case histories, noting language, educational, social, religious, or physical problems
affecting students' adjustments. Provides informal counseling and orientation regarding
recreational and religious outlets, study habits, and personal adjustments. Interprets university
regulations and requirements. Assists students in complying with government regulations
concerning status, immigration, visas, passports, permission to work, and related matters.
Represents students in cases involving conflict with regulations. Cooperates with other personnel
service bureaus to assist in adjustment of students. Approves students' proposed budgets and
requests release of funds from students' home governments to meet financial obligations.
Recommends students for scholarships, grants-in-aid, and waivers of tuition fees on basis of
scholarship, character, and financial need. Encourages and coordinates activities of groups which
promote understanding of foreign cultures. May assist in curriculum planning.
090.117-010 ACADEMIC DEAN (education) alternate titles: academic vice president; dean of instruction; faculty dean; provost; university dean; vice president for instruction
Develops academic policies and programs for college or
university: Directs and coordinates activities of deans and chairpersons of individual colleges.
Advises on personnel matters. Determines scheduling of courses and recommends
implementation of additional courses. Coordinates activities of student advisors. Participates in
activities of faculty committees, and in development of academic budget. Advises PRESIDENT,
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION (education) on academic matters. Serves as liaison officer with
accrediting agencies which evaluate academic programs. May serve as chief administrative
officer in absence of PRESIDENT, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION (education). May provide
general direction to LIBRARIAN (library); DIRECTOR OF ADMISSIONS (education); and
REGISTRAR, COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY (education).
090.117-014 ALUMNI SECRETARY (education) alternate titles: director, alumni relations
Directs and coordinates activities of college or university
alumni organization: Communicates with alumni and former students. Organizes and directs
alumni organizational functions, regional alumni meetings, and production of alumni
publications. Coordinates activities of clerical and publications staff. Promotes alumni
endorsement of institutional activities and enlists alumni aid in recruiting students and fund
raising. Secures publicity for alumni functions. May promote athletic events. May assist in
followup studies of graduates. May supervise alumni field officers.
090.117-018 DEAN OF STUDENTS (education) alternate titles: dean of student affairs; director of student services; vice president of student affairs
Directs and coordinates student programs of college or
university: Formulates and develops student personnel policies. Advises staff members on
problems relating to policy, program, and administration. Directs and assists in planning social,
recreational, and curricular programs. Counsels or advises individuals and groups on matters
pertaining to personal problems, educational and vocational objectives, social and recreational
activities, and financial assistance. Reviews reports of student misconduct cases that require
disciplinary action to ensure recommendations conform to university policies. Sponsors and
advises student organizations. Reviews budget and directs appropriations of student services unit.
Represents university in community on matters pertaining to student personnel program and
activities. May teach. May direct admissions, foreign student services, health services, student
union, and testing services. May be designated Dean Of Men (education); Dean Of Women
(education).
090.117-022 DIRECTOR, ATHLETIC (education)
Plans, administers, and directs intercollegiate athletic
activities in college or university: Interprets and participates in formulating extramural athletic
policies. Employs and discharges coaching staff and other department employees on own
initiative or at direction of board in charge of athletics. Directs preparation and dissemination of
publicity to promote athletic events. Plans and coordinates activities of coaching staff. Prepares
budget and authorizes department expenditures. Plans and schedules sports events, and oversees
ticket sales activities. Certifies reports of income produced from ticket sales. May direct
programs for students of physical education.
090.117-026 DIRECTOR, EXTENSION WORK (education)
Directs college or university extension service to provide
educational programs for adults in extended day, evening, and off-campus classes and in special
interest seminar and convention courses: Consults staff members to determine community
educational needs and to ascertain feasibility of proposed programs. Develops academic
objectives for specific programs and for long range extension services. Consults with staff and
outside experts and formulates program scope and content. Meets with academic and
administrative personnel to disseminate information regarding program objectives and to ensure
that program goals are met. Establishes operational policies and procedures. Reviews program
progress reports to ensure that objectives are met. Reviews and approves budget. Oversees
activities of operational and program departments. Directs activities of administrative staff.
090.117-030 FINANCIAL-AIDS OFFICER (education) alternate titles: director of financial aid and placements; director of student aid
Directs scholarship, grant-in-aid, and loan programs to
provide financial assistance to students in college or university: Selects candidates and
determines types and amounts of aid. Organizes and oversees student financial counseling
activities. Coordinates activities with other departmental staff engaged in issuing or collecting
student payments. May teach. May select financial aid candidates as members of committee and
be designated Chairperson, Scholarship And Loan Committee (education).
090.117-034 PRESIDENT, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION (education) alternate titles: chancellor
Formulates plans and programs for and directs administration
of college, school, or university, within authority delegated by governing board: Confers with
board of control to plan and initiate programs concerning organizational, operational, and
academic functions of campus, and oversees their execution. Administers fiscal and physical
planning activities, such as development of budget and building expansion programs, and
recommends their adoption. Negotiates with administrative officials and representatives of
business, community, and civic groups to promote educational, research, and public service
objectives and policies of institution as formulated by board of control. Establishes operational
procedures, rules, and standards relating to faculty and staff classification standards, financial
disbursements, and accounting requirements. Represents campus on board of control and at
formal functions. May be designated according to type of institution presided over as President,
Business School (education); President, College Or University (education).
090.164-010 LABORATORY MANAGER (education)
Coordinates activities of university science laboratory to
assist faculty in teaching and research programs: Consults with faculty laboratory coordinator to
determine equipment purchase priorities based on budget allowances, condition of existing
equipment, and scheduled laboratory activities. Prepares and puts in place equipment scheduled
for use during laboratory teaching sessions. Demonstrates care and use of equipment to teaching
assistants. Builds prototype equipment, applying electromechanical knowledge and using
handtools and power tools. Trains teaching staff and students in application and use of new
equipment. Diagnoses equipment malfunctions and dismantles and repairs equipment, applying
knowledge of shop mechanics and using gauges, meters, handtools, and power tools. Develops
methods of laboratory experimentation, applying knowledge of scientific theory and computer
capability. Confers with teaching staff periodically to evaluate new equipment and methods.
Teaches laboratory sessions in absence of teaching assistant.
090.167-010 DEPARTMENT HEAD, COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY (education) alternate titles: department chairperson, college or university
Administers affairs of college department, such as English,
biological sciences, or mathematics department: Arranges schedules of classes and assigns
teaching staff to conduct classes. Prepares lists of budgetary and other needs. Interviews
applicants for teaching positions. Performs other administrative duties in addition to teaching
assignment. May administer department's budget and recruit academic personnel. May head
department in two-year college and be designated Department Head, Junior College (education).
090.167-014 DIRECTOR OF ADMISSIONS (education) alternate titles: dean of admissions
Directs and coordinates admissions program of public or
private college or university, according to policies developed by governing board: Directs
program of admissions counseling and reviews exceptional admissions cases. Confers with staff
of other schools to explain admission requirements and student transfer credit policies. Evaluates
courses offered by other schools to determine their equivalency to courses offered on campus.
Directs preparation of printed materials explaining admission requirements and transfer credit
policies for dissemination to other schools. May counsel students having problems relating to
admissions or may supervise professionally trained admissions counseling staff. May serve on
policy making admissions committee. May participate in or conduct student recruitment
programs with other members of faculty and staff. May administer financial aid programs.
090.167-018 DIRECTOR OF INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH (education) alternate titles: administrative analyst; director of institutional studies; vice president for institutional research
Directs and coordinates activities concerned with research
and evaluation of operations and programs of college or university: Identifies problem areas,
such as admission patterns, fiscal and management analysis, and sources of financial support in
order to develop research procedures. Coordinates research efforts and assists in evaluating
research findings. Coordinates activities of research staff. May teach.
090.167-022 DIRECTOR OF STUDENT AFFAIRS (education) alternate titles: director, student union; manager, student union; student-activities adviser; student-union consultant
Plans and arranges social, cultural, and recreational activities
of various student groups, according to university policies and regulations: Meets with student
and faculty groups to plan activities. Evaluates programs and suggests modifications. Schedules
events to prevent overlapping and coordinates activities with sports and other university
programs. Contacts caterers, entertainers, decorators, and others to arrange for scheduled events.
Conducts orientation program for new students with other members of faculty and staff. Advises
student groups on financial status of and methods for improving their organizations. Promotes
student participation in social, cultural, and recreational activities. May coordinate preparation
and publishing of student affairs calendar. May provide individual or group counseling on
selection of social activities and use of leisure time. May be designated according to activity
performed as Fraternity Adviser (education); Women's-Activities Adviser (education).
090.167-026 DIRECTOR, SUMMER SESSIONS (education)
Coordinates and directs summer session program of college
or university: Analyzes past records and confers with faculty and staff on enrollment trends to
anticipate size of enrollment. Estimates budget requirements on basis of expected income and
expenditures and requests allotment of funds. Discusses apportionment of funds with heads of
departments and approves or alters detailed budgets according to past financial success of
proposed course offerings. Issues invitations to and appoints teaching staff upon
recommendations of department heads. Directs preparation and distribution of summer session
bulletin and publicity releases. Oversees registration of summer session students. May establish
tuition fees as member of committee on basis of expected enrollment to provide income equal to
expenses.
090.167-030 REGISTRAR, COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY (education) alternate titles: director of admissions
Directs and coordinates college or university registration
activities: Consults with other officials to devise registration schedules and procedures. Analyzes
statistical data on registration for administrative use in formulating policies. Exchanges student
information with other colleges or universities. Directs preparation of student transcripts.
Prepares commencement list. Directs preparation of statistical reports on educational activities
for government and educational agencies and interprets registration policies to faculty and
students. Directs activities of workers engaged in transcribing and evaluating academic records
of students applying for permission to enter college or university. Directs compilation of
information, such as class schedules and graduation requirements, for publication in school
bulletins and catalogs. Coordinates dissemination of information on courses offered and
procedures students are required to follow in order to obtain grade transcripts. Issues official
transcripts. Coordinates class schedules with room assignments for optimum use of buildings and
equipment. May assign rooms for student activities.
090.167-034 DIRECTOR, FIELD SERVICES (education) alternate titles: director of recruitment
Directs and plans recruitment activities of community
college: Plans comprehensive program of marketing services in recruitment of students and
outreach activities with business, industry, community organizations, and public agencies to
establish educational programs and to identify educational needs of community. Develops and
distributes recruiting literature in locations, such as high schools and shopping centers. Plans
publicity campaign and contacts target groups directly through visits with school counselors,
career day activities, and meetings with industry groups to explain college educational programs
and services. Studies federal and state regulations and local demographic and employment trends
to determine impact on enrollment. Coordinates recruitment activities with other colleges.
Advises administrative staff on need for new programs and courses. Prepares budget and annual
reports.
090.222-010 INSTRUCTOR, BUSINESS EDUCATION (education)
Instructs students in commercial subjects, such as typing,
filing, secretarial procedures, business mathematics, office equipment use, and personality
development, in business schools, community colleges, or training programs: Instructs students
in subject matter, utilizing various methods, such as lecture and demonstration, and uses
audiovisual aids and other materials to supplement presentations. Prepares or follows teaching
outline for course of study, assigns lessons, and corrects homework and classroom papers.
Administers tests to evaluate students' progress, records results, and issues reports to inform
students of their progress. Maintains discipline in classroom.
090.227-010 FACULTY MEMBER, COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY (education)
Conducts college or university courses for undergraduate or
graduate students: Teaches one or more subjects, such as economics, chemistry, law, or
medicine, within prescribed curriculum. Prepares and delivers lectures to students. Compiles
bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments. Stimulates class
discussions. Compiles, administers, and grades examinations, or assigns this work to others.
Directs research of other teachers or graduate students working for advanced academic degrees.
Conducts research in particular field of knowledge and publishes findings in professional
journals. Performs related duties, such as advising students on academic and vocational curricula,
and acting as adviser to student organizations. Serves on faculty committee providing
professional consulting services to government and industry. May be designated according to
faculty rank in traditional hierarchy as determined by institution's estimate of scholarly maturity
as Associate Professor (education); Professor (education); or according to rank distinguished by
duties assigned or amount of time devoted to academic work as Research Assistant (education);
Visiting Professor (education). May teach in two-year college and be designated Teacher, Junior
College (education); or in technical institute and be designated Faculty Member, Technical
Institute (education). May be designated: Acting Professor (education); Assistant Professor
(education); Clinical Instructor (education); Instructor (education); Lecturer (education);
Teaching Assistant (education).
090.227-014 GRADUATE ASSISTANT (education)
Assists department chairperson, faculty members or other
professional staff members in college or university, by performing any combination of following
duties: Assists in library, develops teaching materials, such as syllabi and visual aids, assists in
laboratory or field research, prepares and gives examinations, assists in student conferences,
grades examinations and papers, and teaches lower-level courses. May be designated by duties
performed, or equipment operated.
090.227-018 INSTRUCTOR, EXTENSION WORK (education)
Conducts evening classes for extension service of college or
university: Prepares course of study designed to meet community, organization, and student
needs. Conducts and corrects examinations, and assigns course grades.
091 OCCUPATIONS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION This group includes occupations concerned with research, administration, and teaching at the secondary school level (intermediate grades between primary school and college). Teaching at this level is generally specialized according to one group of related subjects, such as physics, math, history, literature, home economics, industrial arts, or music. Occupations concerned with relieving teachers of duties which do not require academic training, such as clerical tasks or attending to personal needs of students, are included in Group 249.
091.107-010 ASSISTANT PRINCIPAL (education)
Administers school student personnel program in primary or
secondary school, and counsels and disciplines students, performing any combination of
following tasks: Formulates student personnel policies, such as code of ethics. Plans and
supervises school student activity programs. Gives individual and group guidance for personal
problems, educational and vocational objectives, and social and recreational activities. Talks with
and disciplines students in cases of attendance and behavior problems. Supervises students in
attendance at assemblies and athletic events. Walks about school building and property to
monitor safety and security or directs and coordinates teacher supervision of areas such as halls
and cafeteria. Observes and evaluates teacher performance. Maintains records of student
attendance. Arranges for and oversees substitute teachers. Works with administrators to
coordinate and supervise student teachers program. Teaches courses. Assists PRINCIPAL
(education) 099.117-018 to interview and hire teachers. Organizes and administers in-service
teacher training. Acts as PRINCIPAL (education) in absence of PRINCIPAL (education). May
be required to have certification from state.
091.221-010 TEACHER, INDUSTRIAL ARTS (education) alternate titles: shop teacher
Teaches students basic techniques and assists in development
of manipulative skills in industrial arts courses in secondary schools: Prepares lesson plans for
courses and establishes goals. Lectures, illustrates, and demonstrates when teaching use of
handtools; machines, such as lathe, planer, power saws, and drill press; safety practices;
precision measuring instruments, such as micrometer; and industrial arts techniques. Evaluates
student progress. Talks with parents and counselor to resolve behavioral and academic problems.
May teach shop math. May specialize in one or more areas, such as woodworking, metalworking,
electricity, graphic arts, automobile repair, or drafting. May teach students with disabilities. May
be required to have certification from state.
091.227-010 TEACHER, SECONDARY SCHOOL (education) alternate titles: high school teacher
Teaches one or more subjects to students in public or private
secondary schools: Instructs students, using various teaching methods, such as lecture and
demonstration, and uses audiovisual aids and other materials to supplement presentations.
Prepares course objectives and outline for course of study following curriculum guidelines or
requirements of state and school. Assigns lessons and corrects homework. Administers tests to
evaluate pupil progress, records results, and issues reports to inform parents of progress. Keeps
attendance records. Maintains discipline in classroom. Meets with parents to discuss student
progress and problems. Participates in faculty and professional meetings, educational
conferences, and teacher training workshops. Performs related duties, such as sponsoring one or
more activities or student organizations, assisting pupils in selecting course of study, and
counseling student in adjustment and academic problems. May be identified according to subject
matter taught. May be required to hold certification from state.
092 OCCUPATIONS IN PRESCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL, AND KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION This group includes occupations concerned with research, administration, and teaching below the secondary school level. Teaching at this level is generally not specialized according to subject matter. Some specialization does occur in music, art, science, or physical training. Occupations concerned with relieving teachers of duties which do not require academic training, such as clerical tasks or attending to personal needs of children, are included in Group 249.
092.167-010 DIRECTOR, DAY CARE CENTER (education)
Directs activities of preschool, day care center, or other child
development facility to provide instruction and care for children: Prepares and submits facility
budget to board of trustees, administrative agency, or owner for approval. Authorizes purchase of
instructional materials and teaching aids, such as books, toys, and games designed to stimulate
learning. Interviews and recommends hiring of teaching and service staff. Confers with parents
regarding facility activities, policies, and enrollment procedures. Confers with teaching staff
regarding child's behavioral or learning problems, and recommends methods of modifying
inappropriate behavior and encouraging learning experiences. Reviews and evaluates facility
activities to ensure conformance to state and local regulations. Reviews and approves menu plans
and food purchases. May arrange medical attention for ill or injured child in accordance with
parental instructions. May perform classroom teaching duties during absence of regular teacher.
May be designated Director, Child Development Center (education); Director, Nursery School
(education).
092.227-010 TEACHER, ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (education)
Teaches elementary school students academic, social, and
motor skills in public or private schools: Prepares course objectives and outline for course of
study following curriculum guidelines or requirements of state and school. Lectures,
demonstrates, and uses audiovisual teaching aids to present subject matter to class. Prepares,
administers, and corrects tests, and records results. Assigns lessons, corrects papers, and hears
oral presentations. Teaches rules of conduct. Maintains order in classroom and on playground.
Counsels pupils when adjustment and academic problems arise. Discusses pupils' academic and
behavioral attitudes and achievements with parents. Keeps attendance and grade records as
required by school. May coordinate class field trips. May teach combined grade classes. May
specialize by subject taught, such as math, science, or social studies. May be required to hold
state certification.
092.227-014 TEACHER, KINDERGARTEN (education) alternate titles: instructor, kindergarten
Teaches elemental natural and social science, personal
hygiene, music, art, and literature to children from 4 to 6 years old, to promote their physical,
mental, and social development: Supervises activities, such as field visits, group discussions, and
dramatic play acting, to stimulate students' interest in and broaden understanding of their
physical and social environment. Fosters cooperative social behavior through games and group
projects to assist children in forming satisfying relationships with other children and adults.
Encourages students in singing, dancing, rhythmic activities, and in use of art materials, to
promote self-expression and appreciation of esthetic experience. Instructs children in practices of
personal cleanliness and self care. Alternates periods of strenuous activity with periods of rest or
light activity to avoid overstimulation and fatigue. Observes children to detect signs of ill health
or emotional disturbance, and to evaluate progress. Discusses students' problems and progress
with parents.
092.227-018 TEACHER, PRESCHOOL (education)
Instructs children in activities designed to promote social,
physical, and intellectual growth needed for primary school in preschool, day care center, or
other child development facility. Plans individual and group activities to stimulate growth in
language, social, and motor skills, such as learning to listen to instructions, playing with others,
and using play equipment. May be required to have certification from state. May be designated
Teacher, Child Development Center (education); Teacher, Day Care Center (education); Teacher,
Early Childhood Development (education); Teacher, Nursery School (education).
094 OCCUPATIONS IN EDUCATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES This group includes occupations concerned with research in the education and training of persons with disabilities; the administration of schools or programs for persons with disabilities; and teaching in such schools and programs which require specialized techniques and procedures. Includes teaching persons with visual impairments to read books imprinted in braille and to develop their sense of touch; instructing persons who are hearing impaired in sign language and lip reading; and instructing persons with mental, neurological, and emotional disabilities.
094.107-010 WORK-STUDY COORDINATOR, SPECIAL EDUCATION (education)
Plans and conducts special education work and study program
for in-school youth: Establishes contacts with employers and employment agencies and surveys
newspapers and other sources to locate work opportunities for students. Confers with potential
employers to communicate objectives of work study program and to solicit cooperation in
adapting work situations to special needs of students. Evaluates and selects program participants
according to specified criteria and counsels and instructs selected students in matters such as
vocational choices, job readiness, and job retention skills and behaviors. Assists students in
applying for jobs and accompanies students to employment interviews. Confers with employer
and visits work site to monitor progress of student and to determine support needed to meet
employer requirements and fulfill program goals. Counsels students to foster development of
satisfactory job performance. Confers with school and community personnel to impart
information about program and to coordinate program functions with related activities.
094.117-010 DIRECTOR, COMMISSION FOR THE BLIND (government ser.)
Directs activities of State Commission for the Blind to
facilitate vocational and social adjustment of visually handicapped individuals: Directs, through
subordinates, activities of workers engaged in training visually handicapped in vocational and
other skills. Plans and organizes training programs and self-employment opportunities for blind
persons. Confers with representatives of civic groups and charitable organizations to coordinate
programs and services. Recommends changes in legislation affecting visually handicapped
individuals. Represents Commission at conventions and addresses public gatherings to promote
understanding of problems of blind and partially sighted and activities of Commission.
Authorizes purchase of materials and equipment within allocated budget.
094.117-018 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION CONSULTANT (government ser.)
Develops and coordinates implementation of vocational
rehabilitation programs: Consults with members of local communities and personnel of
rehabilitation facilities, such as sheltered workshops and skills training centers, to identify need
for new programs or modification of existing programs. Collects and analyzes data to define
problems and develops proposals for programs to provide needed services, utilizing knowledge
of vocational rehabilitation theory and practice, program funding sources, and government
regulations. Provides staff training, negotiates contracts for equipment and supplies, and
performs related functions to implement program changes. Monitors program operations and
recommends additional measures to ensure programs meet defined needs.
094.167-010 SUPERVISOR, SPECIAL EDUCATION (education)
Directs and coordinates activities of teachers and other staff
providing home or school instruction, evaluation services, job placement, or other special
education services to physically, mentally, emotionally, or neurologically handicapped children:
Reviews referrals and diagnoses and participates in conferences with administrators, staff,
parents, children, and other concerned parties to formulate recommendations for student
placement and provision of services. Monitors staff activities and gives technical assistance in
areas, such as assessment, curriculum development, use of materials and equipment, and
management of student behavior. Plans and conducts in-service training. Interviews applicants,
recommends hirings, and evaluates staff performance. May write grant proposals. May assist
program administrators in preparation of budget and development of program policy and goals.
May address public to elicit support and explain program objectives.
094.167-014 DIRECTOR, SPECIAL EDUCATION (education) alternate titles: administrative assistant, special education; assistant superintendent, special education
Directs and coordinates special education programs in public
school systems, public agencies, and state institutions to teach students with mental or physical
disabilities: Formulates policies and procedures for new or revised programs or activities, such as
screening, placement, education, and training of students. Evaluates special education programs
to ensure that objectives for student education are met. Interprets laws, rules, and regulations to
students, parents, and staff. Recruits, selects, and evaluates staff. Prepares budget and solicits
funds to provide financial support for programs. Prepares reports for federal, state, and local
regulatory agencies. May contract with agencies for needed services, such as residential care.
May administer achievement tests to measure student level of performance.
094.224-010 TEACHER, HEARING IMPAIRED (education)
Teaches elementary and secondary school subjects to hearing
impaired students, using various methods of communication to receive and convey language:
Plans curriculum and prepares lessons and other instructional materials according to grade level
of students, utilizing visual media, such as computer, films, television, and charts. Confers with
committee of parents, administrators, testing specialists, social worker, and others to develop
individual educational program. Instructs students in academic subjects. Instructs students in
various forms of communication, such as gestures, sign language, finger spelling, and speech
cues. Encourages students to participate in verbal communication classroom learning experiences
to ensure their comprehension of subject matter, development of social skills, and ability to
communicate in situations encountered in daily living. Tests students' hearing aids to ensure
hearing aids are functioning. May attend and interpret lectures and instructions for students
enrolled in regular classes. May teach parents how to participate in and enhance students'
learning experiences. May teach students to use computer. May specialize in teaching lip reading
and be designated Teacher, Lip Reading (education). May be required to have certification from
state.
094.224-014 TEACHER, PHYSICALLY IMPAIRED (education)
Teaches elementary and secondary school subjects to
physically impaired students, adapting teaching techniques and methods of instruction to meet
individual needs of students in schools, hospitals, and students' homes: Plans curriculum and
prepares lessons and other materials, considering factors, such as individual needs, abilities,
learning levels, and physical limitations of students. Confers with parents, administrators, testing
specialists, social worker, and others to develop educational program for student. Instructs
students with observable orthopedic impairments, as well as those with internal impairment, such
as heart condition. Arranges and adjusts tools, work aids, and equipment utilized by students in
classroom, such as specially equipped worktables, computers, typewriters, and mechanized page
turners. Devises special teaching tools, techniques, and equipment. Instructs students in academic
subjects and other activities designed to provide learning experience. Confers with other
members of staff to develop programs to maximize students' potentials. May assist members of
medical staff in rehabilitation programs for students. May be required to have certification from
state.
094.224-018 TEACHER, VISUALLY IMPAIRED (education)
Teaches elementary and secondary school subjects and daily
living skills to visually impaired students: Instructs students in reading and writing, using
magnification equipment and large print material or braille system. Confers with parents,
administrator, testing specialists, social worker, and others to develop individual educational
program for students. Plans curriculum and prepares lessons and other instructional materials,
according to grade level of students. Transcribes lessons and other materials into braille for blind
students or large print for low vision students. Reviews and corrects completed assignments,
using such aids as braille writer, slate and stylus, or computer. Arranges for and conducts field
trips designed to promote experiential learning. Instructs students in academic subject areas and
daily living skills, such as hygiene, safety, and food preparation. Encourages students to
participate in verbal and sensory classroom learning experiences to ensure their comprehension
of subject matter, development of social skills, and ability to identify objects encountered in
daily living. Meets with parents to discuss how parents can encourage student's independence
and well-being and to provide guidance in using community resources. May counsel students.
May teach braille to individuals with sight and be designated Instructor, Braille (education).
094.227-010 TEACHER, EMOTIONALLY IMPAIRED (education)
Teaches elementary and secondary school subjects to students
with emotional impairments in schools, institutions, or other specialized facilities: Plans
curriculum and prepares lessons and other instructional materials to meet individual needs of
students, considering such factors as physical, emotional, and educational levels of development.
Confers with parents, administrators, testing specialists, social workers, and others to develop
individual educational plan for student. Instructs students in academic subjects and social
interaction skills. Observes students for signs of disruptive behavior, such as violence, verbal
outbursts, and episodes of destructiveness. Teaches socially acceptable behavior employing
techniques such as behavior modification and positive reinforcement. Confers with other staff
members to plan programs designed to promote educational, physical, and social development of
students. May be required to have certification from local, state, and federal government.
094.227-022 TEACHER, MENTALLY IMPAIRED (education)
Teaches basic academic and living skills to mentally impaired
students in schools and other institutions: Plans curriculum and prepares lessons and other
instructional materials according to achievement levels of students. Confers with parents,
administrators, testing specialists, social workers, and others to develop individual educational
program for students who are at different learning ability levels, including educable, trainable,
and severely impaired. Instructs students in academic subjects, utilizing various teaching
techniques, such as phonetics, multisensory learning, and repetition to reinforce learning.
