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DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES (4th Ed., Rev. 1991)001.061-010 to 024.364-010 This category includes occupations concerned with the theoretical or practical aspects of such fields of human endeavor as art, science, engineering, education, medicine, law, business relations, and administrative, managerial, and technical work. Most of these occupations require substantial educational preparation (usually at the university, junior college, or technical institute level). 00/01 OCCUPATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING, AND SURVEYING
001 ARCHITECTURAL OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design and construction of buildings and related structures, or landscaping, and floating structures, according to aesthetic and functional factors.
001.061-010 ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.)
Researches, plans, designs, and administers building projects
for clients, applying knowledge of design, construction procedures, zoning and building codes,
and building materials: Consults with client to determine functional and spatial requirements of
new structure or renovation, and prepares information regarding design, specifications, materials,
color, equipment, estimated costs, and construction time. Plans layout of project and integrates
engineering elements into unified design for client review and approval. Prepares scale drawings
and contract documents for building contractors. Represents client in obtaining bids and
awarding construction contracts. Administers construction contracts and conducts periodic
on-site observation of work during construction to monitor compliance with plans. May prepare
operating and maintenance manuals, studies, and reports. May use computer-assisted design
software and equipment to prepare project designs and plans. May direct activities of workers
engaged in preparing drawings and specification documents.
001.061-014 ARCHITECT, MARINE (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: architect, naval; naval designer
Designs and oversees construction and repair of marine craft
and floating structures, such as ships, barges, tugs, dredges, submarines, torpedoes, floats, and
buoys: Studies design proposals and specifications to establish basic characteristics of craft, such
as size, weight, speed, propulsion, armament, cargo, displacement, draft, crew and passenger
complements, and fresh or salt water service. Oversees construction and testing of prototype in
model basin and develops sectional and waterline curves of hull to establish center of gravity,
ideal hull form, and buoyancy and stability data. Designs complete hull and superstructure
according to specifications and test data, in conformity with standards of safety, efficiency, and
economy. Designs layout of craft interior including cargo space, passenger compartments, ladder
wells, and elevators. Confers with MARINE ENGINEERS (profess. & kin.) to establish
arrangement of boiler room equipment and propulsion machinery, heating and ventilating
systems, refrigeration equipment, piping, and other functional equipment. Evaluates performance
of craft during dock and sea trials to determine design changes and conformance with national
and international standards.
001.061-018 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: community planner; environmental planner; land planner; site planner
Plans and designs development of land areas for projects,
such as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, and parkways, hospitals,
schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites: Confers with clients,
engineering personnel, and ARCHITECTS (profess. & kin.) on overall program. Compiles and
analyzes data on such site conditions as geographic location; soil, vegetation, and rock features;
drainage; and location of structures for preparation of environmental impact report and
development of landscaping plans. Prepares site plans, working drawings, specifications, and
cost estimates for land development, showing ground contours, vegetation, locations of
structures, and such facilities as roads, walks, parking areas, fences, walls, and utilities,
coordinating arrangement of existing and proposed land features and structures. Inspects
construction work in progress to ensure compliance with landscape specifications, to approve
quality of materials and work, and to advise client and construction personnel on landscape
features. May be designated according to project as Highway-Landscape Architect (profess. &
kin.); Park-Landscape Architect (profess. & kin.).
001.167-010 SCHOOL-PLANT CONSULTANT (education)
Formulates and enforces standards for construction and
alteration of public school facilities throughout state: Develops legislation relative to school
building sites and school design and construction. Guides school districts in development of long
range comprehensive master plans, including such factors as site selection and expected
population growth and mobility, and school finance and specifications. Coordinates activities,
jurisdictions, and responsibilities of adjacent school districts and evaluates entire systems of
schools. Provides technical information and advice to local school authorities considering
construction or renovation of school plant. Inspects proposed sites and schools under
construction or undergoing alteration to enforce applicable standards. Prepares suggested
classroom plans and layouts, taking into consideration such factors as climate, construction costs,
availability of materials, and accepted principles of institutional construction. Reviews plans for
construction and renovation of school buildings and approves or disapproves plans in accordance
with standards and policies of department. Confers with representatives of school boards,
educators, and architects to explain and reach agreement on design concepts and construction
standards. Arbitrates difficult and unusual construction disputes. Conducts special research
studies concerned with lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and acoustics. Prepares
reports for state education department and state legislature.