Instructs students in daily living skills required for independent maintenance and economic
self-sufficiency, such as hygiene, safety, and food preparation. Observes, evaluates, and prepares
reports on progress of students. Meets with parents to provide support and guidance in using
community resources. May administer and interpret results of ability and achievement tests. May
be required to hold state certification.
094.227-026 TEACHER, VOCATIONAL TRAINING (education)
Teaches vocational skills to handicapped students: Confers
with students, parents, school personnel, and other individuals to plan vocational training that
meets needs, interests, and abilities of students. Instructs students in areas such as personal-social
skills and work-related attitudes and behaviors. Develops work opportunities that allow students
to experience success in performing tasks of increasing difficulty and that teach work values,
such as self-improvement, independence, dependability, productivity, and pride of work.
Conducts field trips to enable students to learn about job activities and to explore work
environments. May teach academic skills to students. May instruct students in one or more
vocational skills, such as woodworking, building maintenance, cosmetology, food preparation,
gardening, sewing, or nurse aiding.
094.227-030 TEACHER, LEARNING DISABLED (education)
Teaches elementary and secondary school subjects in schools,
institutions, or other specialized facilities to students with neurological problems in learning:
Plans curriculum and prepares lessons and other instructional materials to meet individual need
of students, considering state and school requirements, physical, emotional, and educational
levels of development. Confers with parents, administrators, testing specialists, social worker,
and others to develop individual educational program for student. Instructs students in all
academic subjects. Creates learning materials geared to each student's ability and interest.
Instructs students, using special educational strategies and techniques, to improve sensory-motor
and perceptual-motor development, perception, memory, language, cognition, and social and
emotional development. Works with students to increase motivation, provide consistent
reinforcement to learning, continuous assessment of level of functioning, and continuous
feedback to student for all learning activities. Works with parents to accept and develop skills in
dealing with student's learning impairment. May work as consultant, teach in self-contained
classroom, or teach in resource room. May be required to hold certification from state.
094.267-010 EVALUATOR (education)
Assesses type and degree of disability of handicapped
children to aid in determining special programs and services required to meet educational needs:
Reviews referrals of children having or suspected of having learning disabilities, mental
retardation, behavioral disorders, or physical handicaps to determine evaluation procedure.
Confers with school or other personnel and scrutinizes records to obtain additional information
on nature and severity of disability. Observes student behavior and rates strength and weakness
of factors such as rapport, motivation, cooperativeness, aggression, attention span, and task
completion. Selects, administers, and scores variety of preliminary tests to measure individual's
aptitudes, educational achievements, perceptual motor skills, vision, and hearing. Reports
findings for staff consideration in placement of children in educational programs. May test
preschool children to detect learning handicaps and recommend followup activities, consultation,
or services. May administer work related tests and review records and other data to assess student
vocational interests and abilities. May specialize in evaluating student readiness to transfer from
special classes to regular classroom, and in providing supportive services to regular classroom
teacher and be designated Mainstreaming Facilitator (education).
096 HOME ECONOMISTS AND FARM ADVISERS This group includes occupations concerned with informing and advising homemakers, farmers, and farm youth in the arts and techniques of homemaking or farming, usually in the home or on the farm, in consultation, or in locally organized groups and meetings.
096.121-010 COUNTY HOME-DEMONSTRATION AGENT (government ser.) alternate titles: home agent; home-demonstration agent; home-extension agent
Develops, organizes, and conducts programs for individuals
in rural communities to improve farm and family life: Lectures and demonstrates techniques in
such subjects as nutrition, clothing, home management, home furnishing, and child care. Visits
homes to advise families on problems, such as family budgeting and home remodeling.
Organizes and advises clubs, and assists in selecting and training leaders to guide group
discussions and demonstrations in subjects, such as sewing, food preparation, and home
decoration. Writes leaflets and articles and talks over radio and television to disseminate
information. Participates in community activities, such as judging at rural fairs and speaking
before parent-teachers associations. May direct 4-H Club activities [FOUR-H CLUB AGENT
(education)].
096.121-014 HOME ECONOMIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: consumer services consultant
Organizes and conducts consumer education service or
research program for equipment, food, textile, or utility company, utilizing principles of home
economics: Advises homemakers in selection and utilization of household equipment, food, and
clothing, and interprets homemakers' needs to manufacturers of household products. Writes
advertising copy and articles of interest to homemakers, tests recipes, equipment, and new
household products, conducts radio and television homemakers' programs, and performs other
public relations and promotion work for business firms, newspapers, magazines, and radio and
television stations. Advises individuals and families on home management practices, such as
budget planning, meal preparation, and energy conservation. Teaches improved homemaking
practices to homemakers and youths through educational programs, demonstrations, discussions,
and home visits. May engage in research in government, private industry, and colleges and
universities to explore family relations or child development, develop new products for home,
discover facts on food nutrition, and test serviceability of new materials. May specialize in
specific area of home economics and be designated Equipment Specialist (profess. & kin.);
Fashion Consultant (profess. & kin.); Home Economist, Consumer Service (profess. & kin.);
Nutritionist (profess. & kin.); Product Representative (profess. & kin.); Research-Home
Economist (profess. & kin.); Test-Kitchen-Home Economist (profess. & kin.).
096.127-010 COUNTY-AGRICULTURAL AGENT (government ser.) alternate titles: agricultural agent; county adviser; county agent; extension agent; extension-service agent; extension worker; farm adviser; farm agent
Organizes and conducts cooperative extension program to
advise and instruct farmers and individuals engaged in agri-business in applications of
agricultural research findings: Collects, analyzes, and evaluates agricultural data; plans and
develops techniques; and advises farmers to assist in solving problems, such as crop rotation and
soil erosion. Delivers lectures and prepares articles concerning subjects, such as farm
management and soil conservation. Demonstrates practical procedures used in solving
agricultural problems. Discusses extension program with representatives of commercial
organizations, county government, and other groups to inform them of program services and to
obtain their cooperation in encouraging use of services. Prepares activity, planning, and other
reports and maintains program records. Prepares budget requests, or assists in their preparation.
May supervise and coordinate activities of other county extension workers. May direct 4-H Club
activities. May be designated by specific program assignment as Agri-Business Agent
(government ser.); Farm-Management Agent (government ser.); Horticultural Agent
(government ser.); Livestock Agent (government ser.); Resource Agent (government ser.).
096.127-014 EXTENSION SERVICE SPECIALIST (government ser.) alternate titles: cooperative extension advisor specialist
Instructs extension workers and develops specialized service
activities in area of agriculture or home economics: Plans, develops, organizes, and evaluates
training programs in subjects, such as home management, horticulture, and consumer
information. Prepares leaflets, pamphlets, and other material for use as training aids. Conducts
classes to train extension workers in specialized fields and in teaching techniques. Delivers
lectures to commercial and community organizations and over radio and television to promote
development of agricultural or domestic skills. Analyzes research data and plans activities to
coordinate services with those offered by other departments, agencies, and organizations. May be
designated according to field of specialization as Agricultural-Extension Specialist (government
ser.); Home Economics Specialist (government ser.).
096.127-018 FEED AND FARM MANAGEMENT ADVISER (agriculture; retail trade)
Instructs farmers and retail grain and feed-store customers in
modern and scientific feed and farm management techniques: Discusses feeding problems for
fowl, swine, cattle, and other livestock with farmers. Examines poultry or livestock and
recommends medication and remedial measures to prevent spread of disease and to maintain
healthy poultry or livestock. Advises and assists farmers in securing services of
VETERINARIAN (medical ser.) for treating larger animals. Assists farmers in setting up cost
and production records to determine most economical method of farm operation. May give
lectures and demonstrations to farm groups. May take feed orders.
096.127-022 FOUR-H CLUB AGENT (education)
Organizes and directs educational projects and activities of
4-H Club: Recruits and trains volunteer leaders to plan and guide 4-H Club program to meet
needs and interests of individuals and community. Directs selection of educational projects, such
as sewing, woodworking, photography, and livestock raising. Procures, develops, distributes, and
presents teaching materials, such as visual aids and literature for educational projects. Arranges
for 4-H Clubs to exhibit or participate in events, such as county and state fairs and state 4-H Club
events. Develops and maintains recognition and incentive program for members and leaders of
4-H Clubs. May specialize in directing 4-H Club activities for girls and be designated Youth
Agent (education).
096.161-010 HOME-SERVICE DIRECTOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: director of home economics
Plans, coordinates, and directs consumer education service or
research program for equipment, food, or utility company to promote goodwill and sale of
products or services: Studies and interprets data concerning consumer habits and preferences
obtained from surveys, letters, and other customer contacts to aid company in product
development. Plans and organizes program to educate consumers in use of equipment, product,
or service. Develops and plans methods of instruction and techniques of demonstrating principles
of home economics, such as food preparation and equipment use, to community and school
groups. Directs and coordinates testing of recipes and development of new uses for equipment or
product. Instructs dealers, sales personnel, and other employees in home management practices
and in operation and care of equipment. Contacts organizations, such as school, professional, and
women's groups, to promote company product and services. Writes articles and plans preparation
of instruction manuals, booklets on product uses, and other consumer publications. Advises on
content and accuracy of sales promotional material, such as newspaper, radio, and television
advertising copy.
096.167-010 DISTRICT EXTENSION SERVICE AGENT (government ser.) alternate titles: extension supervisor; regional extension-service specialist
Directs and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
agricultural or home economics services of agricultural extension program within group of
counties: Determines methods and procedures or services and assigns tasks to workers according
to extension program policies. Examines county methods and procedures to evaluate content and
effectiveness of services within district. Delivers lectures to groups, such as commercial and
community organizations, and directs county extension workers to deliver lectures to publicize
and promote extension services activities. Reviews personnel data and recommends personnel
action, such as hiring and discharging workers and adjusting salaries. Prepares, or assists in
preparing, activity and planning reports and directs county extension workers to prepare reports.
May formulate or assist in formulating budget requests to obtain operating funds. May be
designated according to field of specialization as District Agricultural Agent (government ser.);
District Home Economics Agent (government ser.).
096.167-014 SPECIALIST-IN-CHARGE, EXTENSION SERVICE (government ser.)
Directs and coordinates activities of extension service
specialists and develops educational programs in agriculture and home economics: Plans
procedures and analyzes data for use by extension service specialists. Meets with specialists,
volunteers, and other staff to discuss program problems and to disseminate information
pertaining to practical applications of research findings in specific program areas. Coordinates
activities of specialists to ensure program goals are met. Recruits and hires workers for
specialized extension program services, and plans, organizes, and conducts training programs for
new employees. Prepares activity, planning, and other reports, and maintains service records.
Prepares or assists in preparation of budget requests.
097 OCCUPATIONS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION This group includes occupations concerned with research, administration, and teaching in vocational education.
097.167-010 DIRECTOR, VOCATIONAL TRAINING (education)
Directs and coordinates vocational training programs for
public school system, according to board of education policies and state education code: Confers
with members of industrial and business communities to determine human resource training
needs for apprenticeable and nonapprenticeable occupations. Reviews and interprets federal and
state vocational education codes to ensure that program conforms to legislation. Prepares budget
and funding allocations for vocational programs. Reviews and approves new programs.
Evaluates apprenticeable and nonapprenticeable programs, considering factors, such as selection,
training, and placement of enrollees. Plans and develops joint programs in conjunction with other
members of education staff. Organizes committees to provide technical and advisory assistance
to programs. Coordinates on-the-job training programs with employers, and evaluates progress of
enrollees in conjunction with program contract goals.
097.221-010 INSTRUCTOR, VOCATIONAL TRAINING (education) alternate titles: teacher, vocational training
Teaches vocational training subjects to students in public or
private schools or in industrial plants: Organizes program of practical and technical instruction,
including demonstrations of skills required in trade, and lectures on theory, techniques, and
terminology. Instructs students in subject areas, such as mathematics, science, drawing, use and
maintenance of tools and equipment, codes or regulations related to trade, and safety precautions.
Plans and supervises work of students, individually or in small groups, in shop or laboratory.
Tests and evaluates achievement of student in technical knowledge and trade skills. May be
identified according to trade or theory taught or type of establishment in which training is
conducted, such as plumbing, electronics, or dental assistance. May place students in job
training. May teach students with disabilities. May be required to have certification from state.
097.227-010 INSTRUCTOR, FLYING II (education)
Instructs student pilots in flight procedures and techniques
and in ground school courses: Develops and prepares course outlines, study materials, and
instructional procedures for students enrolled in basic, advanced, or instrument ground school.
Lectures on various subjects, such as aircraft construction, federal aviation regulations, and radio
navigation. Demonstrates operation of various aircraft components and instruments, and
techniques for controlling aircraft during maneuvers, such as taxiing, takeoff, and landing, using
synthetic instrument trainers. Observes student's actions during training flights to ensure
assimilation of classroom instruction and to comply with federal aviation regulations. Tests and
evaluates students' progress, using written and performance tests and oral interviews. May teach
advanced, basic, or instrument courses and be designated Ground Instructor, Advanced
(education); Ground Instructor, Basic (education); Ground Instructor, Instrument (education).
Must be certified by Federal Aviation Administration.
099 OCCUPATIONS IN EDUCATION, N.E.C. This group includes occupations in education, not elsewhere classified, concerned with research, administration, and teaching.
099.117-010 DIRECTOR, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM (education)
Plans, develops, and administers programs to provide
educational opportunities for students: Cooperates with business, civic, and other organizations
to develop curriculums to meet needs and interests of students and community. Interviews and
selects staff members and provides in-service training for teachers. Prepares budget and
determines allocation of funds for staff, supplies and equipment, and facilities. Analyzes data
from questionnaires, interviews, and group discussions to evaluate curriculums, teaching
methods, and community participation in educational and other programs. May direct preparation
of publicity to promote activities, such as personnel recruitment, educational programs or other
services. May specialize in elementary, secondary, adult, or junior college education.
099.117-014 EDUCATION SUPERVISOR, CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION (education)
Plans and administers program of correlated academic,
vocational, and social education in federal, state, or local correctional institution: Prepares
courses of study and training materials designed to aid in rehabilitation process. Observes and
advises instructors on improvements of methods and techniques. Institutes and directs vocational
training programs for development of work habits, skills, and abilities. Conducts followup
studies to evaluate effectiveness of academic and vocational training programs. Correlates
educational programs with recreation program and other activities of institution and with parole
program. Prepares budget requests for education programs, orders school supplies, and prepares
records and reports. May supervise preparation of institutional publications. May be designated
according to type of correctional facility as Education Supervisor, Penal Institution (education);
Education Supervisor, Youth Authority (education).
099.117-018 PRINCIPAL (education)
Directs and coordinates educational, administrative, and
counseling activities of primary or secondary school: Develops and evaluates educational
program to ensure conformance to state and school board standards. Develops and coordinates
educational programs through meetings with staff, review of teachers' activities, and issuance of
directives. Confers with teachers, students, and parents concerning educational and behavioral
problems in school. Establishes and maintains relationships with colleges, community
organizations, and other schools to coordinate educational services. Requisitions and allocates
supplies, equipment, and instructional material as needed. Directs preparation of class schedules,
cumulative records, and attendance reports. Observes and evaluates teacher performance.
Interviews and hires teachers. Walks about school building and property to monitor safety and
security. Plans and monitors school budget. May plan and direct building maintenance. May
develop and administer educational programs for students with mental or physical handicaps.
May be required to have certification from state.
099.117-022 SUPERINTENDENT, SCHOOLS (education)
Directs and coordinates activities concerned with
administration of city, county, or other school system in accordance with board of education
standards: Formulates plans and policies for educational program and submits them to school
board for approval. Administers program for selection of school sites, construction of buildings,
and provision of equipment and supplies. Directs preparation and presentation of school budget
and determines amount of school bond issues required to finance educational program.
Addresses community and civic groups to enlist their support. Interprets program and policies of
school system to school personnel, to individuals and community groups, and to governmental
agencies. Coordinates work of school system with related activities of other school districts and
agencies. May ensure that laws applying to attendance of children at school are enforced. May
supervise examining, appointing, training, and promotion of teaching personnel. May specialize
in areas, such as personnel services, curriculum development, or business administration.
099.117-026 SUPERVISOR, EDUCATION (education)
Develops program curriculum and directs teaching personnel
of school system: Confers with teaching and administrative staff to plan and develop curriculum
designed to meet needs of students. Visits classrooms to observe effectiveness of instructional
methods and material. Evaluates teaching techniques and recommends changes for improving
them. Provides teachers with supplies, equipment, and visual and other instructional aids.
Conducts workshops and conferences for teachers to study new classroom procedures, new
instructional materials, and other aids to teaching. Assists in recruitment and in-service training
of teachers. May be designated according to subject matter field or department administered as
Supervisor, Adult Education (education); Supervisor, Agricultural Education (education);
Supervisor, Elementary Education (education); Supervisor, Home Economics (education);
Supervisor, Industrial Arts Education (education); Supervisor, Modern Languages (education);
Supervisor, Trade And Industrial Education (education).
099.117-030 DIRECTOR, EDUCATION (museums)
Plans, develops, and administers educational program of
museum, zoo, or similar institution: Confers with administrative personnel to decide scope of
program to be offered. Prepares schedules of classes and rough drafts of course content to
determine number and background of instructors needed. Interviews, hires, trains, and evaluates
work performance of education department staff. Contacts and arranges for services of guest
lecturers from academic institutions, industry, and other establishments to augment education
staff members in presentation of classes. Assists instructors in preparation of course descriptions
and informational materials for publicity or distribution to class members. Prepares budget for
education programs and directs maintenance of records of expenditures, receipts, and public and
school participation in programs. Works with other staff members to plan and present lecture
series, film programs, field trips, and other special activities. May teach classes. May speak
before school and community groups and appear on radio or television to promote institution
programs. May coordinate institution educational activities with those of other area organizations
to maximize utilization of resources. May train establishment volunteers to assist in presentation
of classes or tours. May develop and submit program and activity grant proposals and
applications and implement programs funded as result of successful applications.
099.167-010 CERTIFICATION AND SELECTION SPECIALIST (education)
Interviews, examines, and evaluates qualifications of
applicants for teaching positions in public school system, using guidelines established by school
district and state education licensing codes: Reviews and evaluates construction of written
examinations to ensure that questions meet district's testing standards. Confers with other
members of staff in order to coordinate district's teacher recruiting efforts. Reviews transcripts
and interviews candidates to ascertain qualifications for positions within district. Corrects and
scores essay portions of examinations, utilizing knowledge of teaching methods. Authorizes
preparation of paper work assigning teaching candidates to positions. Analyzes reports and
statistical data on criteria used to select, examine, and recruit teaching staff to ensure that
methods conform to predetermined policies, standards, and codes, and recommends procedure
revisions as needed. Informs candidates of employment possibilities within district. May evaluate
qualifications of candidates applying for other certificated positions within district.
099.167-014 CONSULTANT, EDUCATION (education)
Plans and coordinates educational policies for specific subject
area or grade level: Develops programs for in-service education of teaching personnel. Confers
with federal, state, and local school officials to develop curricula and establish guidelines for
educational programs. Confers with lay and professional groups to disseminate and receive input
on teaching methods. Reviews and evaluates curricula for use in schools and assists in adaptation
to local needs. Interprets and enforces provisions of state education codes and rules and
regulations of State Board of Education. Conducts or participates in workshops, committees, and
conferences designed to promote intellectual, social, and physical welfare of students. Studies
and prepares recommendations on instructional materials, teaching aids, and related equipment.
Prepares or approves manuals, guidelines, and reports on state educational policies and practices
for distribution to school districts. Advises school officials on implementation of state and
federal programs and procedures. Conducts research into areas, such as teaching methods and
techniques. May perform tasks at local school district level or as independent consultant in area
of expertise. May be designated as consultant in specific area, such as reading, elementary
education, or audio-visual education.
099.167-018 DIRECTOR, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL (education)
Directs and coordinates preparation, development, and use of
educational material in public school system: Confers with members of various educational
committees and advisory groups to obtain knowledge of subject teaching areas, and to relate
curriculum materials to specific subjects, individual student needs, and occupational areas.
Coordinates activities of workers engaged in cataloging, distributing, and maintaining
educational materials and equipment in curriculum library and laboratory. Reviews educational
materials, such as video tapes, slides, and programmed texts, for educational content, and
recommends acquisition of materials that meet district's standards. Advises staff members in
techniques and methods of developing and evaluating specialized materials and instructional
units. Organizes and implements use of new instructional systems. May train teachers and other
staff in use of materials and equipment.
099.167-022 EDUCATIONAL SPECIALIST (education) alternate titles: director, evaluation and research
Directs research activities concerned with educational
programs and services in school system: Formulates and designs procedures to determine if
program objectives are being met. Develops tests to measure effectiveness of curriculum or
services and to interpret pupil intellectual and social development and group and school progress.
Develops questionnaires and interviews school staff and administrators to obtain information
about curriculum. Evaluates data obtained from study and prepares narrative and statistical
reports for dissemination to school administrators. Formulates recommendations and procedures
for current and proposed units of instruction. Develops in-service training program for staff. May
devise questionnaire to evaluate training program. May specialize in research activities
concerned with elementary, secondary, college, or other specialized educational programs. May
evaluate staff performance. May plan budget.
099.167-026 MUSIC SUPERVISOR (education)
Directs and coordinates activities of teaching personnel
engaged in instructing students in vocal and instrumental music in school system: Consults with
teaching and administrative staff to plan and develop music education curriculum. Observes,
evaluates, and recommends changes in work of teaching staff to strengthen teaching skills in
classroom. Analyzes music education program to evaluate instructional methods and materials.
Orders instructional materials, supplies, equipment, and visual aids designed to meet training
needs of students. Authorizes purchase of musical instruments for school system. Inspects and
authorizes repair of instruments. Establishes interschool orchestra, band, and choral group to
represent schools at civic and community events.
099.167-030 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE COORDINATOR (museums)
Directs operation of educational resource center of museum,
zoo, or similar establishment: Maintains collections of slides, video tapes, programmed texts, and
other educational materials related to institution specialty, storing or filing materials according to
subject matter, geographic or ethnic association, or historical period. Composes or directs others
in composition of descriptions of materials, and prepares catalog listing materials for use of
museum staff members, area school teachers, and others. Compiles list of books, periodicals, and
other materials designed to augment items available in resource center. Explains storage and
cataloging systems to teachers and others who visit center and suggests materials for various
projects, such as preparing school classes for tour of institution or presentation of lecture for
community group. Issues loan materials to teachers or lecturer, or schedules and coordinates
delivery of materials to designated locations. Maintains records of loans and prepares circulation
reports for review by administrative personnel. Conducts workshops to acquaint educators with
use of institution's facilities and materials. Attends teacher meetings and conventions to promote
use of institution services.
099.167-034 DIRECTOR OF PUPIL PERSONNEL PROGRAM (education)
Directs pupil information data system program in support of
educational services, in accordance with governmental laws and regulations for school district:
Develops and maintains compliance program to meet legal requirements concerning students
rights to privacy and due process of law in accordance to applicable laws and regulations. Directs
and coordinates activities of clerical staff engaged in compiling, maintaining, and releasing pupil
records and information. Confers with staff and reviews records management system to
recommend changes to improve system, utilizing knowledge of filing methods and coding
system, equipment, legal problems, and Board of Education requirements. Provides in-service
training on topics, such as legal requirements concerning pupil records and information and to
improve quality of report writing. Prepares departmental budget, records, and reports.
099.223-010 INSTRUCTOR, DRIVING (education)
Instructs individuals and groups in theory and application of
automobile driving skills: Demonstrates and explains handling of automobile in emergencies,
driving techniques, and mechanical operation of automobile, using blackboard diagrams,
audiovisual aids, and driving simulators. Observes individual's driving habits and reactions under
various driving conditions to ensure conformance with vehicle operational standards and state
vehicle code. May test hearing and vision of individuals, using lettered charts and colored lights.
May teach motor vehicle regulations and insurance laws. May teach operation of vehicles other
than automobile and be identified according to type of vehicle.
099.224-010 INSTRUCTOR, PHYSICAL EDUCATION (education) alternate titles: teacher, physical education
Instructs students in physical education activities in
educational institution: Plans physical education program to promote development of student's
physical attributes and social skills. Teaches individual and team sports to students, utilizing
knowledge of sports techniques and of physical capabilities of students. Organizes, leads,
instructs, and referees indoor and outdoor games, such as volleyball, baseball, and basketball.
Instructs individuals or groups in beginning or advanced calisthenics, gymnastics, or corrective
exercises, determining type and level of difficulty of exercises, corrections needed, and
prescribed movements, applying knowledge of sports, physiology, and corrective techniques.
Teaches and demonstrates use of gymnastic and training apparatus, such as trampolines and
weights. Confers with students, parents, and school counselor to resolve student problem. May
select, store, order, issue, and inventory equipment, materials, and supplies used in physical
education program. May specialize in instructing specific sport, such as tennis, swimming, or
basketball. May teach students with disabilities. May be required to have certification from state.
099.224-014 TEACHER, ADVENTURE EDUCATION (education)
Instructs and leads students in variety of stressful and
challenging activities, such as rock climbing, canoeing, spelunking, and skiing to build student
confidence and promote physical, mental, and social development: Appraises students' tolerance
to stress and selects and structures learning environment that provides for success in activities
appropriate to maturity, interests, and abilities of students. Demonstrates basic skills, safety
precautions, and other techniques to prepare students for activities. Arranges for provisions, such
as transportation, food, and equipment. Teaches camping and related outdoor skills to students,
staff, and volunteers.
099.227-010 CHILDREN'S TUTOR (domestic ser.)
Cares for children in private home, overseeing their
recreation, diet, health, and deportment: Teaches children foreign languages, and good health and
personal habits. Arranges parties, outings, and picnics for children. Takes disciplinary measures
to control children's behavior. Ascertains cause of behavior problems of children and devises
means for solving them. When duties are confined to care of young children may be designated
Children's Tutor, Nursery (domestic ser.).
099.227-014 INSTRUCTOR, CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL (education)
Plans course of study for students enrolled in correspondence
courses to obtain high school, college, or other specialized subject area instruction: Reviews
enrollment applications and oversees mailing of course materials to students. Corrects, grades,
and comments on lesson assignments submitted by students. Corresponds with students to
answer questions pertaining to course.
099.227-018 INSTRUCTOR, GROUND SERVICES (air trans.)
Conducts classroom instruction, on-the-job training, and
orientation sessions for new and experienced ground personnel on various subjects, such as
aircraft and station familiarization, company policies and procedures, and specific job duties:
Develops and prepares course outlines, instructional procedures, and study materials for
nontechnical occupations in such areas as airfreight, customer services load planning, ramp
services, reservations, and ticketing. Presents course material through use of audiovisual aids,
classroom lectures, on-the-job training, and printed handouts. Tests student's progress, using oral
interviews, written examinations, and performance tests to ascertain comprehension of subject
matter. Prepares reports of attendance, grades, and training activities. Keeps records of training
accomplishments and confers with supervisory personnel regarding training needs. Conducts
recurrent on-the-job training or classroom instruction to acquaint experienced workers with
changing procedures or with use of new equipment. Coordinates training activities with local
station manager. May conduct special training programs in company and industry procedures,
regulations, rules, and techniques relating to passenger travel for workers employed by travel
agencies.
099.227-022 INSTRUCTOR, MILITARY SCIENCE (education)
Teaches military subjects, such as employment and
deployment of weapons systems, military aspects of geopolitics, and defense concepts in public
and private secondary schools and colleges and universities offering Reserve Officers' Training
program. Specializes in teaching subjects concerned with particular branch of military tactics,
such as aerospace science, naval science, or military science.
099.227-026 INSTRUCTOR, MODELING (education)
Instructs individuals and groups in techniques and methods of
self-improvement, utilizing principles of modeling, such as visual poise, wardrobe coordination,
and cosmetic application: Analyzes appearance of individual to determine self-improvement
considering factors, such as figure, complexion, and body posture. Explains and demonstrates
methods and techniques of self-improvement. Observes student, such as ascending and
descending stairs, walking, and in cosmetic application sessions to ensure conformance to
classroom instruction. Instructs students in selecting and coordinating wardrobe.
099.227-030 TEACHER, ADULT EDUCATION (education)
Instructs out-of-school youths and adults in academic and
nonacademic courses in public or private schools or other organizations: Prepares outline of
instructional program and studies and assembles material to be presented. Presents lectures and
discussions to group to increase students' knowledge or vocational competence. Tests and grades
students on achievement in class. Teaches courses, such as citizenship, fine arts, and
homemaking, to enrich students' cultural and academic backgrounds. Conducts workshops and
demonstrations to teach such skills as driving, sports, and dancing, or to provide training for
parenthood. May teach basic courses in American history, principles, ideas, and customs and in
English to foreign-born and be designated Teacher, Citizenship (education).
099.227-034 TUTOR (education)
Teaches academic subjects, such as English, mathematics,
and foreign languages to pupils requiring private instruction, adapting curriculum to meet
individual's needs. May teach in pupil's home.
099.227-038 TEACHER (museums)
Teaches classes, presents lectures, conducts workshops, and
participates in other activities to further educational program of museum, zoo, or similar
institution: Plans course content and method of presentation, and prepares outline of material to
be covered and submits it for approval. Selects and assembles materials to be used in teaching
assignment, such as pieces of pottery or samples of plant life, and arranges use of audiovisual
equipment or other teaching aids. Conducts classes for children in various scientific, history, or
art subjects, utilizing museum displays to augment standard teaching methods and adapting
course content and complexity to ages and interests of students. Teaches adult classes in such
subjects as art, history, astronomy, or horticulture, using audiovisual aids, demonstration, or
laboratory techniques appropriate to subject matter. Presents series of lectures on subjects related
to institution collections, often incorporating films or slides into presentation. Conducts seminars
or workshops for school system teachers or lay persons to demonstrate methods of using
institution facilities and collections to enhance school programs or to enrich other activities.
Conducts workshops or field trips for students or community groups and plans and directs
activities associated with projects. Plans and presents vacation or weekend programs for
elementary or preschool children, combining recreational activities with teaching methods geared
to age groups. Conducts classes for academic credit in cooperation with area schools or
universities. Teaches courses in museum work to participants in work-study programs. Works
with adult leaders of youth groups to assist youths to earn merit badges or fulfill other group
requirements. Maintains records of attendance. Evaluates success of courses, basing evaluation
on number and enthusiasm of persons participating and recommends retaining or dropping
course in future plans. When course is offered for academic credit, evaluates class member
performances, administers tests, and issues grades in accordance with methods used by
cooperating educational institution.
099.227-042 TEACHER, RESOURCE (education)
Teaches basic academic subjects to students requiring
remedial work, using special help programs to improve scholastic level: Teaches basic subjects,
such as reading and math, applying lesson techniques designed for short attention spans.
Administers achievement tests and evaluates test results to discover level of language and math
skills. Selects and teaches reading material and math problems related to everyday life of
individual student. Confers with school counselors and teaching staff to obtain additional testing
information and to gain insight on student behavioral disorders affecting learning process.
Designs special help programs for low achievers and encourages parent-teacher cooperation.
Attends professional meetings, writes reports, and maintains records.
099.327-010 TEACHER AIDE I (education) alternate titles: teacher assistant
Performs any combination of following instructional tasks in
classroom to assist teaching staff of public or private elementary or secondary school: Discusses
assigned teaching area with classroom teacher to coordinate instructional efforts. Prepares lesson
outline and plan in assigned area and submits outline to teacher for review. Plans, prepares, and
develops various teaching aids, such as bibliographies, charts, and graphs. Presents subject
matter to students, utilizing variety of methods and techniques, such as lecture, discussion, and
supervised role playing. Prepares, administers, and grades examinations. Assists students,
individually or in groups, with lesson assignments to present or reinforce learning concepts.
Confers with parents on progress of students. May specialize in single subject area. May be
required to have completed specified number of college education credits.
10 OCCUPATIONS IN MUSEUM, LIBRARY, AND ARCHIVAL SCIENCES This division includes occupations concerned with library and archival sciences, including public and private libraries and archives, and with maintaining museums, galleries, and related exhibits.
100 LIBRARIANS This group includes occupations concerned with administering libraries and performing related library services. Includes selecting, acquiring, cataloging, classifying, circulating, and maintaining library materials; furnishing reference, bibliographical, and reader's advisory services.
100.117-010 LIBRARY DIRECTOR (library) alternate titles: librarian, head
Plans and administers program of library services: Submits
recommendations on library policies and services to governing body, such as board of directors
or board of trustees, and implements policy decisions. Analyzes, selects, and executes
recommendations of personnel, such as department chiefs or branch supervisors. Coordinates
activities of branch or departmental libraries. Analyzes and coordinates departmental budget
estimates and controls expenditures to administer approved budget. Reviews and evaluates orders
for books and audiovisual materials. Examines trade publications and materials, interviews
publishers' representatives, and consults with others to select materials. Administers personnel
regulations, interviews and appoints job applicants, rates staff performance, and promotes and
discharges employees. Plans and conducts staff meetings and participates in community and
professional meetings to discuss and act on library problems. Delivers book reviews and lectures
to publicize library activities and services. Provides library public relations services. May
examine and select materials to be discarded, repaired, or replaced. May be designated according
to governmental subdivision served as City-Library Director (library); County-Library Director
(library).
100.117-014 LIBRARY CONSULTANT (library)
Advises administrators of public libraries: Analyzes
administrative policies, observes work procedures, and reviews data relative to book collections
to determine effectiveness of library service to public. Compares allocations for building funds,
salaries, and book collections with statewide and national standards, to determine effectiveness
of fiscal operations. Gathers statistical data, such as population and community growth rates, and
analyzes building plans to determine adequacy of programs for expansion. Prepares evaluation of
library systems based on observations and surveys, and recommends measures to improve
organization and administration of systems.
100.127-010 CHIEF LIBRARIAN, BRANCH OR DEPARTMENT (library) alternate titles: principal librarian; senior librarian; supervising librarian
Coordinates activities of library branch or department, and
assists patrons in selection and location of books, audiovisual materials, and other materials:
Trains and directs workers in performance of such tasks as receiving, shelving, and locating
materials. Examines book reviews, publishers' catalogs, and other information sources to
recommend material acquisition. Searches catalog files, biographical dictionaries, and indexes,
and examines content of reference materials to assist patrons in locating and selecting materials.
May assemble and arrange materials for display. May prepare replies to mail requests for
information. May be designated according to type of library as Chief Librarian, Branch (library);
or according to department as Chief Librarian, Circulation Department (library); Chief Librarian,
Extension Department (library); Chief Librarian, General Reference Department (library); Chief
Librarian, Music Department (library); Chief Librarian, Periodical Reading Room (library);
Chief Librarian, Readers' Advisory Service (library); Chief Librarian, Work With Blind (library).
100.127-014 LIBRARIAN (library)
Maintains library collections of books, serial publications,
documents, audiovisual, and other materials, and assists groups and individuals in locating and
obtaining materials: Furnishes information on library activities, facilities, rules, and services.
Explains and assists in use of reference sources, such as card or book catalog or book and
periodical indexes to locate information. Describes or demonstrates procedures for searching
catalog files. Searches catalog files and shelves to locate information. Issues and receives
materials for circulation or for use in library. Assembles and arranges displays of books and other
library materials. Maintains reference and circulation materials. Answers correspondence on
special reference subjects. May compile list of library materials according to subject or interests,
using computer. May select, order, catalog, and classify materials . May prepare or assist in
preparation of budget. May plan and direct or carry out special projects involving library
promotion and outreach activity and be designated Outreach Librarian (library). May be
designated according to specialized function as Circulation Librarian (library);
Readers'-Advisory-Service Librarian (library); or Reference Librarian (library).
100.167-010 AUDIOVISUAL LIBRARIAN (library) alternate titles: film librarian; recordings librarian
Plans audiovisual programs and administers library of film
and other audiovisual materials: Assists patrons in selection of materials, utilizing knowledge of
collections. Advises other library personnel on audiovisual materials and appropriate selection
for particular needs and uses. Establishes and maintains contact with major film distributors and
resources for procurement of tapes and cassettes. Evaluates materials, considering their technical,
informational, and aesthetic qualities, and selects materials for library collections. Prepares
summaries of acquisitions for catalog. Prepares and arranges audiovisual programs for
presentation to groups and may lead discussions after film showings. Advises those planning
audiovisual programs on technical problems, such as acoustics, lighting, and program content.
Evaluates audiovisual equipment and gives advice in selection of equipment, considering factors,
such as intended use, quality, and price. May advise in planning and layout of physical facilities
for audiovisual services. May operate film projectors, splicers, rewinders, film inspection
equipment, and tape and record playing equipment. May train personnel in operation and
maintenance of audiovisual equipment. May select, procure, and maintain framed art prints
collection.
100.167-014 BOOKMOBILE LIBRARIAN (library)
Provides library services from mobile library within given
geographical area: Surveys needs and selects books and materials for library. Publicizes visits to
area to stimulate reading interest. May prepare special collections for schools and other groups.
May arrange bookmobile schedule. May drive bookmobile.
100.167-018 CHILDREN'S LIBRARIAN (library)
Manages library program for children: Selects books and
audiovisual materials of interest to children to be acquired by library. Assists children in
selecting and locating library materials. Plans and conducts programs for children to encourage
reading, viewing, and listening and use of library materials and facilities. Confers with teachers,
parents, and community groups to assist in developing programs to encourage and improve
children's communication skills. Compiles lists of materials of interest to children. Activities
may include story telling, book talks, puppet shows, and film and multimedia programs.
100.167-022 INSTITUTION LIBRARIAN (library) alternate titles: hospital librarian; patient's librarian; prison librarian
Plans and directs library program for residents and staff of
extended care facilities, such as mental institutions, correctional institutions, or institutions for
physically handicapped or mentally retarded: Develops library policies and programs and
prepares operational budgets. Selects, acquires, and organizes library materials for convenient
access. Provides readers' advisory services on basis of knowledge of current reviews and
bibliographies. Reviews requests, and selects books and other library materials according to
mental state, educational background, and special needs of residents. Assembles book reviews
for institution's bulletins or newspapers, and circulates reviews among residents. Provides
handicapped or bedridden residents with reading aids, such as prism glasses, page turners,
bookstands, or talking books, and with phonograph records.
100.167-026 LIBRARIAN, SPECIAL LIBRARY (library)
Manages library or section containing specialized materials
for industrial, commercial, or governmental organizations, or for such institutions as schools and
hospitals: Selects, orders, catalogs, and classifies special collections of technical books,
manufacturers' catalogs and specifications, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, audio-visual
material, microforms, journal reprints, and other materials. Searches literature, compiles
accession lists, and annotates or abstracts materials. Assists patrons in research problems. May
key information into computer to store or search for selected material. May translate or order
translation of materials from foreign languages into English. May train other workers engaged in
cataloguing, locating, filing, or copying selected material. May be designated according to
subject matter, specialty or library, or department as Art Librarian (library); Business Librarian
(library); Engineering Librarian (library); Law Librarian (library); Map Librarian (library);
Medical Librarian (library).
100.167-030 MEDIA SPECIALIST, SCHOOL LIBRARY (library) alternate titles: librarian, school; media center director, school
Assesses and meets needs of students and faculty for
information, and develops programs to stimulate students' interests in reading and use of types of
resources: Selects and organizes books, films, tapes, records, and other materials and equipment.
Suggests appropriate books to students for classroom assignments and personal readings. Plans
and carries out program of instruction in use by school library media center. Prepares and
administers budget for media center. Confers with faculty to provide materials for classroom
instruction. Confers with parents, faculty, public librarians, and community organizations to
develop programs to enrich students' communications skills. Reviews records to compile lists of
overdue materials and notifies borrowers to arrange for their return.
100.167-034 YOUNG-ADULT LIBRARIAN (library)
Plans and conducts library program to provide special
services for young adults: Selects books and audiovisual materials of interest to young adults to
be acquired by library. Assists young adults in selecting materials. Plans and organizes young
adult activities, such as film programs, chess clubs, creative writing clubs, and photography
contests. Delivers talks on books to stimulate reading. Compiles lists of library materials of
interest to young adults. Confers with parents, teachers, and community organizations to assist in
developing programs to stimulate reading and develop communication skills.
100.167-038 NEWS LIBRARIAN (library) alternate titles: news information resource manager; news library director; newspaper library manager
Manages information resources library stored in files, on tape
or microfilm, or in computers for use by news and editorial staff in publishing establishments,
such as newspaper and magazine publishers, and in broadcasting establishments, such as radio
and television stations: Directs activities of workers engaged in clipping, classifying, cataloging,
indexing, storing, editing, and retrieving library information, or performs these activities as
needed. Researches, retrieves, and disseminates information in resource library or commercial
data bases in response to requests from news or editorial staff, using knowledge of classification
system or computer data base. Maintains records and statistics on use of data bases and
information services provided. May manage in-house data base of news information, assign
classification terms to news articles, input news articles into data base, and research news
information in in-house data base. May develop data bases for data storage and retrieval,
according to needs of news staff. May hire, train, schedule, and evaluate library staff. May
prepare library budgets. May promote and market library products and services to public. May
coordinate activities of library with activities of other departments. May select and purchase
reference books for library collection. May manage graphics library, assign classification terms
to graphics, and research graphics and be designated Photo-Graphics Librarian (library).
100.267-010 ACQUISITIONS LIBRARIAN (library)
Selects and orders books, periodicals, films, and other
materials for library: Reviews publishers' announcements and catalogs, and compiles list of
publications to be purchased. Compares selections with card catalog and orders-in-process to
avoid duplication. Circulates selection lists to branches and departments for comments. Selects
vendors on basis of such factors as discount allowance and delivery dates. Compiles statistics on
purchases, such as total purchases, average price, and fund allocations. May recommend
acquisition of materials from individuals or organizations or by exchange with other libraries.
100.267-014 LIBRARIAN, SPECIAL COLLECTIONS (library)
Collects and organizes books, pamphlets, manuscripts, and
other materials on select subjects to be used for research: Organizes collections according to field
of interest. Examines reference works and consults specialists preparatory to selecting materials
for collections. Compiles bibliographies. Appraises books, using references, such as
bibliographies, book auction records, and special catalogs on incunabula (printing prior to 1500).
Publishes papers and bibliographies on special collections to notify scholars of available
materials. Lectures on booklore, such as history of printing, bindings, and illuminations. May
plan and arrange displays for library exhibits. May index and reproduce materials for sale to
other libraries.
100.367-010 BIBLIOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Compiles lists of books, periodical articles, and audiovisual
materials, on specialized subjects. Annotates bibliographies with physical description and
analysis of subject content of materials. Recommends acquisition of materials in specialized
subject.
100.367-014 CLASSIFIER (library)
Classifies library materials, such as books, audiovisual
materials, and periodicals, according to subject matter: Reviews materials to be classified and
searches information sources, such as book reviews, encyclopedias, and technical publications to
determine subject matter of materials. Selects classification numbers and descriptive headings
according to Dewey Decimal, Library of Congress, or other classification systems. Makes
sample cards containing author, title, and classification number to guide CATALOG
LIBRARIAN (library) in preparing catalog cards for books and periodicals. Assigns
classification numbers, descriptive headings, and explanatory summaries to book and catalog
cards to facilitate locating and obtaining materials. Composes annotations (explanatory
summaries) of material content.
100.367-018 LIBRARY TECHNICAL ASSISTANT (library) alternate titles: library assistant; library technician
Provides information service, such as answering questions
regarding card catalogs, and assists public in use of bibliographic tools, such as Library of
Congress catalog: Performs routine descriptive cataloging, such as fiction and children's
literature. Files cards in catalog drawers according to system used. Answers routine inquiries,
and refers persons requiring professional assistance to LIBRARIAN (library). Verifies
bibliographic information on order requests. Directs activities of workers in maintenance of
stacks or in section of department or division, such as ordering or receiving section of
acquisitions department, card preparation activities in catalog department, or limited loan or
reserve desk operation of circulation department.
100.367-022 MUSIC LIBRARIAN (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: librarian; music director
Classifies and files musical recordings, sheet music, original
arrangements, and scores for individual instruments. Selects music for subject matter of program
or for specific visual or spoken action. Suggests musical selections to DIRECTOR, MUSIC
(motion picture; radio-tv broad.) 152.047-018 or DIRECTOR, PROGRAM (radio-tv broad.)
184.167-030 or DISK JOCKEY (radio-tv broad.) 159.147-014. May issue required music to
CONDUCTOR, ORCHESTRA (profess. & kin.) 152.047-014, or other studio personnel. May
track musical selections broadcasted, using computer. May listen to music, using playback
equipment, to verify quality of recordings meet broadcast standards.
100.367-026 MUSIC LIBRARIAN, INTERNATIONAL BROADCAST (radio-tv broad.)
Maintains script archive and music library used for preparing
programs for foreign broadcast, utilizing knowledge of foreign languages and of listening tastes
of people of foreign countries. Compiles statistical and financial library reports.
100.387-010 CATALOG LIBRARIAN (library) alternate titles: cataloger; descriptive catalog librarian
Compiles information on library materials, such as books and
periodicals, and prepares catalog cards to identify materials and to integrate information into
library catalog: Verifies author, title, and classification number on sample catalog card received
from CLASSIFIER (library) against corresponding data on title page. Fills in additional
information, such as publisher, date of publication, and edition. Examines material and notes
additional information, such as bibliographies, illustrations, maps, and appendices. Copies
classification number from sample card into library material for identification. Files cards into
assigned sections of catalog. Tabulates number of sample cards according to quantity of material
and catalog subject headings to determine amount of new cards to be ordered or reproduced.
Prepares inventory card to record purchase information and location of library material.
Requisitions additional cards. Records new information, such as death date of author and revised
edition date, to amend cataloged cards. May supervise activities of other workers in unit.
101 ARCHIVISTS This group includes occupations concerned with collecting, evaluating, systemizing, preserving, and making available for reference public records and documents of historical significance.
101.167-010 ARCHIVIST (profess. & kin.)
Appraises and edits permanent records and historically
valuable documents, participates in research activities based on archival materials, and directs
safekeeping of archival documents and materials: Analyzes documents, such as government
records, minutes of corporate board meetings, letters from famous persons, and charters of
nonprofit foundations, by ascertaining date of writing, author, or original recipient of letter, to
appraise value to posterity or to employing organization. Directs activities of workers engaged in
cataloging and safekeeping of valuable materials and directs disposition of worthless materials.
Prepares or directs preparation of document descriptions and reference aids for use of archives,
such as accession lists, indexes, guides, bibliographies, abstracts, and microfilmed copies of
documents. Directs filing and cross indexing of selected documents in alphabetical and
chronological order. Advises government agencies, scholars, journalists, and others conducting
research by supplying available materials and information according to familiarity with archives
and with political, economic, military, and social history of period. Requests or recommends
pertinent materials available in libraries, private collections, or other archives. Selects and edits
documents for publication and display, according to knowledge of subject, literary or journalistic
expression, and techniques for presentation and display. May be designated according to subject
matter specialty as Archivist, Economic History (profess. & kin.); Archivist, Military History
(profess. & kin.); Archivist, Political History (profess. & kin.); or according to nature of
employing institution as Archivist, Nonprofit Foundation (nonprofit organ.). In smaller
organizations, may direct activities of libraries.
102 MUSEUM CURATORS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with administering museums, art galleries, arboreta, historical sites, and botanical and zoological gardens, and performing related services. Includes activities in collecting, authenticating, preserving, maintaining, exhibiting, researching, and furnishing information on collections of historical, artistic, scientific, or technological significance or of general public interest.
102.017-010 CURATOR (museums)
Directs and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
operating exhibiting institution, such as museum, botanical garden, arboretum, art gallery,
herbarium, or zoo: Directs activities concerned with instructional, acquisition, exhibitory,
safekeeping, research, and public service objectives of institution. Assists in formulating and
interpreting administrative policies of institution. Formulates plans for special research projects.
Oversees curatorial, personnel, fiscal, technical, research, and clerical staff. Administers affairs
of institution by corresponding and negotiating with administrators of other institutions to obtain
exchange of loan collections or to exchange information or data, maintaining inventories,
preparing budget, representing institution at scientific or association conferences, soliciting
support for institution, and interviewing and hiring personnel. Obtains, develops, and organizes
new collections to expand and improve educational and research facilities. Writes articles for
publication in scientific journals. Consults with board of directors and professional personnel to
plan and implement acquisitional, research, display and public service activities of institution.
May participate in research activities. May be designated according to field of specialization as
Curator, Art Gallery (museums); Curator, Herbarium (museums); Curator, Horticultural Museum
(museums); Curator, Medical Museum (museums); Curator, Natural History Museum
(museums); Curator, Zoological Museum (museums); Director, Industrial Museum (museums).
102.117-010 SUPERVISOR, HISTORIC SITES (government ser.)
Directs and coordinates activities of personnel engaged in
investigating, acquiring, marking, improving, and preserving historic sites and natural
phenomena in conformity with state policy. Authorizes acquisition and improvement of sites,
such as historic homes and battlefields, within allocated budget. Recommends appropriation of
additional funds where necessary to purchase or restore landmarks. Negotiates with
representatives of local governments, philanthropic organizations, and other interested groups to
acquire properties. Provides information and encouragement to private individuals or civic
groups attempting to acquire and maintain landmarks not considered feasible for state
acquisition. Directs or participates in archeological research efforts in state parks. Directs design,
preparation, and installation of museum exhibits and historical markers. Directs workers engaged
in preparation of brochures, exhibits, maps, photographs, and similar materials to stimulate
public interest in visiting sites. Serves as custodian of historic documents acquired during
research efforts.
102.117-014 DIRECTOR, MUSEUM-OR-ZOO (museums)
Administers affairs of museum, zoo, or similar establishment:
Confers with institution's board of directors to formulate policies and plan overall operations.
Directs acquisition, education, research, public service, and development activities of institution,
consulting with curatorial, administrative, and maintenance staff members to implement policies
and initiate programs. Works with members of curatorial and administrative staffs to acquire
additions to collections. Confers with administrative staff members to determine budget
requirements, plan fund raising drives, prepare applications for grants from government agencies
or private foundations, and solicit financial support for institution. Establishes and maintains
contact with administrators of other institutions to exchange information concerning operations
and plan, coordinate, or consolidate community service and education programs. Represents
institution at professional and civic social events, conventions, and other gatherings to strengthen
relationships with cultural and civic leaders, present lectures or participate in seminars, or
explain institution's functions and seek financial support for projects. Reviews materials prepared
by staff members, such as articles for journals, requests for grants, and reports on institution
programs, and approves materials or suggests changes. Instructs classes in institution's education
program or as guest lecturer at university. Writes articles for technical journals or other
publications.
102.167-010 ART CONSERVATOR (museums)
Coordinates activities of subordinates engaged in
examination, repair, and conservation of art objects: Examines art objects to determine condition,
need for repair, method of preservation, and authenticity, using x rays, radiographs, and special
lights. Directs curatorial and technical staffs on handling, mounting, care, and storage of art
objects. Estimates cost of restoration work.
102.167-014 HISTORIC-SITE ADMINISTRATOR (museums)
Manages operation of historic structure or site: Discusses
house or site operation with governing body representatives to form or change policies. Oversees
activities of building and grounds maintenance staff and other employees. Maintains roster of
volunteer guides, and contacts volunteers to conduct tours of premises according to schedule.
Conducts tours, explaining points of interest and answers visitors' questions. Studies documents,
books, and other materials to obtain information concerning history of site or structure. Conducts
classes in tour presentation methods for volunteer guides. Accepts group reservations for house
tours and special social events. Arranges for refreshments, entertainment, and decorations for
special events. Collects admission and special event fees, and maintains records of receipts,
expenses, and numbers of persons served. Assists in planning publicity, and arranges for printing
of brochures or placement of information in media. Inspects premises for evidence of
deterioration and need for repair, and notifies governing body of such need.
102.167-018 REGISTRAR, MUSEUM (museums)
Maintains records of accession, condition, and location of
objects in museum collection, and oversees movement, packing, and shipping of objects to
conform to insurance regulations: Observes unpacking of objects acquired by museum through
gift, purchase, or loan to determine that damage or deterioration to objects has not occurred.
Registers and assigns accession and catalog numbers to all objects in collection, according to
established registration system. Composes concise description of objects, and records
descriptions on file cards and in collection catalogs. Oversees handling, packing, movement, and
inspection of all objects entering or leaving establishment, including traveling exhibits, and
confers with other personnel to develop and initiate most practical methods of packing and
shipping fragile or valuable objects. Maintains records of storage, exhibit, and loan locations of
all objects in collection for use of establishment personnel, insurance representatives, and other
persons utilizing facilities. Prepares acquisition reports for review of curatorial and
administrative staff. Periodically reviews and evaluates registration and catalog system to
maintain applicability, consistency, and operation. Recommends changes in recordkeeping
procedures to achieve maximum accessibility to and efficient retrieval of collection objects.
Arranges for insurance of objects on loan or special exhibition, or recommends insurance
coverage on parts of or entire collection.
102.261-010 CONSERVATION TECHNICIAN (museums)
Repairs and cleans art objects, such as pottery, statuary,
etchings, or tapestries, to restore art objects' natural appearance: Studies descriptive information
on object or conducts standard chemical and physical tests to determine such factors as age,
composition, and original appearance, and plans methods or procedures for restoring object.
Cleans object or broken pieces, using such methods as scraping and applying solvents to metal
objects; washing statuary, using soap solutions; or cleaning and polishing furniture and silver
objects. Repairs objects, using glue or solder, to assemble broken pieces, buffing assembled
object where repaired, or repainting faded or incomplete designs with paint of same chemical
composition and color in order to restore original appearance. Notifies superior when problem of
restoration requires outside experts. Fabricates or repairs picture frames for paintings, using
handtools and power tools and machines. Mounts pictures in frames.