001.261-010 DRAFTER, ARCHITECTURAL (profess. & kin.)
Prepares detailed drawings of architectural designs and plans
for buildings, according to specifications, sketches, and rough drafts provided by ARCHITECT
(profess. & kin.) 001.061-010: Draws rough and detailed sketches, drawings, and plans to scale
[DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title].
001.261-014 DRAFTER, LANDSCAPE (profess. & kin.)
Prepares detailed scale drawings and tracings from rough
sketches or other data provided by LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.), performing
duties described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May prepare separate detailed
site plan, grading and drainage plan, lighting plan, paving plan, irrigation plan, planting plan, and
drawings and detail of garden structures. May build models of proposed landscape construction
and prepare colored drawings for presentation to client.
002 AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with design and development of aircraft, space vehicles, surface effect vehicles, missiles, weapons, and related systems. Accessory techniques needed are those found in electronic and electrical engineering, mechanical and electromechanical engineering, metallurgy, propulsion systems design, ordnance engineering, and human factors and test engineering.
002.061-010 AERODYNAMICIST (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: aerodynamics engineer; aerophysics engineer
Plans and conducts analysis of aerodynamic, thermodynamic,
aerothermodynamic, and aerophysics concepts, systems, and designs to resolve problems and
determine suitability and application to aircraft and aerospace products: Establishes
computational methods and computer input data for analyzing problems. Analyzes designs and
develops configurations to ensure satisfactory static and dynamic stability and control
characteristics for completed vehicle. Initiates and assists in formulating and evaluating
laboratory, flight, and wind tunnel test programs, and prepares reports and conclusions for other
engineering and design personnel. Coordinates activities of model design group and model shop
to assure required configuration of wind tunnel models. Prepares air load data on vehicle to
conform to aerodynamic requirements. May prepare reports on results of analyses, such as flight
performance validation, aircraft configuration, trade studies, and aircraft certification. May
confer with customer on performance problems during operational life of vehicle. May specialize
in analysis of thermodynamic effects and be designated Thermodynamics Engineer (aircraft
mfg.).
002.061-014 AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Designs, develops, and tests aircraft, space vehicles, surface
effect vehicles, missiles, and related component systems, applying engineering principles and
techniques: Designs and develops commercial, military, executive, general aviation, or special
purpose aircraft, space vehicles, satellites, missiles, or related hardware or systems. Tests models,
prototypes, subassemblies, or production vehicles to study and evaluate operational
characteristics and effects of stress imposed during actual or simulated flight conditions. May
specialize in design and development of structural components, such as wings, fuselage, rib
assemblies, landing gear, or operational control systems. May specialize in analytical programs
concerned with ground or flight testing, or development of acoustic, thermodynamic, or
propulsion systems. May assist in planning technical phases of air transportation systems or other
aspects of flight operations, maintenance, or logistics.
002.061-018 AERONAUTICAL TEST ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Conducts testing activities on aerospace and aircraft products,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.061-022 AERONAUTICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Develops basic design concepts used in design, development,
and production of aeronautical and aerospace products and systems, performing duties as
described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.061-026 AERONAUTICAL-RESEARCH ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Conducts research in field of aeronautics, performing duties
as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.061-030 STRESS ANALYST (aircraft mfg.)
Conducts stress analyses on designs of experimental,
prototype, or production aircraft, space vehicles, surface effect vehicles, missiles, and related
components to evaluate ability to withstand stresses imposed during flight or ground operations:
Analyzes ability of structural components to withstand stresses imposed by static, dynamic, or
thermal loads, due to operational or test conditions. Studies preliminary specifications and design
requirements to determine strength and bending characteristics of parts, assemblies, and total
airframe. Consults with design personnel regarding results of analyses and need for additional
analysis, testing, or design modifications. Formulates $T3mathematical model$T1 of stress
problem or devises other methods of computer analysis or simulation to assist in stress analysis.
002.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, AERONAUTICAL PRODUCTS (aircraft mfg.)
Sells aeronautical products and provides customers with
technical engineering services as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title.