102.261-014 PAINTINGS RESTORER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: paintings conservator
Restores damaged and faded paintings and preserves
paintings, using techniques based on knowledge of art and art materials: Examines surfaces of
painting, using magnifying device, and performs tests to determine factors, such as age, structure,
pigment stability, and probable reaction to various cleaning agents and solvents. Removes
painting from frame. Applies select solvents and cleaning agents and uses predetermined method
to clean surface of painting and remove accretions, discolorations, and deteriorated varnish.
Stretches new linen backing, applies paste material to back of painting, and laminates parts
together, using laminating press. Dries laminated painting under controlled conditions to prevent
shrinkage. Applies beeswax or other substance to damaged or faded areas where restoration is
needed. Studies style, techniques, colors, textures, and materials used by artist to maintain
consistency in reconstruction or retouching procedures. Reconstructs or retouches damaged areas
and blends area into adjacent areas to restore painting to original condition. Applies varnish or
other preservative to surface of painting and dries under controlled conditions. May remove paint
layer from backing and remount on canvas, wood, or metal support using pressure and special
adhesives. May apply neutral color powder to damaged areas to restore areas.
102.361-010 RESTORER, LACE AND TEXTILES (museums)
Restores and prepares ancient textile and lace materials for
display in textile museum: Cleans fabric, using cleaning compounds and techniques based on
historical knowledge of fabric manufacture and effect of cleaning upon fabric. Develops new
cleaning compounds and methods when available means are inadequate or tend to harm fabric.
Repairs and reweaves worn, torn, and decayed fabrics, using techniques based on knowledge of
weaving and lace methods. Mounts fabric in frame or other suitable background.
102.361-014 RESTORER, CERAMIC (museums)
Cleans, preserves, restores, and repairs objects made of glass,
porcelain, china, fired clay, and other ceramic materials: Coats excavated objects with
surface-active agents to loosen adhering mud or clay and washes objects with clear water. Places
cleaned objects in dilute hydrochloric acid or other solution to remove remaining deposits of
lime or chalk, basing choice of solution on knowledge of physical and chemical structure of
objects and destructive qualities of solvents. Cleans glass, porcelain, or similar objects by such
methods as soaking objects in lukewarm water with ammonia added, wiping gilded or enameled
objects with solvent-saturated swab, or rubbing objects with paste cleanser. Rubs objects with
jewelers' rouge or other mild cleanser, soaks objects in distilled water with bleach or solvent
added, or applies paste or liquid solvent, such as magnesium silicate or acetone, basing choice of
method and material on age, condition, and chemical structure of objects, to remove stains from
objects. Recommends preservation measures, such as control of temperature, humidity, and
exposure to light, to curatorial and building maintenance staff to prevent damage to or
deterioration of object. Impregnates surfaces with diluted synthetic lacquers to reduce porosity of
material to increase durability of ancient earthenware. Restores or simulates original appearance
of objects by such methods as polishing surfaces to restore translucency, removing crackled
glaze and applying soluble synthetic coating, grinding or cutting out chipped edges and
repolishing surfaces, or applying matt paints, gold leaf, or other coating to object, basing
methods and materials used on knowledge of original craft and condition of objects. Repairs
broken objects, employing such techniques as bonding edges together with adhesive, inserting
dowel pins in sections and cementing together, or affixing adhesive coated strips to inner
portions of broken objects. Replaces missing sections of objects by constructing wire frames of
missing sections, shaping plasticene or other materials over frames, affixing modeled sections to
objects with dowels or adhesive, and painting attached sections to reproduce original appearance.
Constructs replicas of archaeological artifacts or historically significant ceramic ware, basing
construction design on size, curvature, and thickness of excavated shards or pieces of objects
available and knowledge of techniques and designs characteristic of period.
102.367-010 FINE ARTS PACKER (museums) alternate titles: art preparator
Specifies types of packing materials, crating, containerization,
and special handling procedures for shipping or storing art objects, scientific specimens, and
historical artifacts to minimize damage and deterioration: Confers with curatorial personnel
regarding status of museum projects and proposed shipping or transfer dates of exhibitions.
Develops methods and procedures for packing or containerization of art objects, according to
weight and characteristics of shipment. Selects protective or preservative materials, such as
excelsior, chemical agents, or moistureproof wrapping, to protect shipment against vibration,
moisture, impact, or other hazards. Designs special crates, modules, brackets, and traveling
frames to meet insurance and museum shipping specifications. Shapes and contours internal
support modules, based on size and type of paintings, sculptures, bronzes, glass, and other art
objects. Directs workers engaged in moving art objects from receiving or storage areas to
galleries of museum, in packing shipments, or in rigging sculptures for installation of exhibition.
Inspects incoming shipment to detect damages for insurance purposes. Keeps records and
documents of incoming and outgoing shipments, or location of traveling exhibitions and loan
materials. Prepares and attaches written or pictorial instructions for unpacking, storage, or for
exhibition of contents of shipment. May specify type of carrier, such as barge, train, or
messenger according to cost considerations and nature of shipment.
102.381-010 MUSEUM TECHNICIAN (museums) alternate titles: museum preparator
Prepares specimens for museum collections and exhibits:
Cleans rock matrix from fossil specimens, using electric drills, awls, dental tools, chisels, and
mallets. Brushes preservatives, such as plaster, resin, hardeners, and shellac on specimens. Molds
and restores skeletal parts of fossil animals, using modeling clays and special molding and
casting techniques. Constructs skeletal mounts of fossil animals, using tools, such as drill
presses, pipe threaders, welding and soldering apparatus, and carpenter's tools. Constructs
duplicate specimens, using plaster, glue, latex, and plastiflex-molding techniques. Reassembles
fragmented artifacts, and fabricates substitute pieces. Maintains museum files. Cleans, catalogs,
labels, and stores specimens. May install, arrange, and exhibit materials.
109 OCCUPATIONS IN MUSEUM, LIBRARY, AND ARCHIVAL SCIENCES, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with museum, library, and archival science.
109.067-010 INFORMATION SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: chief information officer; information broker; information manager; information resources director; information resources manager
Designs information system to provide management or clients
with specific data from computer storage, utilizing knowledge of electronic data processing
principles, mathematics, and computer capabilities: Develops and designs methods and
procedures for collecting, organizing, interpreting, and classifying information for input into
computer and retrieval of specific information from computer, utilizing knowledge of symbolic
language and optical or pattern recognition principles. Develops alternate designs to resolve
problems in input, storage, and retrieval of information. May specialize in specific field of
information science, such as scientific or engineering research, or in specific discipline, such as
business, medicine, education, aerospace, or library science.
109.067-014 RESEARCH ASSOCIATE (museums)
Plans, organizes, and conducts research in scientific, cultural,
historical, or artistic field for use in own work or in project of sponsoring institution: Develops
plans for project or studies guidelines for project prepared by professional staff member to
outline research procedures to be followed. Plans schedule according to variety of methods to be
used, availability and quantity of resources, and number of subordinate personnel assigned to
participate in project. Conducts research, utilizing institution library, archives, and collections,
and other sources of information, to collect, record, analyze, and evaluate facts. Discusses
findings with other personnel to evaluate validity of findings. Prepares reports of completed
projects for publication in technical journals, for presentation to agency requesting project, or for
use in further applied or theoretical research activities.
109.137-010 SHELVING SUPERVISOR (library)
Supervises and coordinates activities of library workers
engaged in replacing books and other materials on shelves according to library classification
system: Assigns duties to workers. Trains and directs workers in performance of shelving tasks.
Examines materials on shelves to verify accuracy of placement. Counts number of materials
placed on shelves to record shelving activity. Marks designated classification number on
material, using pen and ink, to facilitate placement on shelves. May sort material, according to
author, classification number, subject matter, or title, to arrange material for shelving.
109.267-010 RESEARCH ASSISTANT I (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on historic monuments, buildings, and
scenes to reconstruct exhibits to scale in dioramas for use of fine-arts students or other purposes.
Collects information from libraries, museums, and art institutes. Monitors construction of
dioramas to ensure authenticity of proportions, color, and costumes in diorama.
109.267-014 RESEARCH WORKER, ENCYCLOPEDIA (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes information on specified subjects to answer
inquiries from encyclopedia owners, referring to library reference sources or consulting with
experts in field of knowledge involved. Prepares written summary of research findings for
mailing to inquirers.
109.281-010 ARMORER TECHNICIAN (museums)
Specializes in restoring and preparing exhibits of medieval
arms and armor: Assembles parts of armor, helmets, guns, swords, and similar items. Designs
and fabricates missing or broken parts. Conducts research to determine authenticity and classifies
and catalogs articles. Prepares articles for exhibition.
109.361-010 RESTORER, PAPER-AND-PRINTS (library; museums)
Cleans, preserves, restores, and repairs books, documents,
maps, prints, photographs, and other paper objects of historic or artistic significance: Examines
or tests objects to determine physical condition and chemical structure of paper, ink, paint, or
other coating, in order to identify problem and plan safest and most effective method of treating
material. Cleans objects by such methods as sprinkling crumbled art gum or draft powder over
surface and rotating soft cloth over cleaning agent to absorb soil (dry cleaning), immersing
objects in circulating bath of water or mild chemical solution (wet cleaning), or applying solvent
to remove rust, fly specks, mildew, or other stains, basing choice of method on knowledge of
physical and chemical structure of objects and effects of various kinds of treatment. Preserves or
directs preservation of objects by such methods as immersing paper in deacidification baths to
remove acidity from papers and ink to prevent deterioration, sealing documents or other papers
in cellulose cases and passing sealed objects through heated rollers to laminate them, spraying
objects, storage containers, or areas with fungicides, insecticides, or pesticides, and controlling
temperature, humidity, and exposure to natural or artificial light in areas where objects are
displayed or stored. Restores objects to original appearance by such methods as immersing
papers in mild bleach solution to brighten faded backgrounds, removing old varnish from such
art works as engravings and mezzotints, or strengthening papers by resizing in bath of gelatin
solution. Repairs objects by such methods as mending tears with adhesive and tissue, patching
and filling worm holes, torn corners, or large tears by chamfering, inserting, affixing, and
staining paper of similar weight and weave to simulate original appearance, or retouching
stained, faded, or blurred watercolors, prints, or documents, using colors and strokes to reproduce
those of original artist or writer.
109.364-010 CRAFT DEMONSTRATOR (museums)
Demonstrates and explains techniques and purposes of
handicraft or other activity, such as candle dipping, horseshoeing, or soap making, as part of
display in history or folk museum, or restored or refurbished farm, village, or neighborhood:
Studies historical and technical literature to acquire information about time period and lifestyle
depicted in display and craft techniques associated with time and area, to devise plan for
authentic presentation of craft. Drafts outline of talk, assisted by research personnel, to acquaint
visitors with customs and crafts associated with folk life depicted. Practices techniques involved
in handicraft to ensure accurate and skillful demonstrations. Molds candles, shoes horses,
operates looms, or engages in other crafts or activities, working in appropriate period setting, to
demonstrate craft to visitors. Explains techniques of craft, and points out relationship of craft to
lifestyle depicted to assist visitors to comprehend traditional techniques of work and play
peculiar to time and area. Answers visitor questions or refers visitor to other sources for
information.
109.367-010 MUSEUM ATTENDANT (museums)
Conducts operation of museum and provides information
about regulations, facilities, and exhibits to visitors: Opens museum at designated hours, greets
visitors, and invites visitors to sign guest register. Monitors visitors viewing exhibits, cautions
persons not complying with museum regulations, distributes promotional materials, and answers
questions concerning exhibits, regulations, and facilities. Arranges tours of facility for schools or
other groups, and schedules volunteers or other staff members to conduct tours. Examines exhibit
facilities and collection objects periodically and notifies museum professional personnel or
governing body when need for repair or replacement is observed.
11 OCCUPATIONS IN LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE This division includes occupations concerned with the application of principles relating to statute law and its administration.
110 LAWYERS This group includes occupations concerned with the practice of one or more phases of law. Includes representing individuals, organizations, or government; and the preparation of legal documents.
110.107-010 LAWYER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: advocate; attorney; counselor; counselor-at-law
Conducts criminal and civil lawsuits, draws up legal
documents, advises clients as to legal rights, and practices other phases of law: Gathers evidence
in divorce, civil, criminal, and other cases to formulate defense or to initiate legal action.
Conducts research, interviews clients and witnesses, and handles other details in preparation for
trial. Prepares legal briefs, develops strategy, arguments, and testimony in preparation for
presentation of case. Files brief with court clerk. Represents client in court and before
quasi-judicial or administrative agencies of government. Interprets laws, rulings, and regulations
for individuals and businesses. May confer with colleagues with specialty in area of lawsuit to
establish and verify basis for legal proceedings. May act as trustee, guardian, or executor. May
draft wills, trusts, transfer of assets, gifts, and other documents. May advise corporate clients
concerning transactions of business involving internal affairs, stockholders, directors, officers,
and corporate relations with general public. May supervise and coordinate activities of
subordinate legal personnel. May prepare business contracts, pay taxes, settle labor disputes, and
administer other legal matters. May teach college courses in law. May specialize in specific
phase of law.
110.107-014 LAWYER, CRIMINAL (profess. & kin.)
Specializes in law cases dealing with offenses against society
or state, such as theft, murder, and arson: Interviews clients and witnesses to ascertain facts of
case. Correlates findings and prepares case. Prosecutes, or defends defendant against charges.
Conducts case, examining and cross examining witnesses. Summarizes case to jury.
110.117-010 DISTRICT ATTORNEY (government ser.) alternate titles: prosecuting attorney; prosecutor; solicitor, city or state; state's attorney; united states attorney
Conducts prosecution in court proceedings in behalf of city,
county, state, or federal government: Gathers and analyzes evidence in case and reviews
pertinent decisions, policies, regulations, and other legal matters pertaining to case. Presents
evidence against accused to grand jury for indictment or release of accused. Appears against
accused in court of law and presents evidence before JUDGE (government ser.) or other judiciary
and jury.
110.117-014 INSURANCE ATTORNEY (insurance) alternate titles: claim attorney; insurance counsel
Advises management of insurance company on legality of
insurance transactions: Studies court decisions, and recommends changes in wording of
insurance policies to conform with law or to protect company from unwarranted claims. Advises
claims department personnel of legality of claims filed on company to ensure against undue
payments. Advises personnel engaged in drawing up of legal documents, such as insurance
contracts and release papers. May specialize in one phase of legal work, such as claims or
contracts.
110.117-018 LAWYER, ADMIRALTY (profess. & kin.)
Specializes in law applicable to matters occurring on inland
navigable waters or on high seas: Conducts lawsuits in matters involving ship personnel,
collisions, matters of cargo, and damage to objects by vessels. Draws legal documents, including
charter parties, applications for registry of vessels under flags of a particular country, and bills of
sale for vessels. Determines law applicable by study of the Constitution, statutes, previous
decisions, and regulations. Advises clients as to advisability of prosecuting and defending law
suits, or as to legal rights and obligations in other matters.
110.117-022 LAWYER, CORPORATION (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: business and financial counsel; corporate counsel
Advises corporation concerning legal rights, obligations, and
privileges: Studies Constitution, statutes, decisions, and ordinances of quasi-judicial bodies.
Examines legal data to determine advisability of defending or prosecuting lawsuit. May act as
agent of corporation in various transactions.
110.117-026 LAWYER, PATENT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: patent attorney; solicitor, patent
Specializes in patent law: Advises clients, such as inventors,
investors, and manufacturers, concerning patentability of inventions, infringement of patents,
validity of patents, and similar items. Prepares applications for patents and presents applications
to U.S. Patent Office. Prosecutes or defends clients in patent infringement litigations. May
specialize in protecting American trademarks and copyrights in foreign countries.
110.117-030 LAWYER, PROBATE (profess. & kin.)
Specializes in settlement and planning of estates: Drafts wills,
deeds of trusts, and similar documents to carry out estate planning of clients. Probates wills and
represents and advises executors and administrators of estates.
110.117-034 LAWYER, REAL ESTATE (profess. & kin.)
Specializes in sale and transfer of real property: Institutes title
search to establish ownership. Draws up documents, such as deeds, mortgages, and leases. May
act as trustee of property and hold funds for investment or issuance. May act as agent in real
estate transactions.
110.117-038 TAX ATTORNEY (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: tax agent; tax representative
Advises individuals, business concerns, and other
organizations concerning income, estate, gift, excise, property, and other federal, state, local, and
foreign taxes. Prepares opinions on tax liability resulting from prospective and past transactions.
Represents clients in tax litigation.
110.117-042 TITLE ATTORNEY (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: title examiner
Examines abstracts of titles, leases, contracts, and other legal
documents to determine ownership of land, and gas, oil, and mineral rights: Draws up legal
documents covering purchase and sale of land, and oil, gas, and mineral rights, drafts deeds and
affidavits, and presents other evidence to meet legal requirements of documents. Examines
instruments and opinions prepared by other attorneys and advises officials of organization as to
legal requirements in connection with titles. Searches for and examines public records and writes
opinions on titles. Prepares cases for trial and tries or assists in trial of lawsuits involving titles to
land, and gas, oil, and mineral rights.
110.167-010 BAR EXAMINER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: law examiner
Determines qualifications of candidates seeking admission to
practice of law: Prepares written examinations dealing with law subjects, such as contracts,
property, and criminal law based on legal code of examining jurisdiction. Corrects and marks
papers. Announces names of candidates earning passing grades. Submits each candidate to oral
examination concerning qualifications. Recommends candidates meeting prescribed standards be
admitted to practice.
111 JUDGES This group includes occupations concerned with presiding as arbitrator, advisor, and administrator of the judicial system in a court of law.
111.107-010 JUDGE (government ser.) alternate titles: justice
Arbitrates disputes, advises counsel, jury, litigants, or court
personnel, and administers judicial system: Establishes rules of procedure on questions for which
standard procedures have not been established by law or by superior court. Reads or listens to
allegations made by plaintiff in civil suits to determine their sufficiency. Examines evidence in
criminal cases to determine if evidence will support charges. Listens to presentation of case, rules
on admissibility of evidence and methods of conducting testimony, and settles disputes between
opposing attorneys. Instructs jury on applicable law and directs jury to deduce facts from
evidence presented. Sentences defendant in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to
statutes of state or federal government, or awards judicial relief to litigants in civil cases in
relation to findings by jury or by court. May be designated according to level of court in judicial
hierarchy as Appellate-Court Judge (government ser.); District-Court Judge (government ser.);
Municipal-Court Judge (government ser.); Superior-Court Judge (government ser.);
Supreme-Court Justice (government ser.). May preside over particular court department and be
designated Conciliation-Court Judge (government ser.); Criminal-Court Judge (government ser.);
Juvenile-Court Judge (government ser.); Probate Judge (government ser.).
111.107-014 MAGISTRATE (government ser.) alternate titles: justice-court judge; justice of the peace; police judge; police justice; police magistrate
Adjudicates civil cases in which damages do not exceed
prescribed maximum established by state law, and minor misdemeanor cases not involving
penitentiary sentences or fines in excess of maximum amount allowed to be levied under state
law. Conducts preliminary hearings in felony cases to determine whether there is reasonable and
probable cause to hold defendant for further proceedings or trial by superior court. May perform
wedding ceremonies. May perform duties at night and be designated Night-Court Magistrate
(government ser.). May adjudicate cases involving motor vehicle laws and be designated
Traffic-Court Magistrate (government ser.).
119 OCCUPATIONS IN LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with law and jurisprudence.
119.107-010 HEARING OFFICER (government ser.) alternate titles: appeals board referee; referee
Reviews previously adjudicated social welfare tax or
eligibility issues, as member of appeals board, utilizing knowledge of regulations, policy, and
precedent decisions: Researches laws, regulations, policies, and precedent decisions to prepare
for appeal hearings. Schedules hearing, issues subpoenas, counsels parties, and administers oaths
to prepare for formal hearing. Conducts hearing to obtain information and evidence relative to
disposition of appeal. Questions witnesses and rules on exceptions, motions, and admissibility of
evidence. Analyzes evidence and applicable law, regulations, policy, and precedent decisions to
determine appropriate and permissible conclusions. Prepares written decision. May hear
disability insurance appeals and be designated Disability-Insurance-Hearing Officer (government
ser.). May hear unemployment insurance appeals and be designated
Unemployment-Insurance-Hearing Officer (government ser.).
119.117-010 APPEALS REVIEWER, VETERAN (government ser.)
Adjudicates military service veterans' claims for allowances:
Conducts hearings and determines validity of claim in accordance with federal and state laws and
precedents. Renders decision and writes opinion on questions appealed. Prepares interpretations
and advisory opinions on points of law requested by state or federal agencies engaged in
administration of veterans' programs. Conducts studies of appeals procedures in field agencies to
ensure adherence to legal requirements and facilitate determination of cases.
119.167-010 ADJUDICATOR (government ser.)
Adjudicates claims filed by government against individuals or
organizations: Determines existence and amount of liability, according to law, administrative and
judicial precedents and other evidence. Recommends acceptance or rejection of compromise
settlement offers.
119.167-014 PATENT AGENT (profess. & kin.)
Prepares and presents patent application to U.S. Patent Office
and in patent courts, according to familiarity with patent law and filing procedures. Must be
registered by U.S. Patent Office. Cannot practice law or appear in other courts.
119.167-018 TITLE SUPERVISOR (profess. & kin.)
Directs and coordinates activities of subordinates engaged in
searching public records and examining titles to determine legal condition of property title.
119.267-010 ABSTRACTOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: abstract clerk; abstract maker; abstract searcher; abstract writer; court abstractor; title abstractor
Analyzes pertinent legal or insurance details or section of
statute or case law to summarize for purposes of examination, proof, or ready reference. May
search out titles to determine if title deed is correct [TITLE EXAMINER (profess. & kin.)].
119.267-014 APPEALS REFEREE (government ser.)
Adjudicates social welfare tax or benefit eligibility issues
filed by disabled or unemployed claimants or employers: Arranges and conducts hearings to
discover pertinent facts bearing on claim in accord with federal and state laws and procedures.
Renders decisions affirming or denying previous ruling, based on testimony, claim records,
applicable provisions of law, and established precedents. Writes decision explaining ruling and
informs interested parties of results. Confers with personnel of employer or agency involved to
obtain additional information bearing on appeal, and to clarify future implications of decisions.
May participate in court proceedings against claimants attempting to obtain benefits through
fraud. May render informal opinions on points of law in questionable cases to facilitate initial
determination of benefit eligibility or imposition of penalties. May be required to hold law
degree or license to practice law.
119.267-018 CONTRACT CLERK (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: contract consultant; contract technician
Reviews agreements or proposed agreements for conformity
to company rates, rules, and regulations: Analyzes contracts and confers with various department
heads to detect ambiguities, inaccurate statements, omissions of essential terms, and conflicts
with possible legal prohibitions. Recommends modifications. Converts agreements into contract
form or prepares amended agreement for approval by legal department. May initiate changes in
standard form contracts.
119.267-022 LEGAL INVESTIGATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: legal assistant
Researches and prepares cases relating to administrative
appeals of civil service members: Examines state government, personnel, college, or university
rules and regulations. Answers members' questions regarding rights and benefits and advises on
how rules apply to individual situations. Presents arguments and evidence to support appeal at
appeal hearing. Calls upon witnesses to testify at hearing.
119.267-026 PARALEGAL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: law clerk; legal aid; legal assistant
Researches law, investigates facts, and prepares documents to
assist LAWYER (profess. & kin.) 110.107-010: Researches and analyzes law sources such as
statutes, recorded judicial decisions, legal articles, treaties, constitutions, and legal codes to
prepare legal documents, such as briefs, pleadings, appeals, wills, contracts, initial and amended
articles of incorporation, stock certificates and other securities, buy-sell agreements, closing
papers and binders, deeds, and trust instruments for review, approval, and use by attorney.
Appraises and inventories real and personal property for estate planning. Investigates facts and
law of case to determine causes of action and to prepare case accordingly. Files pleadings with
court clerk. Prepares affidavits of documents and maintains document file. Delivers or directs
delivery of subpoenas to witnesses and parties to action. May direct and coordinate activities of
law office employees. May prepare office accounts and tax returns. May specialize in litigation,
probate, real estate, or corporation law. May prepare real estate closing statement and assist in
closing process. May act as arbitrator and liaison between disputing parties. May act as law
librarian, keeping and monitoring legal volumes and ensuring legal volumes are up-to-date. May
search patent files to ascertain originality of patent application and be designated Patent Clerk
(government ser.).
119.287-010 TITLE EXAMINER (profess. & kin.)
Searches public records and examines titles to determine legal
condition of property title: Examines copies of records, such as mortgages, liens, judgments,
easements, vital statistics, and plat and map books to determine ownership and legal restrictions
and to verify legal description of property. Copies or summarizes (abstracts) recorded
documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts affecting condition of title to property.
Analyzes restrictions and prepares report outlining restrictions and actions required to clear title.
When working in title-insurance company, prepares and issues policy that guarantees legality of
title.
119.367-010 ESCROW OFFICER (profess. & kin.)
Holds in escrow, funds, legal papers, and other collateral
posted by contracting parties to ensure fulfillment of contracts or trust agreements: Prepares
escrow agreement. Executes terms of contract or trust agreement, such as holding money or legal
papers, paying off mortgages, or paying sums to designated parties. Files and delivers deeds and
other legal papers. May assist buyer to secure financing.
12 OCCUPATIONS IN RELIGION AND THEOLOGY This division includes occupations concerned with religious worship and observance, and with theological research and history of religion.
120 CLERGY This group includes occupations concerned with serving spiritual needs of congregation members, usually as minister, priest, or rabbi. Includes delivering sermons, conducting services, administering religious rites, instructing prospective congregation members, and counseling members in need of spiritual advice.
120.107-010 CLERGY MEMBER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: minister; preacher; priest; rabbi
Conducts religious worship and performs other spiritual
functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination as authorized,
and provides spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to members: Leads congregation in
worship services. Prepares and delivers sermons and other talks. Interprets doctrine of religion.
Instructs people who seek conversion to faith. Conducts wedding and funeral services.
Administers religious rites or ordinances. Visits sick and shut-ins, and helps poor. Counsels those
in spiritual need and comforts bereaved. Oversees religious education programs. May write
articles for publication and engage in interfaith, community, civic, educational, and recreational
activities sponsored by or related to interest of denomination. May teach in seminaries and
universities. May serve in armed forces, institutions, or industry and be designated Chaplain
(profess. & kin.). When in charge of Christian church, congregation, or parish, may be
designated Pastor (profess. & kin.) or Rector (profess. & kin.). May carry religious message and
medical or educational aid to nonchristian lands and people to obtain converts and establish
native church and be designated Missionary (profess. & kin.).
129 OCCUPATIONS IN RELIGION AND THEOLOGY, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with religion and theology.
129.027-010 CANTOR (profess. & kin.)
Chants and reads portions of ritual during religious services,
and directs congregants in musical activities: Arranges musical portion of religious services in
consultation with leader of congregation. Chants or recites religious texts during worship
services or other observances and trains and leads congregants in musical responses. May create
variations of traditional music or compose music for services. May train and direct choir or teach
vocal music to youth or other groups of congregants.
129.107-010 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE NURSE (profess. & kin.)
Provides support and nonmedical physical care, through
practical knowledge of Christian Science, to patients receiving treatment from CHRISTIAN
SCIENCE PRACTITIONERS (profess. & kin.). May work on staff of Christian Science
sanatorium or Christian Science visiting nurse service. May contract independently, usually with
one patient, to provide individual care in Christian Science sanatorium or private home.
129.107-014 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE PRACTITIONER (profess. & kin.)
Practices spiritual healing through prayer alone in accordance
with religious teaching of Christian Science.
129.107-018 DIRECTOR OF RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES (education) alternate titles: dean of chapel; director of religious life
Directs and coordinates activities of various denominational
groups to meet religious needs of students: Meets with religious advisers and councils to
coordinate overall religious program. Assists and advises groups in promoting interfaith
understanding. Interprets policies of university to community religious workers and confers with
administrative officials concerning suggestions and requests for religious activities. Provides
counseling and guidance relative to marital, health, financial, and religious problems. Plans and
conducts conferences and courses to assist in interpretation of religion to various academic
groups and to promote understanding of individual faiths and convictions of other groups.
129.107-022 DIRECTOR, RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (nonprofit org.)
Plans, organizes, and directs religious education program
designed to promote religious education among congregation membership and counsels members
concerning personal problems: Analyzes revenue and program cost data to determine budget
priorities. Analyzes member participation, and changes in congregation emphasis to determine
needs for religious education. Develops study courses and supervises instructional staff.
Counsels students. Plans congregational activities and projects to attract attention to, and
encourage active participation in programs. Promotes student participation in extracurricular
congregational activities. Visits homes of congregation members and confers with CLERGY
MEMBER (profess. & kin.) 120.107-010, congregation officials, and congregation organizations
to solicit support and participation, and to stimulate interest in religious and educational
programs. Participates in such denominational activities as giving help to new congregations and
small congregations. Interprets work of school to public through speaking or discussion-leading
in related fields, and contributes articles to local and national publications. Orders and distributes
school supplies.
129.107-026 PASTORAL ASSISTANT (nonprofit org.)
Assists ordained clergy in conducting worship services;
provides spiritual guidance to church members; and plans and arranges educational, social, and
recreational programs for congregation: Assists CLERGY MEMBER (profess. & kin.)
120.107-010 in conducting worship, wedding, funeral, and other services and in coordinating
activities of lay participants, such as organist, choir, and ushers. Visits church members in
hospitals and convalescent facilities or at home to offer spiritual guidance and assistance, such as
emergency financial aid or referral to community support services. Assists CLERGY MEMBER
(profess. & kin.) and lay teachers in selecting books and reference materials for religious
education classes and in adapting content to meet needs of different age groups. May write and
deliver sermons. May teach history and doctrine of church to church members. May assist
CLERGY MEMBER (profess. & kin.) in coordinating committees that oversee social and
recreational programs.
129.271-010 MOHEL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: ritual circumciser
Circumcises Jewish male infants in accordance with tenets of
faith: Reviews infant's family medical history to determine possibility of hemorrhage. Examines
infant for infection and other conditions to determine best operational time and procedure.
Disinfects surgical instruments, hands, and operative area. Affixes lyre-shaped shield to penis
and excises foreskin and membrane along line of shield, using scalpel. Removes blood from
wound, using suction, and applies sterile dressing. Recites prescribed benedictions and
announces Hebrew name of child.
13 OCCUPATIONS IN WRITING This division includes occupations concerned with reporting, editing, promoting, and interpreting ideas and facts in written form. Occupations concerned with translating and interpreting written and spoken words from one language to another are also included in this division.
131 WRITERS This group includes occupations primarily concerned with researching and writing material for performance, publication, or broadcast. Includes reporting, analyzing, and interpreting facts, events, and personalities; developing fiction or nonfiction ideas, using various literary techniques to produce plays, novels, poems, or other related works; critically evaluating art, music, drama, and other artistic presentations; and persuading the general public to favor personalities, goods, and services. Writers often rewrite material developed by others and perform editorial duties but are distinguished from editors because they are primarily responsible for originating written material. Technical writers are also included in this group. Occupations which include writing but are primarily involved with other disciplines, such as economics, psychology, and history, are grouped according to primary involvement.
131.067-010 COLUMNIST/COMMENTATOR (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.)
Analyzes news and writes column or commentary, based on
personal knowledge and experience with subject matter, for publication or broadcast: Gathers
information and develops subject perspective through research, interview, experience, and
attendance at functions, such as political conventions, news meetings, sports events, and social
activities. Analyzes and interprets information to formulate and outline story idea. Selects
material most pertinent to presentation, organizes material into acceptable media form and
format, and writes column or commentary. Records commentary or presents commentary live
when working in broadcast medium. May be required to develop material to fit media time or
space requirements. May analyze current news items and be designated News Analyst (radio-tv
broad.). May be designated according to medium worked in as Columnist (print. & pub.);
Commentator (radio-tv broad.). May specialize in particular field, such as sports, fashion,
society, or politics. May analyze topics chosen by publication or broadcast facility editorial
board. May enter information into computer to prepare commentaries.
131.067-014 COPY WRITER (profess. & kin.)
Writes advertising copy for use by publication or broadcast
media to promote sale of goods and services: Consults with sales media, and marketing
representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of
advertising copy. Obtains additional background and current development information through
research and interview. Reviews advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding
marketing of specific and related goods and services to formulate presentation approach. Writes
preliminary draft of copy and sends to supervisor for approval. Corrects and revises copy as
necessary. May write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative and
promotional material. May enter information into computer to prepare advertising copy.
131.067-018 CRITIC (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.)
Writes critical reviews of literary, musical, or artistic works
and performances for broadcast and publication: Attends art exhibitions, musical or dramatic
performances, reads books, or previews motion picture or television presentations. Analyzes
factors such as theme, expression, and technique, and makes comparisons to other works and
standards. Forms critical opinions based on personal knowledge, judgment, and experience.
Organizes material to emphasize prominent features, and writes review. Presents oral review in
live or recorded form when working in broadcasting medium. May enter information into
computer to prepare reviews. May be designated according to field of specialization as Art Critic
(print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.); Book Critic (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.); Drama Critic (print.
& pub.; radio-tv broad.); Movie Critic (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.); Music Critic (print. &
pub.; radio-tv broad.).
131.067-022 EDITORIAL WRITER (print. & pub.)
Writes comments on topics of reader interest to stimulate or
mold public opinion, in accordance with viewpoints and policies of publication: Prepares
assigned or unassigned articles from knowledge of topic and editorial position of publication,
supplemented by additional study and research. Submits and discusses copy with editor for
approval. May specialize in one or more fields, such as international affairs, fiscal matters, or
national or local politics. May participate in conferences of editorial policy committee to
recommend topics and position to be taken by publication on specific public issues.
131.067-026 HUMORIST (profess. & kin.)
Writes humorous material for publication or performance:
Selects topic according to personal preference or assignment. Writes and makes changes and
revisions to material until it meets personal standards. Submits material for approval and confers
with client regarding additional changes or revisions. May conduct research to obtain factual
information regarding subject matter. May specialize in writing comedy routines, gags, or special
material for entertainers and be designated Gag Writer (profess. & kin.). May write comedy
shows for presentation on radio or television and be designated Comedy Writer (profess. & kin.).
May work as a member of writing team and be assigned to develop segment of comedy show.
131.067-030 LIBRETTIST (profess. & kin.)
Composes text for opera, musical play, or extended choral
work, fitting words to music composed by another. Adapts text to accommodate musical
requirements of COMPOSER (profess. & kin.) and SINGER (amuse. & rec.; motion picture;
radio-tv broad.).
131.067-034 LYRICIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: lyric writer; song writer
Writes words to be sung or spoken to accompaniment of
music. Expresses sentiment, ideas, or narration, usually in verse, to fit music.
131.067-038 PLAYWRIGHT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: dramatist
Writes original plays, such as tragedies, comedies, or dramas,
or adapts themes from fictional, historical, or narrative sources, for dramatic presentation: Writes
plays, usually involving action, conflict, purpose, and resolution, to depict series of events from
imaginary or real life. Writes dialogue and describes action to be followed during enactment of
play. Revises script during rehearsals and preparation for initial showing.
131.067-042 POET (profess. & kin.)
Writes narrative, dramatic, or lyric poetry for magazines,
books, and other publications: Chooses subject matter and suitable form to express personal
feeling and individual experience, or to narrate story or event. May write doggerel or other type
verse.
131.067-046 WRITER, PROSE, FICTION AND NONFICTION (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: writer
Writes original prose material for publication: Selects subject
matter based on personal interest or receives specific assignment from publisher. Conducts
research and makes notes to retain ideas, develop factual information, and obtain authentic detail.
Organizes material and plans arrangement or outline. Develops factors, such as theme, plot,
order, characterization, and story line. Writes draft of manuscript. Reviews, revises, and corrects
it and submits material for publication. Confers with publisher's representative regarding
manuscript changes. May specialize in one or more styles or types of writing, such as descriptive
or critical interpretations or analyses, essays, magazine articles, short stories, novels, and
biographies.
131.067-050 SCREEN WRITER (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: scenario writer; script writer
Writes scripts for motion pictures or television: Selects
subject and theme for script based on personal interests or assignment. Conducts research to
obtain accurate factual background information and authentic detail. Writes plot outline,
narrative synopsis, or treatment and submits for approval. Confers with PRODUCER (motion
picture) 187.167-174 or PRODUCER (radio-tv broad.) 159.117-010 and DIRECTOR, MOTION
PICTURE (motion picture) 159.067-010 or DIRECTOR, TELEVISION (radio-tv broad.)
159.067-014 regarding script development, revisions, and other changes. Writes one or more
drafts of script. May work in collaboration with other writers. May adapt books or plays into
scripts for use in television or motion picture production. May write continuity or comedy
routines. May specialize in particular type of script or writing.
131.087-010 CONTINUITY WRITER (radio-tv broad.)
Originates and prepares material that is read by
ANNOUNCER (radio-tv broad.) 159.147-010 to introduce and connect various parts of musical,
news, and sports programs.
131.087-014 READER (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: script reader; story analyst
Reads novels, stories, and plays and prepares synopses for
review by editorial department or PRODUCER (motion picture) or PRODUCER (radio-tv
broad.). Suggests possible treatment of selected materials. May read foreign story material in
original language.
131.262-010 NEWSCASTER (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: newsperson
Analyzes and broadcasts news received from various sources:
Examines news items of local, national, and international significance to determine selection or
is assigned news items for broadcast by editorial staff. Prepares or assists in preparation of script
[NEWSWRITER (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.) 131.262-014]. Presents news over radio or
television. May specialize in particular field of news broadcasting, such as political, economic, or
military. May gather information about newsworthy events [REPORTER (print. & pub.; radio-tv
broad.) 131.262-018]. May introduce broadcasters who specialize in particular fields, such as
sports or weather, and be designated Anchorperson (radio-tv broad.) or News Anchor (radio-tv
broad.).
131.262-014 NEWSWRITER (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: rewriter
Writes news stories for publication or broadcast from written
or recorded notes supplied by reporting staff, using computer or typewriter: Reviews and
evaluates written or recorded notes obtained from reporting staff to isolate pertinent facts and
details. Verifies accuracy of questionable facts and obtains supplemental material and additional
details from files, reference libraries, and interviews with knowledgeable sources. Organizes
material and writes story conforming to specified length, style, and format requirements. May
discuss story length and format with EDITOR, CITY (print. & pub.) 132.037-014 or with
PRODUCER (radio-tv broad.) 159.117-010 and FILM OR VIDEOTAPE EDITOR (motion
picture; radio-tv broad.) 962.262-010. May write news stories in foreign language.
131.262-018 REPORTER (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: newsperson
Collects and analyzes information about newsworthy events
to write news stories for publication or broadcast: Receives assignment or evaluates news leads
and news tips to develop story idea. Gathers and verifies factual information regarding story
through interview, observation, and research. Organizes material, determines slant or emphasis,
and writes story according to prescribed editorial style and format standards. May monitor police
and fire department radio communications to obtain story leads. May take photographs or shoot
video to illustrate stories. May edit, or assist in editing, videos for broadcast. May appear on
television program when conducting taped or filmed interviews or narration. May give live
reports from site of event or mobile broadcast unit. May transmit information to NEWSWRITER
(print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.) 131.262-014 for story writing. May specialize in one type of
reporting, such as sports, fires, accidents, political affairs, court trials, or police activities. May be
assigned to outlying areas or foreign countries and be designated Correspondent (print. & pub.;
radio-tv broad.) or Foreign Correspondent (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.).
131.267-022 SCRIPT READER (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: copy reader; editor
Reads book or script of radio and television programs and
commercials or views and listens to video and sound tapes to detect and recommend deletion of
vulgar, immoral, libelous, or misleading statements, applying knowledge of FCC and station
standards and regulations: Types recommended editorial revisions in script. Confers with sales or
advertising agency personnel to report on revised or disallowed commercials. When reading
continuity, may be designated Continuity Reader (radio-tv broad.).
131.267-026 WRITER, TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS (profess. & kin.)
Develops, writes, and edits material for reports, manuals,
briefs, proposals, instruction books, catalogs, and related technical and administrative
publications concerned with work methods and procedures, and installation, operation, and
maintenance of machinery and other equipment: Receives assignment from supervisor. Observes
production, developmental, and experimental activities to determine operating procedure and
detail. Interviews production and engineering personnel and reads journals, reports, and other
material to become familiar with product technologies and production methods. Reviews
manufacturer's and trade catalogs, drawings and other data relative to operation, maintenance,
and service of equipment. Studies blueprints, sketches, drawings, parts lists, specifications, mock
ups, and product samples to integrate and delineate technology, operating procedure, and
production sequence and detail. Organizes material and completes writing assignment according
to set standards regarding order, clarity, conciseness, style, and terminology. Reviews published
materials and recommends revisions or changes in scope, format, content, and methods of
reproduction and binding. May maintain records and files of work and revisions. May select
photographs, drawings, sketches, diagrams, and charts to illustrate material. May assist in laying
out material for publication. May arrange for typing, duplication, and distribution of material.
May write speeches, articles, and public or employee relations releases. May edit, standardize, or
make changes to material prepared by other writers or plant personnel and be designated
Standard-Practice Analyst (profess. & kin.). May specialize in writing material regarding work
methods and procedures and be designated Process-Description Writer (profess. & kin.).
132 EDITORS: PUBLICATION, BROADCAST, AND SCRIPT This group includes occupations concerned with assigning, selecting, and preparing written materials for publication, broadcast, or motion picture production. This includes planning arrangement of material, rewriting, verifying, compiling, and abstracting according to standards of consistency, organization, development or specified viewpoint. Editors coordinate the work of authors, designers, production personnel, and printers. Editors of specialized types of written material are also included.
132.017-010 EDITOR, MANAGING, NEWSPAPER (print. & pub.) alternate titles: managing editor
Negotiates with newspaper owner's representative to establish
publication policies, and directs editorial activities of newspaper departments: Confers with
executive staff to discuss editorial policy, makeup plans, changes in staff organization, news
coverage of special events, and similar decisions. Relays information to department heads.
Coordinates work of editorial departments in accordance with newspaper policy. Directs general
page makeup of publication. Inspects final makeup of editions and rearranges makeup to meet
emergency news situations. Originates plans for special features or projects and assigns
department heads to implement them. May write leading or policy editorials. In smaller
establishments may perform duties of EDITOR, NEWS (print. & pub.) 132.067-026; and
EDITOR, CITY (print. & pub.) 132.037-014.
132.017-014 EDITOR, NEWSPAPER (print. & pub.) alternate titles: editor-in-chief, newspaper
Formulates editorial policy and directs operation of
newspaper: Confers with editorial policy committee and heads of production, advertising, and
circulation departments to develop editorial and operating procedures and negotiate decisions
affecting publication. Appoints editorial heads and supervises work of their departments in
accordance with newspaper policy. Writes leading or policy editorials or notifies editorial
department head of position to be taken on specific public issues. Reviews financial reports and
takes appropriate action with respect to costs and revenues. Represents publication at
professional and community functions. In smaller establishments may perform duties of one or
more subordinate editors and direct activities of advertising, circulation, or production personnel.
132.017-018 EDITOR, TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: manager, technical and scientific publications; supervisor, publications
Directs and coordinates activities of writers engaged in
preparing technical, scientific, medical, or other material for publication in conjunction with or
independent from manufacturing, research, and related activities: Analyzes developments in
specific field to determine need for revisions, corrections, and changes in previously published
materials, and development of new material. Confers with customer representatives, vendors,
plant executives, or publisher to establish technical specifications, determine specific or general
subject material to be developed for publication, and resolve problems concerned with
developing and publishing subject material. Assigns staff writer or contracts with specialist in
subject area to produce draft of manuscript. Supervises staff writers and delineates standard
procedures for gathering data and writing. Reviews draft of manuscript and makes
recommendations for changes. May edit and correct final draft to prepare for typesetting. May
perform similar duties to those supervised. May select or recommend graphics, such as drawings,
diagrams, pictures, and charts to illustrate manuscript. May specialize in particular type of
publication, such as manuals, handbooks, articles, or proposals.
132.037-010 CONTINUITY DIRECTOR (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: editor, continuity and script
Coordinates activities of continuity department of radio or
television station: Assigns duties to staff and freelance writers. Supervises staff writers preparing
program continuity and scripts for broadcasting, and edits material to ensure conformance with
company policy, laws, and regulations. May be responsible for nonmusical copyright material.
May read book or script of television programs and commercials or view and listen to videotapes
to detect and recommend deletion of vulgar, immoral, libelous, or misleading statements,
applying knowledge of Federal Communications Commission and station standards and
regulations. May supervise administrative research workers and employees receiving and
examining program ideas and scripts suggested by public for station or network presentation.
132.037-014 EDITOR, CITY (print. & pub.) alternate titles: city editor; metropolitan editor
Directs and supervises personnel engaged in selecting,
gathering, and editing local news and news photographs for edition of newspaper: Receives
information regarding developing news events or originates story ideas and assigns coverage to
members of reporting and photography staff. Reviews news copy and confers with executive
staff members regarding allocation of news space. Sends copy to copy desk for editing. Reviews
edited copy and sends to EDITOR, NEWS (print. & pub.) or composing room. May write or
direct writing of headlines. May hire and discharge members of reporting staff. May perform
other editorial duties as required. Designated State Editor (print. & pub.) when working with
State news and National Editor (print. & pub.) when working with National news.
132.037-018 EDITOR, DEPARTMENT (print. & pub.)
Supervises personnel engaged in selecting, gathering, and
editing news and news photographs for one or more specialized news departments of newspaper:
May select submitted material such as letters or articles for publication. May assign cartoons or
editorials to staff members. May perform duties of REPORTER (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.).
May edit copy and perform related duties as required. Usually identified according to individual
specialty or specialties.
132.037-022 EDITOR, PUBLICATIONS (print. & pub.)
Formulates policy; plans, coordinates, and directs editorial
activities; and supervises workers who assist in selecting and preparing material for publication
in magazines, trade journals, house organs, and related publications: Confers with executives,
department heads, and editorial staff to formulate policy, coordinate department activities,
establish production schedules, solve publication problems, and discuss makeup plans and
organizational changes. Determines theme of issue and gathers related material. Writes or assigns
staff members or freelance writers to write articles, reports, editorials, reviews, and other
material. Reads and evaluates material submitted for publication consideration. Secures graphic
material from picture sources and assigns artists and photographers to produce pictures and
illustrations. Assigns staff member, or personally interviews individuals and attends gatherings,
to obtain items for publication, verify facts, and clarify information. Assigns research and other
editorial duties to assistants. Organizes material, plans overall and individual page layouts, and
selects type. Marks dummy pages to indicate position and size of printed and graphic material.
Reviews final proofs and approves or makes changes. Reviews and evaluates work of staff
members and makes recommendations and changes. May perform related editorial duties listed
under EDITORIAL ASSISTANT (print. & pub.). May direct activities of production, circulation,
or promotion personnel. May prepare news or public relations releases, special brochures, and
similar materials. May be designated according to type of publication worked on as
Communications Manager (print. & pub.); Editor, Farm Journal (print. & pub.); Editor, House
Organ (print. & pub.); Editor, Magazine (print. & pub.); Editor, Trade Journal (print. & pub.);
Industrial Editor (print. & pub.).
132.037-026 STORY EDITOR (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Selects and secures written material and supervises staff
writers who prepare scripts to be used for television or motion picture productions: Reviews and
evaluates writers' work developed during previous associations, samples presented by agents, and
material received from other sources to select writers and subject material compatible with
established styles, concepts, and formats. Recommends purchase of material judged to be
suitable in developing scripts. Confers with production head regarding selection of writers and
material. Hires, assigns, and supervises writers who prepare scripts for production. Reviews
writers' work and gives instruction and direction regarding changes, additions, and corrections.
Rewrites, combines, and polishes draft scripts, as necessary, to prepare scripts for production.
Reads stories and other material obtained from various sources and evaluates potential for
development into scripts. May assign staff members to write synopses, treatments, adaptations,
scripts, and continuity when working on motion pictures.
132.067-010 BUREAU CHIEF (print. & pub.)
Directs and coordinates activities of personnel engaged in
selecting, gathering, and editing news and news pictures in remote location or foreign country
and transmitting to home office of newspaper or press syndicate: May translate dispatches into
English or cable language. May perform duties of REPORTER (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.).
132.067-014 EDITOR, BOOK (print. & pub.)
Secures, selects, and coordinates publication of manuscripts
in book form: Reviews submitted manuscript, determines demand based on consumer trends and
personal knowledge, and makes recommendations regarding procurement and revision. Confers
with author and publisher to arrange purchase and details, such as publication date, royalties, and
number of copies to be printed. Coordinates design and production activities. May assign and
supervise editorial staff. May contract design and production or personally design and produce
book.
132.067-018 EDITOR, DICTIONARY (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: lexicographer
Researches information about words that make up language
and writes and reviews definitions for publication in dictionary: Conducts or directs research to
discover origin, spelling, syllabication, pronunciation, meaning, and usage of words. Organizes
research material and writes dictionary definition. May study or conduct surveys to determine
factors, such as frequency of use for a specific word, or word use by particular segment of
population in order to select words for inclusion in dictionary. May perform related editorial
duties. May select drawings or other graphic material to illustrate word meaning. May specialize
in particular type of dictionary, such as medical, electronic, or industrial.
132.067-022 EDITOR, GREETING CARD (print. & pub.)
Selects and edits original sentiments for use on greeting
cards: Reads material submitted by freelance and staff writers and determines suitability based
on knowledge of market trends, company standards, and personal tastes. Edits material to meet
greeting card requirements. Maintains file of sentiments for future use. May write greeting card
verses. May supervise writing staff. May design cards. May coordinate activities of art,
photographic, and printing staff.
132.067-026 EDITOR, NEWS (print. & pub.) alternate titles: makeup editor
Plans layout of newspaper edition: Receives news copy,
photographs, and dummy page layouts marked to indicate columns occupied by advertising.
Confers with management and editorial staff members regarding placement of developing news
stories. Determines placement of stories based on relative significance, available space, and
knowledge of layout principles. Marks layout sheets to indicate position of each story and
accompanying photographs. Approves proofs submitted by composing room. May write or revise
headlines. May edit copy. May perform related editorial duties as required.
132.067-030 PROGRAM PROPOSALS COORDINATOR (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: coordinator, program planning
Develops, writes, and edits proposals for new radio or
television programs: Reviews program proposals submitted by staff, station and independent
producers, and other sources to determine proposal feasibility, based on knowledge of station's
programming needs, policy and budgetary considerations, and potential underwriting (funding)
sources. Edits proposals, or writes proposals for original program concepts, and submits
proposals for review of programming, financial, and other departmental personnel. Participates in
selection of researchers, consultants, producers, and on-air personalities to facilitate development
of program ideas. Authorizes preparation of budget for final proposals. Maintains liaison
between program production department and proposal originators to inform originators of status
of accepted projects.
132.132-010 ASSIGNMENT EDITOR (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: managing editor
Supervises and coordinates activities of radio or television
news gathering staff: Maintains contact with outside news agencies, police and fire departments,
and other news sources to obtain information regarding developing news items. Determines
priority and assigns coverage to news units. Originates or approves ideas for news features.
Confers with DIRECTOR, NEWS (radio-tv broad.) 184.167-014 and department heads to
coordinate production activities. Reads and edits news copy to ensure that slanderous, libelous,
and profane statements are avoided or deleted. Prepares rundown of news stories and assignment
sheets, using computer. Communicates with reporters on assignments, using two-way radio. May
direct or participate in writing and editing activities.
132.267-010 EDITOR, TELEGRAPH (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: editor, wire
Selects and edits state, national, and international news items
received by wire from press associations: Corrects errors of spelling and punctuation in telegraph
copy. Deletes less important paragraphs, according to importance and amount of space available
for story. Issues selected items to EDITOR, NEWS (print. & pub.), with notations of desired
length of story in accordance with predetermined space allotment. Monitors teleprinter machines
for new leads on important news items received before press time of edition, and reserves space
for copy on such items. May select news of local events of national or international interest, and
prepare copy to be forwarded to central news associations by wire. May rewrite stories to include
information of special interest to subscribers of publication.
132.267-014 EDITORIAL ASSISTANT (print. & pub.) alternate titles: assistant editor; associate editor
Prepares written material for publication, performing any
combination of following duties: Reads copy to detect errors in spelling, punctuation, and syntax.
Verifies facts, dates, and statistics, using standard reference sources. Rewrites or modifies copy
to conform to publication's style and editorial policy and marks copy for typesetter, using
standard symbols to indicate how type should be set. Reads galley and page proofs to detect
errors and indicates corrections, using standard proofreading symbols. May confer with authors
regarding changes made to manuscript. May select and crop photographs and illustrative
materials to conform to space and subject matter requirements. May prepare page layouts to
position and space articles and illustrations. May write or rewrite headlines, captions, columns,
articles, and stories according to publication requirements. May initiate or reply to
correspondence regarding material published or being considered for publication. May read and
evaluate submitted manuscripts and be designated Manuscript Reader (print. & pub.). May be
designated according to type of publication worked on as Copy Reader (print. & pub.) when
working on newspaper; Copy Reader, Book (print. & pub.) when working on books.
132.367-010 EDITOR, INDEX (print. & pub.) alternate titles: indexer
Prepares indices for books and other publications: Reads
material to determine which items should be in index. Arranges topical or alphabetical list of
index items, according to page or chapter, indicating location of item in text. Classifies items of
topical interest, and inserts cross references in index to refer reader to related subjects appearing
elsewhere in text. Directs activities of clerical staff engaged in typing index, filing subject-cards,
and performing related duties. May prepare related items, such as glossaries, bibliographies, and
explanatory footnotes, following literary style of manuscript author.