002.167-010 VALUE ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: cost development engineer; design specialist, producibility, cost and component technology
Plans and coordinates engineering activities to develop and
apply standardized design criteria and production requirements for parts and equipment used in
aircraft and aerospace vehicles: Establishes and maintains liaison between engineering and other
departments to formulate and apply design criteria and production requirements for proposed
products. Analyzes product design data to determine conformance to established design selection
criteria, use of standardized parts and equipment, and design-to-cost ratio. Approves initial
design or recommends modifications based on producibility, cost, and component technology
factors. Coordinates testing of new parts and equipment, evaluates test results, and approves or
rejects usage of parts and equipment based on test results. Evaluates and approves selection of
vendors. Initiates and provides technical direction for research and development programs to
enhance production methods, improve parts and equipment technology, and reduce costs.
Develops methods and programs to predict, track, and report production costs during design
development.
002.167-014 FIELD-SERVICE ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Plans and coordinates activities concerned with investigating
and resolving customer reports of technical problems with aircraft or aerospace vehicles and
eliminating future operational or service difficulties: Reviews performance reports and
documentation from customers and field representatives, and inspects malfunctioning or
damaged product to determine nature and scope of problem. Analyzes review and inspection
findings to determine source of problem, and recommends repair, replacement, or other
corrective action. Coordinates problem resolution with engineering, customer service, and other
personnel to expedite repairs. Maintains records of performance reports. Analyzes reports of
technical problems to determine trends affecting future design, production, service, and
maintenance processes, and recommends modifications to eliminate future problems. May
prepare service handbooks and bulletins based on field investigations, engineering changes, and
overall knowledge of product. May provide on-site technical assistance to oversee repairs.
002.167-018 AERONAUTICAL PROJECT ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: aerospace project engineer
Directs and coordinates activities of personnel engaged in
designing mechanisms, structures, systems, and equipment for aeronautical or aerospace
products, applying knowledge of engineering theory and technology: Reviews and evaluates
product request from customer, and formulates conceptual design to meet customer
requirements. Analyzes project proposal to determine feasibility, producibility, cost, and
production time, and discusses proposal with customer representatives, engineers, and other
personnel. Assigns project personnel to specific aspects or phases of project, such as analysis,
development, or design. Evaluates product design for conformance to engineering principles,
customer requirements, quality standards, and specifications. Evaluates and approves design
changes and drawing releases. Coordinates design, production, testing, and related activities.
Consults with project personnel and others to provide technical assistance and information.
002.261-010 DRAFTER, AERONAUTICAL (aircraft mfg.)
Drafts engineering drawings of developmental or production
airplanes, missiles, and component and ancillary equipment, including launch mechanisms and
scale models of prototype aircraft, as planned by AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
002.061-014. Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
002.261-014 RESEARCH MECHANIC (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: laboratory test mechanic
Lays out, fabricates, assembles, and tests mechanical,
electromechanical, structural, hydraulic, and pneumatic aircraft parts, assemblies, and
mechanisms to assist engineers in determining faulty design or fabrication procedures: Lays out,
fabricates, and assembles parts, assemblies, and mechanisms to be tested, according to
blueprints, specifications, sketches, templates, or verbal instructions. Installs test specimens, such
as rib assemblies, struts, landing gears, valves, ducts, fuselage sections, and control surfaces, in
test equipment, and connects wiring, tubing, couplings, and power sources, using handtools and
power tools. Operates test equipment to gather data on performance of parts, assemblies, and
mechanisms under simulated flight and operational conditions. Measures induced variations from
normal, using precision instruments, such as micrometers, verniers, calipers, pressure gauges,
flowmeters, strain gauges, and dynamometers. Records and interprets test data. Confers with
engineering personnel regarding test procedures and test results. Fabricates and assembles test
equipment, tooling, shop aids, or other devices for experimental test projects.