137 INTERPRETERS AND TRANSLATORS This group includes occupations concerned with translating spoken or written words from one language into another, and translating spoken language into sign language.
137.137-010 DIRECTOR, TRANSLATION (profess. & kin.)
Directs and coordinates activities of INTERPRETERS
(profess. & kin.) and TRANSLATORS (profess. & kin.) engaged in translating spoken passages,
documents, and other material from one language to another for business establishments,
government agencies, and academic institutions: Studies material, using knowledge of language
and linguistics, to determine best qualified personnel for specific projects. Assigns projects to
personnel and reviews work for quality. Attends meetings of groups and organizations engaged
in international relations to promote translation service. Prepares budget for department and
determines allocation of funds. Interviews and selects personnel for staff positions.
137.267-010 INTERPRETER (profess. & kin.)
Translates spoken passages from one language into another:
Provides consecutive or simultaneous translation between languages. In consecutive interpreting
listens to complete statements in one language, translates to second, and translates responses
from second into first language. Expresses either approximate or exact translation, depending on
nature of occasion. In simultaneous interpreting renders oral translation of material at time it is
being spoken, usually hearing material over electronic audio system and broadcasting translation
to listeners. Usually receives briefing on subject discussed prior to interpreting session. May be
designated according to language or languages interpreted. May specialize in specific subject
area.
137.267-014 INTERPRETER, DEAF (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: translator, deaf
Provides translation between spoken and manual (sign
language) communication: Translates spoken material into sign language for understanding of
deaf. Interprets sign language of deaf into oral or written language for hearing individuals or
others not conversant in sign language. May translate television news and other broadcasts for
deaf viewers.
137.267-018 TRANSLATOR (profess. & kin.)
Translates documents and other material from one language
to another: Reads material and rewrites material in specified language or languages, following
established rules pertaining to factors, such as word meanings, sentence structure, grammar,
punctuation, and mechanics. May specialize in particular type of material, such as news, legal
documents, or scientific reports and be designated accordingly. May be identified according to
language translated. May represent or spell characters of another alphabet and be designated
Transliterator (profess. & kin.).
139 OCCUPATIONS IN WRITING, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with writing.
139.087-010 CROSSWORD-PUZZLE MAKER (print. & pub.)
Devises and creates crossword puzzles: Draws form setting
up numbered blank squares for insertion of words and black squares to complete design. Fits
words, whose spelling coincides vertically and horizontally, into blank areas and composes short
definitions numbered correspondingly with matching series of blank squares. Sets up filled
puzzle as key to solution. May originate puzzles for specific purposes, such as advertisements or
holiday specialities.
139.167-010 PROGRAM COORDINATOR (amuse. & rec.)
Coordinates activities of amusement park educational
department to present educational scripts during animal performances: Reviews educational
materials to gather information for scripts. Confers with animal trainer to verify format of
performance, and writes script to coincide with performance, or reviews scripts prepared by
department researchers for suggested changes in format. Prepares brochures containing
information, such as time of performances, theme of performances, and map of park facilities.
Reads reservation log to determine information, such as name of visiting groups, size of groups,
and time of arrival. Greets visitors, passes out brochures, answers questions, and escorts visitors
to site of performance. May introduce trainer to audience and present memorized script during
performance over speaker system and be designated Narrator (amuse. & rec.).
14 OCCUPATIONS IN ART This division includes occupations concerned with integrating personal expression, knowledge of subject matter, and art concepts, techniques, and processes to develop ideas and create environments, products, and art works which elicit an emotional or esthetic response. Occupations concerned with teaching are included in Groups 091, 092, and 097. Occupations in performing arts are included in Groups 150, 151, and 152. Occupations in art museums are included in Group 102.
141 COMMERCIAL ARTISTS: DESIGNERS AND ILLUSTRATORS, GRAPHIC ARTS This group includes occupations concerned with designing and executing artwork to promote public consumption of materials, products, or services; influence others in their opinions of individuals or organizations; or illustrate and adorn subject matter. Includes preparing animated cartoons.
141.031-010 ART DIRECTOR (profess. & kin.)
Formulates concepts and supervises workers engaged in
executing layout designs for art work and copy to be presented by visual communications media,
such as magazines, books, newspapers, television, posters, and packaging: Reviews illustrative
material and confers with client or individual responsible for presentation regarding budget,
background information, objectives, presentation approaches, styles, techniques, and related
production factors. Formulates basic layout design concept and conducts research to select and
secure suitable illustrative material, or conceives and assigns production of material and detail to
artists and photographers. Assigns and directs staff members to develop design concepts into art
layouts and prepare layouts for printing. Reviews, approves, and presents final layouts to client
or department head for approval. May perform duties of GRAPHIC DESIGNER (profess. &
kin.) to design art layouts. May mark up, paste up, and finish layouts to prepare layouts for
printing. May draw illustrations. May prepare detailed story board showing sequence and timing
of story development when producing material for television. May specialize in particular field,
media, or type of layout.
141.051-010 COLOR EXPERT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: color consultant; colorist; color specialist
Advises clients relative to fashionable shades and color
combinations in paper, paint, draperies, floor coverings, and other permanent installations for
furnishing interiors of homes, offices, and other commercial establishments.
141.061-010 CARTOONIST (print. & pub.)
Draws cartoons for publications to amuse readers and
interpret or illustrate news highlights, advertising, stories, or articles: Develops personal ideas or
reads written material to develop ideas from context. Discusses ideas with editor or publisher's
representative or sketches cartoon drawing and submits drawing for approval. Makes changes
and corrections as necessary and finishes drawing. May develop and draw comic strips. May be
designated according to type of cartoons drawn as Editorial Cartoonist (print. & pub.); Sports
Cartoonist (print. & pub.).
141.061-014 FASHION ARTIST (retail trade)
Draws or paints apparel and accessory illustrations for
newspaper or related advertisements: Positions garment, accessory, or model to accentuate
desired sales features. Renders drawing of garment or accessory, complementary articles, and
background, using various art media and materials. May use models, props, and settings to
accentuate subject materials. May draw lettering.
141.061-018 GRAPHIC DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: layout artist
Designs art and copy layouts for material to be presented by
visual communications media such as books, magazines, newspapers, television, and packaging:
Studies illustrations and photographs to plan presentation of material, product, or service.
Determines size and arrangement of illustrative material and copy, selects style and size of type,
and arranges layout based upon available space, knowledge of layout principles, and esthetic
design concepts. Draws sample of finished layout and presents sample to ART DIRECTOR
(profess. & kin.) 141.031-010 for approval. Prepares notes and instructions for workers who
assemble and prepare final layouts for printing. Reviews final layout and suggests improvements
as needed. May prepare illustrations or rough sketches of material according to instructions of
client or supervisor. May prepare series of drawings to illustrate sequence and timing of story
development for television production. May mark up, paste, and assemble final layouts to
prepare layouts for printer. May specialize in particular field, medium, or type of layout. May
produce still and animated graphic formats for on-air and taped portions of television news
broadcasts, using electronic video equipment. May photograph layouts, using camera, to make
layout prints for supervisor or client. May develop negatives and prints, using negative and print
developing equipment, tools and work aids to produce layout photographs for client or
supervisor. May key information into computer equipment to create layouts for client or
supervisor.
141.061-022 ILLUSTRATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: artist; commercial artist; graphic artist
Draws or paints illustrations for use by various media to
explain or adorn printed or spoken word: Studies layouts, sketches of proposed illustrations, and
related materials to become familiar with assignment. Determines style, technique, and medium
best suited to produce desired effects and conform with reproduction requirements, or receives
specific instructions regarding these variables. Formulates concept and renders illustration and
detail from models, sketches, memory, and imagination. Discusses illustration at various stages
of completion and makes changes as necessary. May select type, draw lettering, lay out material,
or perform related duties. May be identified according to specific style, technique, medium,
subject material or combination of variables. May draw or paint graphic material and lettering to
be used for title, background, screen advertising, commercial logo, and other visual layouts for
motion picture production and television programming and be designated Title Artist (motion
picture; radio-tv broad.).
141.061-026 ILLUSTRATOR, MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: artist, scientific
Creates illustrations, graphics, and three dimensional models
to demonstrate medical or biological subjects, using variety of artistic techniques: Develops
drawings, paintings, diagrams, and models of medical or biological subjects in fields such as
anatomy, physiology, histology, pathology, or in surgical procedures, for use in publications,
exhibits, consultations, research, and teaching activities. Completes illustrations in pen and ink,
oil, monochromatic wash, watercolor, carbon dust, and mixed media. Constructs or advises in
construction of models in plaster, wax, plastics, and other materials. Devises visual aids, such as
films, video tapes, charts, and computer graphics, to assist in teaching and research programs.
141.061-030 ILLUSTRATOR, SET (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: sketch maker
Plans, develops, and prepares illustrations of scenes and
backgrounds against which action is filmed for use in motion picture or television production:
Reads script, reviews working drawings, conducts research and consults with ART DIRECTOR
(motion picture; radio-tv broad.) to develop illustration ideas. Performs duties of
ILLUSTRATOR (profess. & kin.) to render illustrations.
141.061-034 POLICE ARTIST (government ser.) alternate titles: forensic artist
Sketches likenesses of criminal suspects, according to
descriptions of victims and witnesses, and prepares schematic drawings depicting scenes of
crimes: Interviews crime victims and witnesses to obtain descriptive information concerning
physical build, sex, nationality, facial features, and related characteristics of unidentified suspect.
Prepares series of simple line drawings conforming to description of suspect and presents
drawings to informant for selection of sketch that most resembles suspect. Questions informant
to obtain additional descriptive information and draws and verifies details of features to improve
resemblance of conception to recollection of informant. Measures distances and sketches layout
of crime scene, or develops sketches from photographs and measurements taken at scene of
crime by other police personnel to prepare schematic drawing of scene of crime.
141.061-038 COMMERCIAL DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Creates and designs graphic material for use as
ornamentation, illustration, advertising, or cosmetic on manufactured materials and packaging:
Receives assignment from customer or supervisor. Studies traditional, period, and contemporary
design styles and motifs to obtain perspective. Reviews marketing trends and preferences of
target and related markets. Integrates findings with personal interests, knowledge of design, and
limitations presented by methods and materials. Creates, draws, modifies, and changes design to
achieve desired effect. Confers with customer or supervisor regarding approval or desired
changes to design. May be required to have specialized knowledge of material designed. May
prepare original artwork and design model. May perform related duties, such as fabricating silk
screens, drawing full size patterns, or cutting stencils. May work with specific items, such as
signs, packaging, wallpaper, ceramics, tile, glassware, monograms, crests, emblems, or
embroidery. See INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) 142.061-026 for workers who
design both product form and associated graphic materials.
141.067-010 CREATIVE DIRECTOR (profess. & kin.)
Develops basic presentation approaches and directs layout
design and copy writing for promotional material, such as books, magazines, newspapers,
television, posters, and packaging: Reviews materials and information presented by client and
discusses various production factors to determine most desirable presentation concept. Confers
with heads of art, copy writing, and production departments to discuss client requirements and
scheduling, outline basic presentation concepts, and coordinate creative activities. Reviews and
approves art and copy materials developed by staff and presents final layouts to client for
approval.
141.081-010 CARTOONIST, MOTION PICTURES (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: animated-cartoon artist; animator
Draws animated cartoons for use in motion pictures or
television: Renders series of sequential drawings of characters or other subject material which
when photographed and projected at specific speed becomes animated. May label each section
with designated colors when colors are used. May create and prepare sketches and model
drawings of characters. May prepare successive drawings to portray wind, rain, fire, and similar
effects and be designated Cartoonist, Special Effects (motion picture; radio-tv broad.). May
develop color patterns and moods and paint background layouts to dramatize action for animated
cartoon scenes and be designated Cartoon-Background Artist (motion picture; radio-tv broad.).
141.137-010 PRODUCTION MANAGER, ADVERTISING (profess. & kin.)
Coordinates activities of design, illustration, photography,
pasteup, and typography personnel to prepare advertisements for publication, and supervises
workers engaged in pasting up advertising layouts in art department or studio: Determines
arrangement of art work and photographs and selects style and size of type, considering factors
such as size of advertisement, design, layout, sketches, and method or printing specified. Submits
copy and typography instructions to printing firm or department for typesetting. Reviews proofs
of printed copy for conformance to specifications. Assigns personnel to mount printed copy and
illustration on final layouts, coordinating assignments with completion of art work to ensure that
schedules are maintained. Writes instructions for final margin widths and type sizes, and submits
layout for printing. Examines layout proofs for quality of printing and conformance to layout.
142 ENVIRONMENTAL, PRODUCT, AND RELATED DESIGNERS This group includes occupations concerned with designing or arranging objects and materials to achieve aesthetically pleasing and functional effect for apparel, interiors, and other commercial items.
142.031-014 MANAGER, DISPLAY (retail trade)
Develops advertising displays for window or interior use and
supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in laying out and assembling displays:
Consults with advertising and sales officials to ascertain type of merchandise to be featured and
time and place for each display. Develops layout and selects theme, colors, and props to be used.
Oversees requisitioning and construction of decorative props from such materials as wood,
plastics, paper, and glass. Plans lighting arrangement and selects coloring medium. May design
store fixtures. May prepare sketches or floor plans of proposed displays. May develop
merchandise displays at special exhibits, such as trade shows.
142.051-010 DISPLAY DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: display and banner designer; flag decorator and designer
Designs displays, using paper, cloth, plastic, and other
material to decorate streets, fairgrounds, buildings, and other places for celebrations, fairs, and
special occasions: Confers with client regarding budget, theme, materials, colors, emblem styles,
and related factors. Plans display and sketches rough design for client's approval. Selects stock
decorations or directs construction according to design concepts. May construct decorations.
May direct and supervise workers who put up decorations. May design, draw, paint, or sketch
backgrounds and fixtures made of wood, cardboard, paper, plaster, canvas, or other material for
use in windows or interior displays and be designated Display Artist (profess. & kin.). May
specialize in designing outdoor displays and be designated Display Designer, Outside (profess. &
kin.).
142.051-014 INTERIOR DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and furnishes interior environments of
residential, commercial, and industrial buildings: Confers with client to determine architectural
preferences, purpose and function of environment, budget, types of construction, equipment to be
installed, and other factors which affect planning interior environments. Integrates findings with
knowledge of interior design and formulates environmental plan to be practical, esthetic, and
conducive to intended purposes, such as raising productivity, selling merchandise, or improving
life style of occupants. Advises client on interior design factors, such as space planning, layout
and utilization of furnishings and equipment, color schemes, and color coordination. Renders
design ideas in form of paste ups, drawings, or illustrations, estimates material requirements and
costs, and presents design to client for approval. Selects or designs and purchases furnishings, art
works, and accessories. Subcontracts fabrication, installation, and arrangement of carpeting,
fixtures, accessories, draperies, paint and wall coverings, art work, furniture, and related items.
May plan and design interior environments for boats, planes, buses, trains, and other enclosed
spaces. May specialize in particular field, style, or phase of interior design. May specialize in
decorative aspects of interior design and be designated Interior Decorator (profess. & kin.).
142.061-010 BANK-NOTE DESIGNER (government ser.)
Designs engraving plate for printing government securities,
such as currency, stamps, and bonds, according to preliminary drawings and knowledge of
engraving and printing techniques: Examines preliminary sketch of design from government
agency desiring to issue new or modified design. Modifies design to conform with technical
characteristics and limitations of reproduction, engraving, and printing equipment and to
introduce design elements to discourage counterfeiting, using drawing instruments. Selects or
suggests colored inks pleasing to eye, consistent with dignity of security and need to discourage
counterfeiting. Confers with representatives of issuing agency to obtain design approval. May
originate designs and design suggestions for securities.
142.061-014 CLOTH DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: cloth pattern maker; pattern designer; textile stylist
Originates designs for fabrication of cloth, specifying weave
pattern, color, and gauge of thread, to create new fabrics according to functional requirements
and fashion preferences of consumers: Develops new ideas for fabrics, utilizing knowledge of
textiles and fashion trends. Consults with technical and merchandising staff to obtain design
ideas, and to estimate consumer acceptance of new types of fabrics. Sketches designs for patterns
on graph paper, using water colors, brushes, pens, and rulers, or prepares written instructions to
specify details, such as finish, color, and construction of fabric. Examines fabricated sample on
loom and modifies design as required. May be designated according to product designed as Rug
Designer (carpet & rug); Woven-Label Designer (narrow fabrics).
142.061-018 FASHION DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: clothes designer
Designs men's, women's, and children's clothing and
accessories: Analyzes fashion trends and predictions, confers with sales and management
executives, compares leather, fabrics, and other apparel materials, and integrates findings with
personal interests, tastes, and knowledge of design to create new designs for clothing, shoes,
handbags, and other accessories. Sketches rough and detailed drawings of apparel and writes
specifications describing factors, such as color scheme, construction, and type of material to be
used. Confers with and coordinates activities of workers who draw and cut patterns and construct
garments to fabricate sample garment. Examines sample garment on and off model and modifies
design as necessary to achieve desired effect. May draw pattern for article designed, using
measuring and drawing instruments. May cut patterns. May construct sample, using sewing
equipment. May arrange for showing of sample garments at sales meetings or fashion shows.
May attend fashion and fabric shows to observe new fashions and materials. May be identified
according to specific group designed for, such as men, women, or children or areas of
specialization, such as sportswear, coats, dresses, suits, lingerie, or swimwear. May design
custom garments for clients and be designated Custom Garment Designer (retail trade). May
conduct research and design authentic period, country, or social class costumes to be worn by
film, television, concert, stage, and other performers and be designated Costume Designer
(profess. & kin.). May design, fabricate, repair, and sell leather articles and be designated Leather
Crafter (leather prod.). May design, copy, or modify clothing accessories and be designated
according to article designed as Handbag Designer (leather prod.); Hat Designer (hat & cap); or
Shoe Designer (boot & shoe).
142.061-022 FURNITURE DESIGNER (furniture)
Designs furniture for manufacture, according to knowledge of
design trends, offerings of competition, production costs, capability of production facilities, and
characteristics of company's market: Confers with production, design, and sales personnel to
obtain design suggestions and customer orders. Evaluates orders and proposals to determine
feasibility of producing item. Sketches freehand design of article. Obtains approval from
customer, design committee, or authorized company officials, and originates scale or full size
drawing, using drawing instruments. Prepares itemized production requirements to produce item.
Traces drawing on material for use in production of blueprints, using drawing instruments.
Prepares or directs preparation of blueprints containing manufacturing specifications, such as
dimensions, kind of wood, and upholstery fabrics to be used in manufacturing article. Attends
staff conference with plant personnel to explain and resolve production requirements. May
design and prepare detailed drawings of jigs, fixtures, forms, or tools required to be used in
production. May plan modifications for completed furniture to conform to changes in design
trends and increase customer acceptance. May design custom pieces or styles according to
specific period or country. May build or oversee construction of models or prototypes. May
design fixtures and equipment, such as counters and display cases, and be designated Fixture
Designer (furniture).
142.061-026 INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Originates and develops ideas to design the form of
manufactured products: Reads publications, attends showings, and consults with engineering,
marketing, production, and sales representatives to establish design concepts. Evaluates design
ideas based on factors such as appealing appearance, design-function relationships,
serviceability, materials and methods engineering, application, budget, price, production costs,
methods of production, market characteristics, and client specifications. Integrates findings and
concepts and sketches design ideas. Presents design to client or design committee and discusses
need for modification and change. May design product packaging and graphics for advertising.
May build simulated model, using hand and power tools and various materials. May prepare
illustrations. May prepare or coordinate preparation of working drawings from sketches and
design specifications. May design products for custom applications. May be required to have
specialized product knowledge. Usually specializes in specific product or type of product
including, but not limited to hardware, motor vehicle exteriors and interiors, scientific
instruments, industrial equipment, luggage, jewelry, housewares, toys, or novelties and is
designated accordingly.
142.061-030 MEMORIAL DESIGNER (stonework)
Designs and builds plaster models of monuments, statues, and
memorials: Interviews customer to obtain information regarding size, style, and motif of
memorial. Draws sketches and detailed plans of memorial according to customer's suggestions.
Casts plaster block and carves design in block, using chisels, mallets, knives, and files to form
model of memorial. Routes finished model and work order specifications to STONE CARVER
(stonework). May draw detailed sketches or plans of family burial plots. May build models of
cemeteries used as displays.
142.061-034 ORNAMENTAL-METALWORK DESIGNER (struct. metal) alternate titles: art-metal designer
Designs ornamental metal items, such as grills, lattice work,
statuary, railings, displays, plaques, and light fixtures, and tooling for fabrication, utilizing
knowledge of properties of metal, fabrication techniques, principles of design, and artistic talent:
Analyzes sketches or observes and measures physical surroundings prior to installation. Selects
designs from pattern book, alters or originates designs according to customer specifications.
Draws detail sketches and prescribes fabricating techniques. Forges tools, such as peening
hammers, bending jigs, and scroll forms, using forge, machine tools, welding equipment, and
hand forming tools. May sculpture plastic patterns to form molding castings. Builds products
from original design or working models [ORNAMENTAL-METAL WORKER (metal prod.,
nec)]. May prescribe colors for painted parts.
142.061-038 SAFETY-CLOTHING-AND-EQUIPMENT DEVELOPER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: protective-clothing-and-equipment specialist
Designs safety clothing and equipment to protect personnel
against hazards, such as fire and toxic fumes: Consults with employers and technical personnel to
determine safety problem involved. Designs clothing and equipment, such as suits, helmets, and
gloves, incorporating such devices as mechanical breathing apparatus and communication
systems to meet specific hazards. Drafts pattern of garment parts on pattern paper in full scale,
using ruler, drawing instruments, and pattern blocks, and cuts material to make first pattern.
Gives instructions to workers engaged in cutting material and assembling sample garment. May
estimate cost of production.
142.061-042 SET DECORATOR (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Selects decorations and coordinates activities of workers who
decorate sets for motion picture or television production: Reads script to determine decoration
requirements. Selects furniture, draperies, pictures, lamps, and rugs for decorative quality and
appearance on film. Gives directions to GRIP (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) in placing items
on set. Examines dressed sets to ensure props and scenery do not interfere with movements of
cast or view of camera.
142.061-046 SET DESIGNER (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Designs motion picture or television production sets, signs,
props, or scenic effects, and prepares scale drawings for use in construction, modification, or
alteration: Confers with ART DIRECTOR (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) 142.061-062 and
reviews illustrations to determine set requirements and discuss preliminary design ideas.
Integrates requirements and concepts to conceive set design. Prepares rough draft and scale
working drawings of set [DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Presents drawings for
approval and makes changes and corrections as directed. May design miniature motion picture or
television production sets used in filming backgrounds, titles, and special effects and be
designated Miniature Set Designer (motion picture; radio-tv broad.). May purchase construction
materials and ready made props to ensure availability for use by freelance workers. May schedule
times television production sets and props are to be used, and coordinate setup and storage of
television production sets and props.
142.061-050 SET DESIGNER (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: scenic designer; theatrical-scenic designer
Designs sets for theatrical productions: Confers with play's
director regarding interpretation and set requirements. Conducts research to determine
appropriate architectural and furnishing styles. Integrates requirements, interpretation, research,
design concepts, and practical considerations regarding factors, such as mobility,
interchangeability, and budget to plan sets. Renders drawing or illustration of design concept,
estimates costs, and presents drawing for approval. Prepares working drawings of floor plan,
front elevation, scenery, and properties to be constructed. Prepares charts to indicate where items,
such as curtains and borders are to be hung. Oversees building of sets, furniture, and properties.
May build scale models from cardboard, plaster, or sponge. May design stage lighting to achieve
dramatic or decorative effects.
142.061-054 STAINED GLASS ARTIST (profess. & kin.)
Creates original stained glass designs and artwork, draws
cartoons (full size working drawings), and prepares glass for fabrication into windows, art
objects, and other decorative articles: Consults client regarding theme and subject to be
portrayed. Studies style of building architecture and shape of windows to plan conforming
design. Integrates knowledge of glass cutting, stresses, portraiture, symbolism, heraldry,
ornamental styles, and related factors with functional requirements to conceptualize design idea.
Renders illustration of design and detail, estimates costs, and presents to client for approval.
Prepares full size, detailed color cartoon indicating size, shape, shading, and detail of individual
glass pieces. Transfers cartoon into pattern, selects colored glass, and cuts glass according to
pattern. Assembles cut pieces into design pattern and waxes pieces in place to secure glass for
painting. Paints artwork and detail on glass, using artist's brushes and ground glass mixed with
enamel, and copper or iron oxide. Stains back of glass pieces prior to or after firing. Fires glass to
fuse and stabilize colors. May assemble, lead, and solder finished glass to fabricate designed
article. May install finished window in window frame or door. May restore damaged or broken
stained glass objects. May only design, paint, or draw cartoons.
142.061-058 EXHIBIT DESIGNER (museums)
Plans, designs, and oversees construction and installation of
permanent and temporary exhibits and displays: Confers with administrative, curatorial, and
exhibit staff members to determine theme, content, interpretative or informational purpose, and
planned location of exhibit, to discuss budget, promotion, and time limitations, and to plan
production schedule for fabrication and installation of exhibit components. Prepares preliminary
drawings of proposed exhibit, including detailed construction, layout, and special effect diagrams
and material specifications, for final drawing rendition by other personnel, basing design and
specifications on knowledge of artistic and technical concepts, principles, and techniques.
Submits plan for approval, and adapts plan as needed to serve intended purpose or to conform to
budget or fabrication restrictions. Oversees preparation of artwork and construction of exhibit
components to ensure intended interpretation of concepts and conformance to structural and
material specifications. Arranges for acquisition of specimens or graphics or building of exhibit
structures by outside contractors as needed to complete exhibit. Inspects installed exhibit for
conformance to specifications and satisfactory operation of special effects components. Oversees
placement of collection objects or informational materials in exhibit framework.
142.061-062 ART DIRECTOR (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Formulates design concepts, selects locations and settings,
and directs and coordinates set design, construction, and erection activities to produce sets for
motion picture and television productions: Reads script and confers with heads of production and
direction to establish budget, schedules, and determine setting requirement. Conducts research
and consults experts to establish architectural styles which accurately depict given periods and
locations. Conducts search for suitable locations and constructed sets. Assigns assistants and
staff members to complete design ideas and prepare sketches, illustrations, and detailed drawings
of sets. Directs design and production of graphics or animation to produce graphics or animation
for on-air programs. Estimates construction costs and presents plans and estimates for approval.
Directs and coordinates set construction, erection, and decoration activities to ensure that they
conform to design, budget, and schedule requirements. Reviews budget and expenditures reports
to monitor costs. May make rough drawings of design concepts. May formulate design concepts
for costumes, makeup, photographic effects, titles, and related production items.
142.081-010 FLORAL DESIGNER (retail trade) alternate titles: florist
Designs and fashions live, cut, dried, and artificial floral and
foliar arrangements for events, such as holidays, anniversaries, weddings, balls, and funerals:
Confers with client regarding price and type of arrangement desired. Plans arrangement
according to client's requirements and costs, utilizing knowledge of design and properties of
materials, or selects appropriate standard design pattern. Selects flora and foliage necessary for
arrangement. Trims material and arranges bouquets, sprays, wreaths, dish gardens, terrariums,
and other items, using wire, pins, floral tape, foam, trimmers, cutters, shapers, and other
materials and tools. May decorate buildings, halls, churches, or other facilities where events are
planned. May pack and wrap completed arrangements. May estimate costs and price
arrangements. May conduct classes or demonstrations. May instruct and direct other workers.
May arrange according to standard designs or under instruction of designer and be designated
Floral Arranger (retail trade).
142.081-014 FUR DESIGNER (fur goods)
Designs or redesigns custom and commercial fur garments:
Analyzes fashion trends and predictions and confers with client or sales and management
executives regarding design ideas. Sketches design on paper to make or restyle garment, utilizing
knowledge of various kinds of fur, techniques for handling fur, and fashion trends. Obtains
customer measurements, using tape measure. Draws pattern on paper according to customer
measurements and cuts out pattern. Lays pattern on canvas and cuts out material, using scissors.
Sews together sections of canvas to form mockup of garment. Fits mockup on customer and
makes necessary alterations. Directs workers engaged in cutting and sewing garment. Examines
completed garments for defects. May estimate cost of restyling or of making new garment.
142.081-018 PACKAGE DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Designs containers for products, such as foods, beverages,
toiletries, cigarettes, and medicines: Confers with representatives of engineering, marketing,
management, and other departments to determine packaging requirements and type of product
market. Sketches design of container for specific product, considering factors, such as
convenience in handling and storing, distinctiveness for identification by consumer, and
simplicity to minimize production costs. Renders design, including exterior markings and labels,
using paints and brushes. Typically fabricates model in paper, wood, glass, plastic, or metal,
depending on material to be used in package. Makes changes or modifications required by
approving authority.
142.281-010 COPYIST (garment)
Gathers information on current trends in garment styling and
sketches representations of competitors' garments, such as dresses, coats, and trousers: Attends
garment fashion shows, concerts, and other public activities and reviews garment magazines and
manuals to obtain information concerning style trends, consumer preferences, and price ranges.
Sketches garments in pencil, crayon, or other medium to illustrate such details as garment style
and type of fabric. May design original garments, incorporating features of observed garments.
143 OCCUPATIONS IN PHOTOGRAPHY This group includes occupations concerned with photographing people, events, fictionalized scenes, materials, and products with still or motion-picture cameras. Includes conceiving artistic photographic effects and arranging and preparing subject matter.
143.062-010 DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: camera operator, first; camera operator, head; cinematographer
Plans, directs, and coordinates motion picture filming:
Confers with DIRECTOR, MOTION PICTURE (motion picture) regarding interpretation of
scene and desired effects. Observes set or location and reviews drawings and other information
relating to natural or artificial conditions to determine filming and lighting requirements. Reads
charts and computes ratios to determine required lighting, film, shutter angles, filter factors,
camera distance, depth of field and focus, angles of view, and other variables to produce desired
effects. Confers with ELECTRICIAN, CHIEF (motion picture) to establish lighting
requirements. Selects cameras, accessories, equipment, and film stock, utilizing knowledge of
filming techniques, filming requirements, and computations. Instructs camera operators
regarding camera setup, angles, distances, movement, and other variables and signals cues for
starting and stopping filming. Surveys set or location for potential problems, observes effects of
lighting, measures lighting levels, and coordinates necessary changes prior to filming. Views
film after processing and makes adjustments, as necessary, to achieve desired effects. May direct
television productions which utilize electronic cameras. May specialize in special effects and be
designated Director Of Photography, Special Effects (motion picture; radio-tv broad.).
143.062-014 PHOTOGRAPHER, AERIAL (profess. & kin.)
Photographs segments of earth and other subject material
from aircraft to produce pictures used in surveying, mapping, volumetric surveying, or related
purposes, such as recording effects of pollution or natural disasters, determining condition of
crops and timberland, and planning cities or other large scale projects: Sets up and mounts
camera in aircraft. Confers with pilot regarding plotted course, speed, altitude, and area to be
photographed. Communicates with pilot during flight to ensure adherence to flight plan or make
adjustments to equipment to compensate for changes. Calculates number of exposures and time
lapse between them, using standard formulas to determine requirements for adequate area
coverage. Adjusts camera shutter speed, lens aperture opening, and focus. Adjusts automatic
exposure interval on camera equipped with time lapse control or times intervals with stopwatch
and manually trips shutter. Maintains camera in level position and oriented to flight path when
making photographs for mapping or surveying. May match individual photographs to form
terrain map of photographed area.
143.062-018 PHOTOGRAPHER, APPRENTICE (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: commercial photographer apprentice; portrait photographer apprentice
Performs duties as described under APPRENTICE (any
industry) Master Title.
143.062-022 CAMERA OPERATOR (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Photographs various subjects and subject material, using
motion picture, television broadcasting, or video recording cameras and equipment, utilizing
knowledge of motion picture, television broadcasting, or video recording techniques, limitations,
and advantages to photograph scenes: Resolves problems presented by exposure control, subject
and camera movement, changes in subject distance during filming, and related variables. May
receive directives from PRODUCER (radio-tv broad.) 159.117-010 or DIRECTOR,
TELEVISION (radio-tv broad.) 159.067-014 over headset. May set up and operate dollies,
cranes, camera mounting heads, power zooms, and related motion picture, television
broadcasting, or video recording equipment and accessories. May maintain or repair equipment
and accessories. May specialize in particular subject material or field, such as medical, scientific,
news, or commercial. May photograph action on motion picture or television sets and locations,
using shoulder held camera, and be designated Camera Operator, Second (motion picture;
radio-tv broad.) or photograph special effects and be designated Camera Operator, Special
Effects (motion picture; radio-tv broad.). May specialize in operation of television cameras and
be designated Camera Operator, Television (radio-tv broad.). May specialize in operation of
motion picture cameras and be designated Photographer, Motion Picture (motion picture).
143.062-026 PHOTOGRAPHER, SCIENTIFIC (profess. & kin.)
Photographs variety of subject material to illustrate or record
scientific data or phenomena, utilizing knowledge of scientific procedures and photographic
technology and techniques: Plans methods and procedures for photographing subject material
and setup of equipment required, such as microscopes, telescopes, infrared or ultraviolet lighting,
and x ray. Sets up and positions camera for photographing material or subject. Trips shutter to
expose film. May prepare microscope slides. May make photographic copies of fragile
documents and other material. May engage in research to develop new photographic procedures,
methods, and materials. May process film and photographic paper to produce transparencies,
prints, slides, and motion picture film. Usually specializes in specific field, such as chemistry,
biology, medicine, metallurgy, physiology, astronomy, aerodynamics, ballistics, or engineering
and is designated accordingly.
143.062-030 PHOTOGRAPHER, STILL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: commercial photographer
Photographs subjects, using still cameras, color or
black-and-white film, and variety of photographic accessories: Selects and assembles equipment
according to subject material, anticipated conditions, and knowledge of function and limitations
of various types of cameras, lenses, films, and accessories. Views subject and setting and plans
composition, camera position, and camera angle to produce desired effect. Arranges subject
material, poses subject, or maneuvers into position to take candid photo. Estimates or measures
light level, using light meter or creates artificial lighting with flash units, lights, and lighting
equipment. Adjusts lens aperture and shutter speed based on combination of factors, such as
lighting, depth of field, subject motion, and film speed. Determines subject-to-lens distance,
using tape measure, range finder, ground glass, or reflex viewing system to adjust focus.
Positions camera and trips shutter to expose film. May calculate variables, such as exposure time,
exposure interval, filter effect, and color temperature using tables, standard formulas, and
mechanical or electronic measuring instruments. May make adjustments to camera, lens, or
equipment to compensate for factors, such as distorted perspective and parallax. May design,
build, arrange, or secure properties and settings to be used as background for subject material.
May direct activities of other workers. May mix chemicals, process film and photographic paper,
and make contact and enlarged prints. May spot and retouch prints and negatives. May conceive
and plan photographic sequence for effective presentation. May specialize in particular type of
photography, such as illustrative, fashion, architectural, or portrait. May be required to have
detailed knowledge of use and characteristics of various types of film, including specialty films,
such as infrared.
143.062-034 PHOTOJOURNALIST (print. & pub.; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: photographer, news
Photographs newsworthy events, locations, people, or other
illustrative or educational material for use in publications or telecasts, using still cameras:
Travels to assigned location and takes pictures. Develops negatives and prints film. Submits
negatives and pictures to editorial personnel. Usually specializes in one phase of photography, as
news, sports, special features, or as freelance photographer.
143.260-010 OPTICAL-EFFECTS-CAMERA OPERATOR (motion picture)
Sets up and operates optical printers and related equipment to
produce fades, dissolves, superimpositions, and other optical effects required in motion pictures,
applying knowledge of optical effects printing and photography: Reads work order and count
sheet to ascertain optical effects specifications and location of subject material on original
photography film. Analyzes specifications to determine work procedures, sequence of operations,
and machine setup, using knowledge of optical effects techniques and procedures. Loads camera
of optical effects printer with magazine of unexposed film stock. Mounts original photography
film in transport and masking mechanism of optical-printer projector and moves film into
designated position for optical effect, using counter and film markings to determine placement.
Adjusts camera position, lens position, mask opening, lens aperture, focus, shutter angle, film
transport speed, and related controls, using precision measuring instruments and knowledge of
optical effects techniques to determine settings. Selects designated color and neutral density
filters and mounts in filter holder to control light and intensity. Sets controls in automatic or
manual mode, moves control to start camera, and observes printer operation and footage counter
during filming. Adjusts controls during filming operation when operating in manual mode, and
stops camera when designated counter reading is observed. Moves controls to rewind camera
film and original photography film and repeats select portions or entire operation number of
times necessary to produce designated effect. Sets up and operates animation and matte cameras
and related equipment to photograph artwork, such as titles and painted mattes. Sets up and
operates single pass optical printers when enlarging or reducing film or performing related
operations. Sets up and operates subtitle camera and related equipment to photograph film
subtitles. Examines frames of film exposed with different combinations of color filters (wedges)
to select optimum color balance based on experience and judgment.
143.362-010 BIOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Photographs medical, biological, and allied phenomena to
provide illustrations for scientific publications, records, and research and teaching activities:
Makes still and motion picture reproductions of patients, anatomical structures, gross and
microscopic specimens, plant and animal tissues, and physiological and pathological processes.
Makes copies of x rays and similar materials, utilizing photographic techniques, such as
time-lapse and ultraspeed pictures, and ultraviolet or infrared light to produce visible record of
normally invisible phenomena. Processes photosensitive materials to make transparencies,
lantern slides, photomontages, and color prints. Engages in research activities related to
biological photography and presentation of scientific data. May design special equipment and
processing formulas. May specialize in a particular technique, such as cinematography, color
photography, or photomicrography. May specialize in a particular field, such as medicine, and be
designated Medical Photographer (medical ser.).
143.362-014 OPHTHALMIC PHOTOGRAPHER (medical ser.)
Photographs medical phenomena of eye to document
diseases, surgeries, treatments, and congenital problems, to aid OPHTHALMOLOGIST (medical
ser.) 070.101-058 in diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders: Focuses specialized microscope
and cameras to take two- and three-dimensional photographs of external, anterior, and posterior
segments of eye. Monitors patient's gaze through lens of microscope and camera to ensure that
patient complies with instructions to obtain desired results. Selects filters to modify light. Injects
contrast medium into vein of patient and photographs fluorescent dye as it flows through retina
or iris vessels to obtain angiogram of eye. Develops exposed film, and mounts and labels slides
for inclusion on patient's medical chart. May photograph eye to document research studies.
143.382-010 CAMERA OPERATOR, ANIMATION (motion picture)
Operates special camera to make animated cartoon motion
picture films: Places background drawing on horizontal easel over which camera is suspended.
Positions transparent celluloid slide on which animation has been drawn over background and
covers it with glass plate. Exposes frame of motion picture film and repeats process, using next
drawing in animation sequence. Regulates exposure and aperture to obtain special effects, such
as fade out or fade-ins.
143.382-014 PHOTOGRAPHER, FINISH (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: photo-finish photographer
Operates photographic equipment to photograph finish of
horse race: Loads film into camera and advances to picture taking position. Sights camera on
finish line and adjusts exposure controls and focus. Observes race and starts camera as horses
approach finish line. Stops camera after last horse has crossed finish line. Removes exposed film
from camera and places it into film-developing machine that automatically develops film. Prints
and enlarges photographs used to determine winner of race when finish is close.
143.457-010 PHOTOGRAPHER (amuse. & rec.)
Persuades nightclub and restaurant patrons to pose for
pictures and operates camera to photograph them: Carries camera and flashbulb equipment to
tables and solicits customers' patronage. Adjusts camera and photographs customers. Takes
exposed film to darkroom on premises for immediate processing by DEVELOPER
(photofinishing). Returns to customers with finished photographs or proofs and writes orders for
additional prints selected. Receives payment for photographs. May use camera which produces
instant picture.
144 FINE ARTISTS: PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with creating fine arts works whose primary purpose is to be viewed for esthetic content. The major factor distinguishing occupations in this group from those in commercial art is the retention of responsibility for selection of theme, subject matter, medium, and manner of execution.
144.061-010 PAINTER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: artist
Paints variety of original subject material, such as landscapes,
portraits, still lifes, and abstracts, using watercolors, oils, acrylics, tempera, or other paint
medium: Conceives and develops ideas for painting, based on assignment, personality, interests,
and knowledge of painting methods and techniques. Applies color medium to canvas or other
surface, using brushes, pallet knives, and various other artist's tools and equipment. Integrates
and develops visual elements, such as line, space, mass, color, and perspective to produce desired
effect. May make preliminary sketch of painting. May coat finished painting with varnish or
other preservative. May paint in particular style, such as realism, impressionism, naturalism, or
regionalism. May specialize in particular media, or subject material. May teach painting
[TEACHER, ART (education)]. May work in other art mediums, such as etching, drawing, or
sculpture. May be identified according to specialization, style, media, technique, or subject
matter. May paint scenic backgrounds, murals, portraiture, and other items for use on motion
picture and television production sets and be designated Scenic Artist (motion picture; radio-tv
broad.).
144.061-014 PRINTMAKER (profess. & kin.)
Conceives and develops drawings and other art work and
prepares printmaking medium used to print fine arts graphics: Determines printmaking method,
such as recessed (intaglio), raised (relief), or flat (lithograph), which will be most effective to
reproduce conceived art work. Renders art work on stone, metal, wood, linoleum, or other
material, using various tools, procedures, and processes to etch, engrave, carve, paint, draw, or
perform some similar operation, utilizing knowledge of art and printing to prepare image capable
of being transferred. Inks surface of medium and transfers image to paper, using hand or machine
press. Examines proofs and makes corrections to art work, if necessary. Approves and signs final
proof. May prepare preliminary sketches. May use photographic or silk screen process to produce
image. May use any suitable textured surface for printmaking medium. May use more than one
process on single graphic. May print entire edition or instruct other workers to print it. May teach
printmaking.
144.061-018 SCULPTOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: statue maker
Designs and constructs three-dimensional art works, utilizing
any combination of mediums, methods, and techniques: Carves objects from stone, concrete,
plaster, wood, or other material, using abrasives, chisels, gouges, mallets, and other handtools
and power tools. Models plastic substance, such as clay or wax, using fingers and small
handtools to form objects which may be cast in bronze or concrete, or fired to harden objects.
Constructs artistic forms from metal or stone, using metalworking, welding, or masonry tools
and equipment. Cuts, bends, laminates, arranges, and fastens individual or mixed raw and
manufactured materials and products to form art works. Usually works under contract or
commission. May teach sculpturing [TEACHER, ART (education)]. May specialize in one
technique or medium and be identified accordingly.
149 OCCUPATIONS IN ART, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with art.
149.021-010 TEACHER, ART (education) alternate titles: art instructor
Instructs pupils in art, such as painting, sketching, designing,
and sculpturing: Prepares lesson plans and establishes course goals. Selects books and art
supplies for courses. Demonstrates method and procedure to pupils. Observes and evaluates
pupils' work to determine student progress or to make suggestions for improvement. Confers
with student, parent, and counselor to resolve student problem. Accompanies students on field
trips to museums or art galleries. May specialize in teaching one or more areas of art, such as
illustration, art history, or commercial art. May direct planning and supervision of student
contests and arranging of art exhibits. May teach students with disabilities. May be required to
have certification from state. May be designated according to subject taught as Instructor,
Illustration (education); Instructor, Industrial Design (education).
149.031-010 SUPERVISOR, SCENIC ARTS (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Creates layouts of scenery and backdrops for motion picture
and television sets according to instructions, and supervises and coordinates activities of artists
who paint them: Confers with ART DIRECTOR (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) 142.061-062
regarding details of background against which action is to be photographed. Directs preparation
of sketches and designs or assigns work based on illustrations received from ART DIRECTOR
(motion picture; radio-tv broad.). Computes amount of surface to be covered by specific color
scheme in proportion to its application in scene. Requisitions paint and materials. Estimates costs
of paints and other materials, using price lists and records of previous productions, to prepare
budget. Estimates number of workers and time required to complete project. May prepare
sketches or work drawings, including coloring details of scenery.
149.041-010 QUICK SKETCH ARTIST (amuse. & rec.)
Sketches likeness of customers: Poses subject to accentuate
most pleasing features and draws likeness, using pencil, charcoal, pastels, or other medium. May
draw sketch from photograph. May only draw exaggerated likenesses and be designated
Caricaturist (amuse. & rec.). May be identified according to medium worked in.
149.051-010 SILHOUETTE ARTIST (amuse. & rec.)
Cuts silhouettes of customers: Poses subject to present
pleasing profile and cuts freehand outline of profile from paper (silhouette). Glues silhouette on
paper of contrasting color or mounts silhouette in frame or folder. May draw profile prior to
cutting it. May cut profile from photograph. May use strong lights adjusted to cast subject's
shadow on backdrop as aid in viewing subject's profile.
149.061-010 AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTION SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: instructional technology specialist
Plans and produces audio, visual, and audiovisual material for
communication and learning: Develops production ideas based on assignment or generates own
ideas based on objectives and personal interest. Conducts research or utilizes knowledge and
training to determine format, approach, content, level, and medium which will be most effective,
meet objectives, and remain within budget. Plans and develops, or directs assistants to develop,
preproduction ideas into outlines, scripts, continuity, story boards, and graphics. Executes, or
directs assistants to execute, rough and finished graphics and graphic designs. Locates and
secures settings, properties, effects, and other production necessities. Directs and coordinates
activities of assistants and other personnel during production. May review, evaluate, and direct
modifications to material produced independently by other personnel. May set up, adjust, and
operate equipment, such as cameras, sound mixers, and recorders during production. May
perform narration or present announcements. May construct and place in position properties,
sets, lighting equipment, and other equipment. May develop manuals, texts, workbooks, or
related materials for use in conjunction with production materials. May conduct training sessions
on selection, use, and design of audiovisual materials, and operation of presentation equipment.
May perform duties listed under DIRECTOR, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL (education)
099.167-018.
149.261-010 EXHIBIT ARTIST (museums)
Produces artwork for use in permanent or temporary exhibit
settings of museum, zoo, or similar establishment, performing any combination of following
duties to prepare exhibit setting and accessories for installation: Confers with professional
museum personnel to discuss objectives of exhibits and type of artwork needed. Makes scale
drawing of exhibit design, indicating size, position, and general outlines of artwork needed for
use of installation and other fabrication personnel. Paints scenic, panoramic, or abstract
composition on canvas, board, burlap, or other material to be used as background or component
of exhibit, following layout prepared by designer. Paints or stencils exhibit titles and legends on
boards, or cuts letters from plastic or plywood to form title and legend copy, and mounts letters
on panel or board, using adhesives or handtools. Photographs persons, artifacts, scenes, plants, or
other objects, and develops negatives to obtain prints to be used in exhibits. Enlarges, intensifies,
or otherwise modifies prints, according to exhibit design specifications. Fashions exhibit
accessories, such as human figures, tree parts, or relief maps, from clay, plastic, wood, fiberglass,
papier mache, or other materials, using hands, handtools, or molding equipment to cut, carve,
scrape, mold, or otherwise shape material to specified dimensions. Brushes or sprays protective
or decorative finish on completed background panels, informational legends, and exhibit
accessories. Maintains files of photographs, paintings, and accessories for use in exhibits.
149.281-010 FURNITURE REPRODUCER (furniture)
Prepares working drawings and templates of antique or
custom furniture to facilitate reproduction: Draws sketches of piece, freehand or with drawing
instruments. Measures piece with rule and calipers and notes dimensions on drawing. Makes
detailed drawing of joints, carvings, and milled sections for shop use [DRAFTER (profess. &
kin.)]. Traces or draws outlines of parts on plywood or cardboard and cuts out part along outline
to make template. Marks templates to indicate name of part, type of construction, variety of
wood, and finish. May make drawings from pictures when models are not available.
15 OCCUPATIONS IN ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION This division includes occupations concerned with amusing, diverting, or informing others by such means as sound or physical movement. Includes teaching these skills (except occupations in primary, secondary, and vocational schools which are included in Groups 091, 092, and 097).
150 OCCUPATIONS IN DRAMATICS This group includes occupations concerned with interpreting roles to audiences in dramatic productions or readings.
150.027-010 DRAMATIC COACH (profess. & kin.)
Coaches performers in acting techniques: Conducts reading to
evaluate performer's acting ability. Adapts training methods to improve and develop performer's
competence. Coaches performers in camera or stage techniques, script analysis, voice projection,
and character interpretation, to prepare them for stage, motion picture, or television production.
Advises clients regarding wardrobe, grooming, and audition methods, to prepare them for
professional contacts. May be designated according to area of specialization as Screen Coach
(profess. & kin.); Theater Coach (profess. & kin.).
150.027-014 TEACHER, DRAMA (education) alternate titles: instructor, dramatic arts; teacher, dramatics; teacher, theater arts
Teaches acting principles and techniques to individuals or
groups: Conducts readings to evaluate student's talent. Adapts course of study and training
methods to meet student's need and ability. Teaches enunciation, diction, voice development, and
dialects, using voice exercises, speech drills, explanation, lectures, and improvisation. Discusses
and demonstrates vocal and body expression to teach acting styles, character development, and
personality projection. Produces and directs plays for school and public performances. Auditions
students to select cast and assign parts. Rehearses and drills students to ensure they master parts.
Assigns nonperforming students to backstage production tasks, such as constructing, painting,
moving scenery, operating stage light, and sound equipment. May direct activities of students
involved in constructing, painting, and lighting scenery. May teach elements of stagecraft, stage
makeup, costume craft, play writing, or play direction.
150.047-010 ACTOR (amuse. & rec.)
Portrays role in dramatic production to interpret character or
present characterization to audience: Rehearses part to learn lines and cues as directed. Interprets
serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience for
stage, motion picture, television, radio, or other media production. May write or adapt own
material. May dance and sing. May direct self and others in production [DIRECTOR, MOTION
PICTURE (motion picture); DIRECTOR, STAGE (amuse. & rec.)]. May read from script or
book, utilizing minimum number of stage properties and relying mainly on changes of voice and
inflection to hold audience's attention and be designated Dramatic Reader (amuse. & rec.). May
be designated according to gender of worker or type of role portrayed as Actress (amuse. & rec.);
Character Actor (amuse. & rec.); Character Actress (amuse. & rec.); Ingenue (amuse. & rec.);
Juvenile (amuse. & rec.).
150.067-010 DIRECTOR, STAGE (amuse. & rec.)
Interprets script, directs technicians, and conducts rehearsals
to create stage presentation: Confers with PLAYWRIGHT (profess. & kin.) and PRODUCER
(amuse. & rec.) to discuss script changes. Confers with MANAGER, STAGE (amuse. & rec.) to
coordinate production plans. Rehearses cast in individual roles to elicit best possible
performance. Suggests changes, such as voice and movement, to develop performance based on
script interpretation and using knowledge of acting techniques. Approves scenic and costume
designs, sound, special effects, and choreography. May select cast. May select SET DESIGNER
(amuse. & rec.).
150.147-010 NARRATOR (motion picture) alternate titles: motion-picture commentator
Makes explanatory comments to accompany action parts of
motion picture: Reads from script and speaks into microphone as film is being projected, timing
comments to fit action portrayed. May write script.
151 OCCUPATIONS IN DANCING This group includes occupations concerned with the interpretation of ideas through rhythmic expression.
151.027-010 CHOREOGRAPHER (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: director, dance
Creates and teaches original dances for ballet, musical, or
revue to be performed for stage, television, motion picture, or nightclub production: Composes
dance designed to suggest story, interpret emotion, or enliven show, coordinating dance with
music. Instructs performers at rehearsals to achieve desired effect. May audition performers for
specific parts. May direct and stage presentation.
151.027-014 INSTRUCTOR, DANCING (education) alternate titles: professor, dance; teacher, dancing
Instructs pupils in ballet, ballroom, tap, and other forms of
dancing: Observes students to determine physical and artistic qualifications and limitations and
plans programs to meet students' needs and aspirations. Explains and demonstrates techniques
and methods of regulating movements of body to musical or rhythmic accompaniment. Drills
pupils in execution of dance steps. May teach history of dance. May teach theory and practice of
dance notation. May choreograph and direct dance performance. May be designated according to
style of dancing taught as Instructor, Ballroom Dancing (education); Instructor, Tap Dancing
(education); Teacher, Ballet (education). May be employed by ballet company to train corps de
ballet and be designated Ballet Master/Mistress (education).
151.047-010 DANCER (amuse. & rec.)
Dances alone, with partner, or in group to entertain audience:
Performs classical, modern, or acrobatic dances, coordinating body movements to musical
accompaniment. Rehearses dance movements developed by CHOREOGRAPHER (amuse. &
rec.). May choreograph own dance. May sing and provide other forms of entertainment. May
specialize in particular style of dancing and be designated according to specialty as Acrobatic
Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Ballet Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Ballroom Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Belly
Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Chorus Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Interpretative Dancer (amuse. & rec.);
Strip-Tease Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Tap Dancer (amuse. & rec.).
152 OCCUPATIONS IN MUSIC This group includes occupations concerned with the composition, arrangement, rendition, or direction of instrumental or vocal music.
152.021-010 TEACHER, MUSIC (education) alternate titles: music instructor
Teaches individuals or groups instrumental or vocal music in
public or private school: Plans daily classroom work based on teaching outline prepared for
course of study to meet curriculum requirements. Evaluates students' interests, aptitudes,
temperament, and individual characteristics to determine suitable instrument for beginner. Sings
or plays instrument to demonstrate musical scales, tones, and rhythm. Instructs students in music
theory, harmony, score and sight reading, composition, music appreciation, and provides
individual or group vocal and instrumental lessons using technical knowledge, aesthetic
appreciation, and prescribed teaching techniques. Conducts group rehearsals and instructs and
coaches members in their individual parts, in fundamentals of musicianship, and ensemble
performance. Critiques performance to identify errors and reinforce correct techniques. Leads
orchestra and choral groups in regular and special performances for school program, community
activities, concerts, and festivals. Meets with parents of student to resolve student problem. May
accompany students on field trips to musical performances. May order, store, and inventory
musical instruments, music, and supplies. May teach students with disabilities. May be required
to have certification from state. May be designated Teacher, Instrumental (education); Teacher,
Vocal (education).