002.262-010 FLIGHT-TEST DATA ACQUISITION TECHNICIAN (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: data acquisition laboratory technician; technical aide, flight test data
Sets up, operates, monitors, modifies, calibrates, and
maintains computer systems and devices for acquisition and analysis of flight test data, utilizing
knowledge of electronic theory and operation of computer systems: Reviews engineering
notification of flight test to determine data required for post-flight analysis. Plans method and
sequence of operations to acquire data, and sets up required electronic data acquisition, test, and
measurement equipment and accessories. Inputs flight test data and program information into
computer console for specific test requested. Enters commands to modify program to
accommodate additional or revised test requirements. Calculates calibration values used as model
for comparison and measurement of test data. Monitors lights, displays, and other operating
features of computer equipment, such as console, receivers, and printers, to detect malfunctions
and ensure integrity of processed data. Diagnoses cause of equipment malfunctioning, and
adjusts, repairs, or replaces faulty components. Enters information to update flight test data base
and to maintain records, such as electronic parts inventory and manuals for equipment
maintenance and calibrations. Discusses flight test requirements and results with engineers and
other personnel.
003 ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of the laws of electrical energy and the principles of engineering for the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. Also includes the design and development of machinery and equipment for production and utilization of electric power. Accessory techniques needed are those used in mechanical and process engineering. Typical specializations are electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution, atomic power generation, electrical and electronic components, equipment, and systems manufacturing, radio and television broadcasting, telephone, telegraph, and electronic computer engineering, and bioengineering.
003.061-010 ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, develops, designs, and tests electrical
components, equipment, and systems, applying principles and techniques of electrical
engineering: Designs electrical equipment, facilities, components, products, and systems for
commercial, industrial, and domestic purposes [DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. &
kin.) Master Title; DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Designs
and directs engineering personnel in fabrication of test control apparatus and equipment, and
determines methods, procedures, and conditions for testing products [TEST ENGINEER
(profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Develops applications of controls, instruments, and systems for
new commercial, domestic, and industrial uses. Directs activities to ensure that manufacturing,
construction, installation, and operational testing conform to functional specifications and
customer requirements. May direct and coordinate operation, maintenance, and repair of
equipment and systems in field installations. May specialize in specific area of discipline, such as
electrical energy generation, transmission, and distribution systems; products, such as appliances,
generators, transformers, control devices, and relays; or area of work, such as manufacturing,
applications, or installation. May use computer-assisted engineering and design software and
equipment to perform engineering tasks.
003.061-014 ELECTRICAL TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on electrical equipment and systems,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-018 ELECTRICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs electrical equipment and products, performing duties
as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.) Master Title; DESIGN
ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-022 ELECTRICAL-PROSPECTING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: electrical engineer, geophysical prospecting
Designs and develops electrical and electronic instruments
and equipment used in petroleum prospecting with the seismograph, magnetometer, or other
instruments which detect and measure various physical properties of the earth's crust.
003.061-026 ELECTRICAL-RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in various fields of electrical phenomena
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-030 ELECTRONICS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, develops, designs, and tests electronic
components, products, and systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, and scientific
applications, applying principles and techniques of electronic engineering: Designs electronic
circuits, components and integrated systems, utilizing ferroelectric, nonlinear, dielectric,
phosphorescent, photo-conductive, and thermoelectric properties of materials [DESIGN
ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Designs test control apparatus and
equipment, determines procedures for testing products [TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title], and directs engineering personnel in fabrication of test control apparatus and
equipment. Develops new applications of conductive properties of metallic and nonmetallic
materials used in components, and in application of components to products or systems. May
direct field operations and maintenance of electronic installations. May evaluate operational
systems and recommend design modifications to eliminate causes of malfunctions or changes in
system requirements. May specialize in development of electronic principles and technology in
fields, such as telecommunications, telemetry, aerospace guidance, missile propulsion control,
counter-measures, acoustics, nucleonic instrumentation, industrial controls and measurements,
high-frequency heating, computers, radiation detection, encephalography, electron optics, and
biomedical research. May use computer-assisted engineering and design software and equipment
to perform engineering tasks.
003.061-034 ELECTRONICS-DESIGN ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and develops electronic components, equipment,
systems, and products, applying knowledge and principles of electronic theory, design, and
engineering. Performs duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. &
kin.) Master Title. May use computer-assisted engineering and design software and equipment to
formulate and test electronic designs.
003.061-038 ELECTRONICS-RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on electronic phenomena, performing
duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
003.061-042 ELECTRONICS-TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, develops, and conducts tests on electronic components,
products, and systems, applying knowledge and principles of electronic theory, testing
methodology and procedures, and electronic engineering. Performs duties described under TEST
ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May develop or use computer software and hardware
to conduct tests on electronic products and systems.
003.061-046 ILLUMINATING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and directs installation of illuminating equipment
and systems for buildings, plants, streets, stadia, tunnels, and outdoor displays: Studies lighting
requirements of client to determine lighting equipment and arrangement of lamps that will
provide optimum illumination with economy of installation and operation. Designs lamps of
required light intensity and output, light control reflectors and lenses, and lamp arrangement
required to meet illuminating standards. Plans and prepares drawings for installation of lighting
system in accordance with client's specifications and municipal codes. Directs installation of
system to ensure conformance with engineering specifications and compliance with electrical
codes. May be designated according to type or location of illumination system designed and
installed as Building-Illuminating Engineer (profess. & kin.); Industrial-Illuminating Engineer
(profess. & kin.); Outdoor-Illuminating Engineer (profess. & kin.).
003.061-050 PLANNING ENGINEER, CENTRAL OFFICE FACILITIES (tel. & tel.)
Conducts studies to develop data required for planning central
office switching facilities, and prepares plans and schedules for acquisition and installation of
equipment to meet long term and current relief requirements: Conducts studies to accumulate
information on current services, equipment capacities, current traffic data and estimated
acquisition and installation costs. Analyzes data and forecasts on subscriber demands and
projected traffic to determine type, size, and quantity of switching equipment required. Plans and
schedules equipment acquisition, and installation, considering such factors as availability, current
and future costs, and other economic projections. Reviews implementation schedules on
continuing basis to ensure switching facilities have capacity within objective limits for subscriber
demands. Prepares modifications on implementation schedules for acquisition and installation of
switching equipment due to unforeseen increase or decrease of demands for services.
003.131-010 SUPERVISOR, DRAFTING AND PRINTED CIRCUIT DESIGN (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
drafting and designing layouts of printed circuit boards (PCB's) for use in manufacture of
electronic equipment: Confers with PCB vendors to resolve problems encountered with board
design. Reviews cost quotations for equipment and attends demonstrations to select equipment
for purchase. Requisitions supplies, such as film positives. May design or change design of
layout for PCB's [DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Performs duties as described under
SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title.
003.151-010 SALES-ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Sells electrical products, power, and systems and provides
technical services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title.
003.151-014 SALES-ENGINEER, ELECTRONICS PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS (profess. & kin.)
Sells electronic products and systems and provides technical
services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
003.161-010 ELECTRICAL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: electrical-laboratory technician
Applies electrical theory and related knowledge to test and
modify developmental or operational electrical machinery and electrical control equipment and
circuitry in industrial or commercial plants and laboratories: Assembles and tests experimental
motor-control devices, switch panels, transformers, generator windings, solenoids, and other
electrical equipment and components according to engineering data and knowledge of electrical
principles. Modifies electrical prototypes to correct functional deviations under direction of
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.). Diagnoses cause of electrical or mechanical
malfunction or failure of operational equipment and performs preventative and corrective
maintenance. Develops wiring diagrams, layout drawings, and engineering specifications for
system or equipment modifications or expansion, and directs personnel performing routine
installation and maintenance duties. Plans, directs, and records periodic electrical testing, and
recommends or initiates modification or replacement of equipment which fails to meet
acceptable operating standards.
003.161-014 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Lays out, builds, tests, troubleshoots, repairs and modifies
developmental and production electronic components, parts, equipment, and systems, such as
computer equipment, missile control instrumentation, electron tubes, test equipment, and
machine tool numerical controls, applying principles and theories of electronics, electrical
circuitry, engineering mathematics, electronic and electrical testing, and physics: Discusses
layout and assembly procedures and problems with ELECTRONICS ENGINEER (profess. &
kin.) 003.061-030 and draws sketches to clarify design details and functional criteria of
electronic units. Assembles experimental circuitry (breadboard) or complete prototype model
according to engineering instructions, technical manuals, and knowledge of electronic systems
and components. Recommends changes in circuitry or installation specifications to simplify
assembly and maintenance. Sets up standard test apparatus or devises test equipment and
circuitry to conduct functional, operational, environmental, and life tests to evaluate performance
and reliability of prototype or production model. Analyzes and interprets test data. Adjusts,
calibrates, aligns, and modifies circuitry and components and records effects on unit
performance. Writes technical reports and develops charts, graphs, and schematics to describe
and illustrate system's operating characteristics, malfunctions, deviations from design
specifications, and functional limitations for consideration by engineers in broader
determinations affecting system design and laboratory procedures. May operate bench lathes,
drills, or other machine tools to fabricate parts, such as coils, terminal boards, and chassis. May
check functioning of newly installed equipment in aircraft, ships, and structures to evaluate
system performance under actual operating conditions. May instruct and supervise other
technical personnel. May be designated according to specialization in electronic applications as
Computer-Laboratory Technician (profess. & kin.); Development-Instrumentation Technician
(profess. & kin.); Electronic-Communications Technician (profess. & kin); Electronics
Technician, Nuclear Reactor (profess. & kin); Experimental Electronics Developer (aircraft
mfg.); Systems-Testing-Laboratory Technician (profess. & kin.).