152.041-010 MUSICIAN, INSTRUMENTAL (amuse. & rec.)
Plays musical instrument as soloist or as member of musical
group, such as orchestra or band, to entertain audience: Studies and rehearses music to learn and
interpret score. Plays from memory or by following score. May transpose music to play in
alternate key. May improvise. May compose. May play instrument to signal activity, such as flag
raising, post time, or arrival of dignitaries at sporting or other events. May be designated
according to instrument played as Calliope Player (amuse. & rec.); Drummer (amuse. & rec.);
Harpist (amuse. & rec.); Organist (amuse. & rec.); Pianist (amuse. & rec.); Violinist (amuse. &
rec.). May accompany soloist or another MUSICIAN, INSTRUMENTAL (amuse. & rec.) and be
designated Accompanist (amuse. & rec.).
152.047-010 CHORAL DIRECTOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: choir leader;
Conducts vocal music groups, such as choirs and glee clubs:
Auditions and selects members of group. Selects music to suit performance requirements and
accommodate talent and ability of group. Directs group at rehearsals and performance to achieve
desired effects, such as tonal and harmonic balance, dynamics, rhythm, tempo, and shading,
utilizing knowledge of conducting techniques and music theory. May schedule tours and
performances and arrange for transportation and lodging. May transcribe musical compositions
and melodic lines to adapt them to or create particular style for group [ARRANGER (profess. &
kin.)]. May conduct group with instrumental accompaniment [CONDUCTOR, ORCHESTRA
(profess. & kin.)].
152.047-014 CONDUCTOR, ORCHESTRA (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: band leader; director, music; orchestra leader
Conducts instrumental music groups, such as orchestras and
dance bands: Auditions and selects members of group. Selects music to accommodate talents and
abilities of group and to suit type of performance to be given. Positions members within group to
obtain balance among instrumental sections. Directs group at rehearsals and performances to
achieve desired effects, such as tonal and harmonic balance, dynamics, rhythms, tempos, and
shadings, utilizing knowledge of conducting techniques, music theory and harmony, range and
characteristics of instruments, and talents of individual performers. May transcribe musical
compositions and melodic lines to adapt them to or create particular style for group
[ARRANGER (profess. & kin.)]. May schedule tours and performances and arrange for
transportation and lodging. May be designated according to specialization as Conductor, Dance
Band (profess. & kin.); Conductor, Symphonic-Orchestra (profess. & kin.).
152.047-018 DIRECTOR, MUSIC (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: musical director; music department head
Plans and directs activities of personnel in studio music
department and conducts studio orchestra: Selects vocal, instrumental, and recorded music
suitable to type of program or motion picture and to entertainers who are to render selections.
Engages services of COMPOSER (profess. & kin.) 152.067-014, as required, to write score for
motion picture or television program. Issues assignments and reviews work of staff in such areas
as scoring, arranging, and copying music, lyric writing, and vocal coaching. Auditions and
selects vocal and instrumental talent for musical shows. Auditions and hires studio orchestra
personnel. Conducts orchestra in recording or broadcast of music [CONDUCTOR,
ORCHESTRA (profess. & kin.) 152.047-014].
152.047-022 SINGER (amuse. & rec.; motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Sings as soloist or member of vocal ensemble: Interprets
music, using knowledge of harmony, melody, rhythm, and voice production, to present
characterization or to achieve individual style of vocal delivery. Sings, following printed text and
musical notation, or memorizes score. May sing a cappella or with musical accompaniment. May
watch CHORAL DIRECTOR (profess. & kin.) or CONDUCTOR, ORCHESTRA (profess. &
kin.) for directions and cues. May be known according to voice range as soprano, contralto,
tenor, baritone, or bass. May specialize in one type of music, such as opera, lieder, choral,
gospel, folk, or country and western and be identified according to specialty.
152.067-010 ARRANGER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: adapter; transcriber; transcripter
Transcribes musical composition for orchestra, band, choral
group, or individual to adapt composition to particular style for which it was not originally
written: Determines voice, instrument, harmonic structure, rhythm, tempo, and tone balance to
achieve desired effect. Writes score, utilizing knowledge of music theory and instrumental and
vocal capabilities [ORCHESTRATOR (profess. & kin.)]. May copy parts from score for
individual performers within group [COPYIST (any industry)].
152.067-014 COMPOSER (profess. & kin.)
Writes musical compositions: Creates musical ideas, using
knowledge of harmonic, rhythmic, melodic, and tonal structure and other elements of music
theory, such as instrumental and vocal capabilities. Creates original musical form or writes
within circumscribed musical form, such as sonata, symphony, or opera. Transcribes ideas into
musical notation.
152.067-018 CUE SELECTOR (radio-tv broad.)
Integrates prerecorded theme, background, and bridge music
with story line and film sequence to arrange musical score for episode of television series, using
knowledge of film scoring: Reads script of episode to become familiar with story line. Confers
with DIRECTOR, TELEVISION (radio-tv broad.) to coordinate interpretation of script,
including mood to be conveyed or quality of character stressed. Listens to tape recording of
theme, background, and bridge music to become familiar with them. Notes key of music, length
of passage, and identification number. Selects passages which match story line of script to form
tentative score. Views episode to align selections with action on screen. Gives directions to
technical personnel during electronic recording of score from tapes, making changes as needed.
152.067-022 ORCHESTRATOR (profess. & kin.)
Writes score for orchestra, band, choral group, or individual
instrumentalist or vocalist: Transposes music from one voice or instrument to another to
accommodate particular musician or musical group. Scores composition consistent with
instrumental and vocal capabilities, such as range and key, using knowledge of music theory.
May transcribe composition to adapt it to particular style [ARRANGER (profess. & kin.)]. May
copy parts from score for individual performers [COPYIST (any industry)].
152.267-010 COPYIST (any industry)
Transcribes musical parts onto staff paper from score written
by ARRANGER (profess. & kin.) or ORCHESTRATOR (profess. & kin.) for each instrument or
voice, utilizing knowledge of music notation and experience and background in music. May
transpose score to different key.
152.367-010 PROMPTER (amuse. & rec.)
Prompts performers in operatic productions: Marks copy of
vocal score to note cues. Observes CONDUCTOR, ORCHESTRA (profess. & kin.) and follows
vocal score to time cues accurately. Speaks or sings in language required by opera to prompt
performers.
153 OCCUPATIONS IN ATHLETICS AND SPORTS This group includes occupations concerned with application of the theoretical or practical aspects of athletics and sports. Includes teaching physical education at speciality schools or health clubs; scouting for professional athletes; coaching nonschool athletes; and giving instructions in golf, skiing, and similar activities.
153.117-010 HEAD COACH (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: manager, athletic team
Plans and directs training and recommends acquisition or
trade of players for professional athletic team: Directs conditioning of players to achieve
maximum athletic performance. Assesses player's skills and assigns team positions. Evaluates
own and opposition team capabilities to determine game strategy. Coaches or directs COACH,
PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES (amuse. & rec.) to instruct players in techniques of game.
Participates in discussions with other clubs to sell or trade players. May participate on team
managed and be designated Coach-Player (amuse. & rec.); Player-Manager (amuse. & rec.).
153.117-014 MANAGER, ATHLETE (amuse. & rec.)
Manages affairs of PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE (amuse. &
rec.) by negotiating with promoters or others to settle contracts and business matters and directs
training: Negotiates with team management and promoters to obtain favorable contracts for client
[BUSINESS MANAGER (amuse. & rec.)]. May prescribe exercises, rest periods, and diet to be
followed by PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE (amuse. & rec.). May direct ATHLETIC TRAINER
(amuse. & rec.; education) in conditioning PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE (amuse. & rec.). May
give directions to protege in athletic techniques. May determine strategy to be followed by
PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE (amuse. & rec.) in competition with others. May be designated
according to type of PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE (amuse. & rec.) managed as Manager, Boxer
(amuse. & rec.); Manager, Wrestler (amuse. & rec.).
153.117-018 SCOUT, PROFESSIONAL SPORTS (amuse. & rec.)
Evaluates athletic skills of PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES
(amuse. & rec.) to determine fitness and potentiality for professional sports and negotiates with
them to obtain services: Reviews prospects' exhibitions and past performance records. Negotiates
with PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES (amuse. & rec.) to arrange contracts. Reports to team
management results of scouting assignments, such as selection or rejection of PROFESSIONAL
ATHLETES (amuse. & rec.) scouted and persons and areas sighted for future recruitment. May
be designated according to type of sport in which engaged as Baseball Scout (amuse. & rec.);
Basketball Scout (amuse. & rec.); Football Scout (amuse. & rec.).
153.117-022 STEWARD, RACETRACK (amuse. & rec.)
Coordinates and directs racing activities at racetrack: Confers
with track management and studies prior racing and attendance records to plan types of races to
schedule. Confers with officials of other tracks to plan racing dates to coincide with number of
days allotted by state racing commission. Assigns workers to duties, such as inspecting entrants,
starting, and judging races to comply with racing commission regulations. Observes workers
performing duties to ensure compliance with commission rules and track policy. Approves or
disapproves requests of handlers to change equipment on horses. Confers with veterinary
personnel regarding horses unfit to race. Serves as member of judiciary board that exercises
control over racing participants and makes decisions in accordance with state racing commission
rules on such matters as validity of complaints and order of finishes. Writes reports to comply
with state racing commission rules, such as recording and reporting all complaints, actions taken,
penalties imposed, and voting record of board members.
153.137-010 MANAGER, POOL (amuse. & rec.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of swimming pool staff
to prevent accidents and provide assistance to swimmers, and conducts swimming classes:
Assigns duties to lifeguards, locker room attendants, and clerical staff. Schedules swimming
classes for basic and specialty techniques, according to enrollment, age, and number of
instructors. Meets with employees to discuss and resolve work related problems. Completes staff
evaluation forms reflecting information such as work habits, effectiveness in interpersonal
relations, and acceptance of responsibility. Instructs individuals or groups in swimming classes,
principles of water confidence, and lifesaving. Administers first aid, according to prescribed
procedures, or calls emergency medical facility, when necessary. Determines chlorine content,
pH value, and color of pool water at periodic intervals during day, using testing kit. Completes
forms indicating time, date, and pool water test results. Routes forms to supervisor for evaluation
and filing. Maintains required forms, such as time and attendance, inventory list, and program of
facility activities.
153.167-010 PADDOCK JUDGE (amuse. & rec.)
Inspects equipment of horses and riders in paddock at
racetrack before each race to determine that equipment meets track and state racing commission
specifications: Reads racing programs to schedule arrival of horses and riders in paddock area.
Examines horse's equipment and rider's attire to assure compliance with racing specifications.
Orders equipment changes to conform to racing rules. Refers requests for equipment changes to
racing officials. Tells riders to mount and dismount. Signals winning horse and rider to winner's
circle. Reports delays in paddock area and equipment changes to racing officials. Examines
credentials to prevent unauthorized persons from entering paddock area.
153.167-014 PIT STEWARD (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: pit boss; referee
Directs activities at automobile or motorcycle racetrack:
Determines qualifying order of vehicles for each race based on trial event results or by drawing
numbers. Assigns STARTERS (amuse. & rec.) to position on track. Controls traffic to ensure
only authorized number of vehicles are in pit. Directs vehicles to assigned places in pit.
Ascertains legality of pit stops according to rules set by sanctioning body authorizing race.
Consults with SCORERS (amuse. & rec.) to resolve scoring disputes. Determines penalties to be
assessed for rules violation. May inspect vehicles and drivers for safety equipment, such as seat
belts, harnesses, and helmets.
153.167-018 RACING SECRETARY AND HANDICAPPER (amuse. & rec.)
Plans and arranges racing schedules and assigns handicapped
weights to horses at racetrack: Analyzes official workout and past performance records to
arrange races between horses of equal experience and ability. Handicaps horse in each race by
assigning weight it will carry, using knowledge of handicapping and based on data, such as age,
sex, total winnings of horse, and distances of races won. Confers with track management
personnel to plan types of races to schedule and to determine purse for each race. Reviews
application requesting permission to enter and train horse for competition. Accepts application
and entrance fee from owner. Registers names of persons having financial interest in horse.
Reviews racing information to be published in newspaper, racing form, and daily racing
program. Directs activities of workers engaged in duties, such as compiling racing information
and assigning stable space. Records information regarding official racing result to keep file on
each horse's ability. Records changes of ownership and submits report to track officials. May
observe race to study ability and form of horse, verify selection of entries, and assignment of
handicap weights.
153.224-010 ATHLETIC TRAINER (amuse. & rec.; education)
Evaluates physical condition and advises and treats
professional and amateur athletes to maintain maximum physical fitness for participation in
athletic competition: Prescribes routine and corrective exercises to strengthen muscles.
Recommends special diets to build up health and reduce overweight athletes. Massages parts of
players' bodies to relieve soreness, strains, and bruises. Renders first aid to injured players, such
as giving artificial respiration, cleaning and bandaging wounds, and applying heat and cold to
promote healing. Calls physician for injured persons as required. Wraps ankles, fingers, or wrists
of athletes in synthetic skin, protecting gauze, and adhesive tape to support muscles and
ligaments. Treats chronic minor injuries and related disabilities to maintain athletes'
performance. May give heat and diathermy treatments as prescribed by health service. Workers
are identified according to type of sport.
153.227-010 COACH, PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: coach
Analyzes performance and instructs PROFESSIONAL
ATHLETES (amuse. & rec.) in game strategies and techniques to prepare them for athletic
competition: Observes players while they perform to determine need for individual or team
improvement. Coaches players individually or in groups, demonstrating techniques of sport
coached. Oversees daily practice of players to instruct them in areas of deficiency. Determines
strategy during game, independently or in conference with other COACH, PROFESSIONAL
ATHLETES (amuse. & rec.) or HEAD COACH (amuse. & rec.) based on factors as weakness in
opposing team. May be designated according to phase of game coached as Defensive-Line Coach
(amuse. & rec.); Pitching Coach (amuse. & rec.). May be designated according to game coached
as Basketball Coach (amuse. & rec.); Football Coach (amuse. & rec.); Swimming Coach (amuse.
& rec.); Tennis Coach (amuse. & rec.).
153.227-014 INSTRUCTOR, PHYSICAL (amuse. & rec.; education)
Teaches individuals or groups beginning or advanced
calisthenics, gymnastics, and reducing or corrective exercises, in private health club or
gymnasium, evaluating abilities of individual to determine suitable training program: Teaches
and demonstrates use of gymnastic apparatus, such as trampolines, corrective weights, and
mechanical exercisers. Demonstrates and teaches body movements and skills used in sports.
Advises clients in use of heat or ultraviolet treatments and hot baths. Lubricates mechanical
equipment and reports malfunctioning equipment to maintenance personnel.
153.227-018 INSTRUCTOR, SPORTS (amuse. & rec.; education) alternate titles: athletic coach
Teaches sport activity to individual or groups at private or
public recreational facility or school: Explains and demonstrates use of apparatus and equipment.
Explains and demonstrates principles, techniques, and methods of regulating movement of body,
hands, or feet to achieve proficiency in activity. Observes students during practice to detect and
correct mistakes. Explains and enforces safety rules and regulations. Explains method of keeping
score. May organize and conduct competition and tournaments. May participate in competition to
demonstrate skill. May purchase, display, sell, maintain, or repair equipment. May keep record of
receipts and expenditures. May lecture on history and purpose of sport. Workers are identified
according to sport instructed, such as golf, fencing, or tennis.
153.243-010 AUTOMOBILE RACER (amuse. & rec.)
Drives automobile racing car in competition road races:
Drives car over track where race is to be run to familiarize self with course. Participates in speed
and elimination trial races to qualify car for race. Drives car in race and analyzes speed and
position of other cars to determine when and where to drive car so as to be in favorable position
to win. Observes fuel, oil, and compression gauges on dashboard of car to ensure that car is
operating efficiently. Watches for warning signs, such as flags or flares, that indicate an accident
is present and drives car accordingly. May perform maintenance work on car.
153.243-014 MOTORCYCLE RACER (amuse. & rec.)
Rides motorcycle over track, course, or natural terrain in
competitive races: Operates motorcycle, using hands and feet to manipulate controls. Evaluates
power, speed, maneuverability, and position of own and other motorcycles in race to determine
strategy. Listens to engine and reads tachometer to determine gear change and maximum speed
which obstacles, such as turns and jumps can be taken. Maneuvers motorcycles to avoid track
accident, unexpected barrier, or other emergency situation. Watches for warning flags, and other
signals to follow instructions given by track officials. May perform maintenance work on
motorcycle. May specialize in one type of competition, such as road, dirt track, motocross, off
road, or speedway racing.
153.244-010 JOCKEY (amuse. & rec.)
Rides racehorse at racetrack: Confers with training personnel
to plan strategy for race, based on ability and peculiarities of own and other horses in
competition. Mounts horse in paddock after weighing-in, and rides horse to specified numbered
stall of starting gate. Races from starting gate to finish line. Talks to training personnel after race
to analyze horse's performance.
153.244-014 SULKY DRIVER (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: harness racer
Drives horse-drawn, two-wheel sulky in harness race: Studies
performance record of competing horses to plan race strategy. Controls speed of horse in specific
sections of racetrack, applying knowledge of harness racing to determine when to challenge for
lead of race. May train own harness racing horses. May direct activities of workers involved in
grooming, training, feeding, stabling, handling and transporting harness race horses.
153.267-010 HORSE-RACE STARTER (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: starter
Determines entry sequence into starting gate and gives
directions to riders and other track personnel to get horses into position for horse race: Evaluates
performance and training record and observes horse's behavior to determine entry sequence.
Directs entry of horse and rider into starting gate according to planned sequence and stall
number. Gives directions to track personnel to assist rider when horse refuses to enter starting
gate. Reports undue starting delay to racing officials. Presses button to open gate automatically
when horses are correctly aligned. May recommend removal of horse unfit to start race. May
schedule morning workouts for horses requiring familiarization with starting gate procedures.
153.267-014 PATROL JUDGE (amuse. & rec.)
Observes horse race at racetrack to detect infractions of racing
rules and resolve claims of fouls committed: Watches race from elevated stand at one of several
locations around track, using binoculars to detect infractions of rules, such as action of JOCKEY
(amuse. & rec.) causing another horse to change stride. Reports name and number of horse and
rider guilty of foul to racing officials for disciplinary action. Confers with racing officials and
watches motion picture of race to verify infractions and to determine validity of complaints
lodged by participants. Submits report to racing officials concerning infractions of rules and
disciplinary action taken. When flashing numbers of first three horses as race progresses or
observing horses in stretch in order to post first four horses crossing finish line, is designated
Placing Judge (amuse. & rec.).
153.267-018 UMPIRE (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: field captain; judge; referee
Officiates at sporting events: Observes actions of participants
to detect infractions of rules. Decides disputable matters according to established regulations.
When concerned only with determining validity of goals, finish line order, or out-of-bound plays,
may be designated Finish Judge (amuse. & rec.); Goal Umpire (amuse. & rec.); Line Umpire
(amuse. & rec.).
153.287-010 HOOF AND SHOE INSPECTOR (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: plating inspector
Inspects hoofs and shoes (plates) of horses at racetrack to
determine that hoofs have been trimmed to prevent stumbling during race and to detect loose or
broken shoes: Records names of horse, owner, and RACEHORSE TRAINER (amuse. & rec.)
and condition of horse's hoofs and shoes. Presents information to STEWARD, RACETRACK
(amuse. & rec.) for further action. May remove and replace broken or cracked plates. May
instruct handlers to secure plates or trim horses hoofs as required.
153.341-010 PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE (amuse. & rec.)
Participates in professional competitive athletic events, such
as football, boxing, and hockey, to entertain audience: Exercises and practices under direction of
ATHLETIC TRAINER (amuse. & rec.; education) 153.224-010 or COACH, PROFESSIONAL
ATHLETES (amuse. & rec.) 153.227-010 to train for sport. Plays game and engages in sport
conforming to established rules and regulations. Athletes are identified according to professional
sport in which engaged. May speak, as representative of team or professional sports club, to
groups involved in activities, such as sports clinics and fund raisers.
153.367-010 CLOCKER (amuse. & rec.)
Clocks (times) racehorses at racetrack during morning
workouts to obtain speed information: Identifies each horse on track by its particular identifying
marks and color, and records name. Observes horse during workout and assigns speed rating
according to effort extended by horse and rider, distance run, and time required as measured by
stopwatch. Records information and submits it to track management.
153.367-014 HORSE-RACE TIMER (amuse. & rec.)
Clocks and records time required for horse leading in race to
run specified distance: Observes signal for official start and activates stopwatch to time race.
Observes leading horse crossing markers denoting fractional parts and finish line of race to note
and record time elapsed. Compares recorded results with those obtained by automatic electronic
timer and reports difference to racing officials. Writes daily report of name, number of leading
horse, fractional and total time required for each race to submit to track officials.
153.384-010 MARSHAL (amuse. & rec.)
Rides saddle horse to lead parade of horserace entrants onto
track to mobile-starting-gate assembly area. Mounts quarter horse and chases and restrains
runaways to prevent injury to horses and thrown riders and disruption of race.
153.387-010 IDENTIFIER, HORSE (amuse. & rec.)
Verifies identification of horses at receiving barn of racetrack:
Checks identifying features, such as tattooed registration number on lip and physical appearance
with official records and photographs to ensure only horses scheduled to race are permitted in
paddock. Releases identified horses to handlers for transfer to paddock for saddling. Notifies
track officials when doubt exists as to horses' identity. Records physical changes in horses, such
as weight increase or scar received since last inspection, to keep identification records current.
153.387-014 SCORER (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: lap checker
Records laps completed by drivers in automobile or
motorcycle race: Observes vehicles passing start-finish line to obtain count of laps completed by
each competitor. Enters lap count onto scoresheet. Totals laps at end of race to determine winner,
order of finish, and lap count for each racer. May clock and record time during race and be
designated Timer (amuse. & rec.). May give directions to other SCORERS (amuse. & rec.) and
be designated Head Scorer (amuse. & rec.).
153.467-010 CLERK-OF-SCALES (amuse. & rec.)
Weighs JOCKEYS (amuse. & rec.) and riding equipment
before and after each race to ensure that assigned handicapped weights have been carried during
race: Weighs rider and saddle on scale to assure that weight is as specified on racing program.
Directs rider to insert or remove lead pads from saddle pocket to meet specified weight. Notifies
racing officials of rider unable to meet weight limit. Weighs rider and equipment after race to
assure that lead pads were not lost during race.
153.667-010 STARTER (amuse. & rec.)
Waves signal flags of different color and design to start and
stop automobile or motorcycle race and to inform drivers of track condition: Signals slower
driver to move aside to allow passage of faster vehicles. Signals drivers to slow down or stops
race for clearing of track following accidents. Signals specific driver to return to pit for
consultation upon request of AUTOMOBILE MECHANIC (automotive ser.); MOTORCYCLE
REPAIRER (automotive ser.); PIT STEWARD (amuse. & rec.), or other track official.
153.674-010 EXERCISER, HORSE (amuse. & rec.)
Rides racehorses to exercise and condition them for racing:
Rides racehorse during workout and training races, following specific instructions of training
personnel. Informs training personnel of horses' temperament, peculiarities, and physical
condition as demonstrated during exercise so that training plans can be modified to prepare horse
for racing.
153.674-014 LEAD PONY RIDER (amuse. & rec.)
Rides lead pony to lead JOCKEY (amuse. & rec.) and mount
from paddock to starting gate at racetrack: Leads horse scheduled to race from receiving barn to
paddock to be saddled. Leads procession of riders in post position order to starting gate. Rides
after runaway horse to aid rider regain control. Diverts riders from competitor involved in
accident on racetrack. Leads race horse to paddock or receiving barn after race. Assists horse
ambulance workers to remove injured horse from track, using block and tackle. Grooms and
feeds lead pony.
159 OCCUPATIONS IN ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with entertainment.
159.041-010 MAGICIAN (amuse. & rec.)
Performs original and stock tricks of illusion and sleight of
hand to entertain and mystify audience, using props, such as illusion boxes, scarf, cards, rabbit,
and jewelry. May include participant from audience in act to remove personal valuables, such as
wallets or jewelry, without participant's knowledge.
159.041-014 PUPPETEER (amuse. & rec.)
Originates puppet shows, designs and constructs puppets and
moves controls of puppets to animate them for entertainment of audience: Studies media for
ideas that relate to fads, stories, plays, and seasonal themes and confers with other staff to
develop ideas for new show. Writes or adapts script for use in puppet theater. Sketches designs
for puppets based on script. Constructs hand, string, rod, and shadow puppets from materials,
such as wood, papier mache, styrofoam, wires, metal, and rubber, using handtools and machine
tools. Sews clothing for puppets by hand or machine. Animates puppets, using string, wire, rod,
fingers or hand from position above, below, or at level with stage. Talks or sings during
performance to give illusion of voice to puppets. May operate audio equipment, such as tape
deck, during performance and simultaneously move puppet's mouth in synchronization with
music to create illusion of singing.
159.042-010 LASERIST (amuse. & rec.)
Creates optical designs-and-effects show for entertainment of
audiences, using control console and related laser projection and recording equipment: Sets up
and operates console to control laser projection, recording equipment, and house lights. Presses
switches and turns dials to dim house lights, cue opening music, and begin programmed laser
sequence. Moves controls to orchestrate colors, patterns, and movements in concert with musical
accompaniment. Tests, repairs, and adjusts laser and sound systems, using circuit schematics and
test equipment. Examines, cleans, and maintains system cooling, optical, and sound equipment
according to preventive maintenance schedule. Discusses show concepts and laser equipment
operation with press representatives to promote public relations.
159.044-010 VENTRILOQUIST (amuse. & rec.)
Entertains audience by projecting voice so that it appears to
come from dummy or puppet: Changes position of dummy or puppet during performance to give
illusion of life. May construct puppet or dummy. May write script for show.
159.047-010 CLOWN (amuse. & rec.)
Dresses in comical costume and makeup and performs
original or stock comedy routines to entertain audience.
159.047-014 COMEDIAN (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: comic
Attempts to make audience laugh by telling jokes, delivering
comic lines, singing humorous songs, performing comedy dances or walks, or facial contortions,
wearing funny costumes, or resorting to any similar device to amuse audience. May do
impersonations [IMPERSONATOR (amuse. & rec.)].
159.047-018 IMPERSONATOR (amuse. & rec.) alternate titles: imitator; mimic Entertains by impersonating another person, or type of person, or animal, or some inanimate object, usually by copying mannerisms, form, exp |