003.161-018 TECHNICIAN, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVELOPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Tests developmental semiconductor devices or sample
production units, and evaluates test equipment to develop data for engineering evaluation of new
designs or special production yield study, applying knowledge of electronic theory and test
equipment operating principles: Designs basic circuitry and prepares rough sketches for design
documentation as directed by engineers, using drafting instruments and computer-assisted
design/drafting equipment. Evaluates, calibrates, and tests new equipment circuits and fixtures,
using testing equipment, such as oscilloscopes, logic and test probes, and calibrators. Builds and
modifies electronic components, using handtools and power tools. Assists engineers in
development of testing techniques and laboratory equipment. Assists with equipment
maintenance. Liaises between test project sites to ensure orderly flow of information and
materials. May supervise other technicians in unit.
003.167-010 CABLE ENGINEER, OUTSIDE PLANT (tel. & tel.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates activities concerned with
laying and repairing submarine telecommunication cables: Devises plans for laying cable lines,
taking into consideration ocean currents and ocean depths. Determines where and how cables
should be laid and decides such matters as where to place buoys, where to cut cable, what
grapnel to use, what length of rope to use for a given depth, what type of cable to use, and what
route to follow. Keeps charts and records to show depth and location of all cables laid. Analyzes
test figures made when cable fault occurs to determine exact location of cable break. Oversees
work of locating and repairing damaged cables.
003.167-014 DISTRIBUTION-FIELD ENGINEER (utilities) alternate titles: line inspector
Plans and outlines changes in power distribution facilities to
overcome unsatisfactory conditions, such as overloaded or underloaded circuits, and to provide
for new or anticipated load increases: Reviews complaints and reports of load requirements for
area under question to determine nature of adjustment to be made. Makes field surveys or studies
maps showing relays, line intersections, overhead and underground connections, feeder lines, and
other component elements of power system area under observation to ascertain where changes
can be made. Makes calculations, following standardized procedures, to determine amount and
type of replacing, switching, or other system revisions necessary to improve service.
Recommends installation of additional facilities if changes within existing system cannot meet
increased load. Makes notes and sketches of proposed changes and refers sketch to DRAFTER,
CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.) for detailed work drawings. May investigate low voltage
complaints by visiting area and determining if excessive load or power leakage causes defect.
003.167-018 ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, POWER SYSTEM (utilities) alternate titles: power engineer
Designs power system facilities and equipment and
coordinates construction, operation, and maintenance of electric power generating, receiving, and
distribution stations, transmission lines, and distribution systems and equipment: Designs and
plans layout of generating plants, transmission and distribution lines, and receiving and
distribution stations. Directs preparation of, or prepares drawings and specific type of equipment
and materials to be used, in construction and equipment installation. Estimates labor, material,
construction, and equipment costs. Inspects completed installations for conformance with design
and equipment specifications and safety standards. Observes operation of installation for
conformance with operational standards. Coordinates operation and maintenance activities to
ensure optimum utilization of power system facilities and meet customer demands for electrical
energy. May compile power rates and direct others in evaluating properties and developing
utilities in new territories. May be designated according to type of engineering functions as
Engineer, Design-And-Construction (utilities); Engineer, Operations-And-Maintenance
(utilities).
003.167-022 ELECTROLYSIS-AND-CORROSION-CONTROL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: corrosion-control specialist; corrosion engineer; electrolysis engineer; electrolysis investigator
Investigates causes and devises means to combat or eliminate
electrolysis of water, gas, and oil mains and pipelines resulting from stray electric currents
flowing in earth: Determines existence and locates sources of stray electric currents creating
electrolytic conditions, using voltmeters, ammeters, and other electrical testing apparatus.
Recommends preventive and corrective measures for protection of pipe and underground
structures, such as use of insulating and corrosion resisting materials. Confers with power
company personnel and power consumers and suggests methods to eliminate sources of power
leakage. Studies destructive properties of soil, corrosive actions, and other problems of
deterioration, and suggests methods of preventing or mitigating trouble. Writes reports of studies
and investigations conducted. May design and direct installation of cathodic protection stations
to minimize and control electrolysis. May design and construct apparatus for use in testing
materials or determining location of stray electric currents.
003.167-026 ENGINEER OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (utilities) alternate titles: development-and-planning engineer; planning engineer; system-planning engineer
Plans and coordinates activities to provide for orderly
development and improve operating efficiency of electric power system: Coordinates scheduling,
conducting, and analysis of special studies, such as commercial and residential developments in
surrounding territory, population estimates, and advantages of and facilities for interconnections
with other power systems. Coordinates collection and analysis of operational data, such as
system-load demands and generating capacity. Evaluates analyses and recommends additional
facilities to meet requirements of new, increased, or future loads, or to improve system.
003.167-030 ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE, STUDIO OPERATIONS (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: chief engineer; chief engineer, broadcasting operations; transmission engineer
Directs and coordinates radio or television station activities
concerned with acquisition, installation, and maintenance, or with modification of studio
broadcasting equipment: Evaluates studio needs for new broadcasting equipment to determine if
acquisition would be justified considering such factors as cost, availability, and improvement
gain in technical performance, and authorizes acquisition according to evaluation. Directs
activities concerned with layout and design of electrical circuitry for acquired equipment to
ensure conformance with codes and safety regulations. Establishes procedures for operation and
maintenance of studio, remote control, and microwave transmission equipment. Inspects, and
directs testing and maintenance of studio, remote, and airborne broadcasting equipment to ensure
operational performance meets company standards and rules and regulations of Federal
Communications Commission. Develops modification plans for existing broadcasting equipment
to improve technical performance. Directs modification and testing of equipment to ensure
operational performance meets specified standards. Prepares repair and maintenance schedules
for studio, remote, and airborne broadcasting equipment to prevent interruption of broadcasts.
Contacts telephone company personnel to ensure leased landlines or microwave facilities are
operative and available for network broadcasting [COMMERCIAL ENGINEER (radio-tv broad.)
003.187-014]. Prepares annual budget for engineering department and controls expenditures
within budget limitations. May direct and coordinate activities of transmitter personnel
[ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE, TRANSMITTER (radio-tv broad.) 003.167-034]. May operate and
maintain transmitter equipment to broadcast radio and television programs [TRANSMITTER
OPERATOR (radio-tv broad.) 193.262-038]. May inspect and direct repair and maintenance of
unmanned stations. Must hold First Class Radiotelephone License issued by FCC.
003.167-034 ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE, TRANSMITTER (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: director of engineering; engineer, chief; transmitter engineer
Directs and coordinates operation and maintenance activities
of radio, television broadcasting, or satellite uplink transmitter station in accordance with rules
and regulations of Federal Communications Commission: Establishes procedures and standards
for operation and maintenance of transmitter equipment. Trains workers to interpret readings and
indicator lights on control console and picture on video monitor, and to determine operating
adjustments required to obtain uniform audio sound level and video picture of specified clarity
and color. Tunes or directs worker to tune transmitter to ensure signal emissions and radiation do
not infringe on frequencies or broadcast area of other stations, and to obtain optimum operational
performance of transmitting equipment. Trains workers in diagnosing causes of transmitter
malfunctions, using test equipment, and in repairing or jury-rigging equipment (making
temporary hookup) to return transmitter to operational status. Establishes procedures for testing
of transmitter equipment, performance of preventative maintenance activities, and operation of
equipment during test of Emergency Broadcast System. Develops, plans, and prepares schematic
drawings designed to modify and improve existing transmitter equipment, and directs and
coordinates equipment modification activities to prevent interruptions in transmitting operations.
Prepares work schedules for TRANSMITTER OPERATORS (radio-tv broad.) 193.262-038.
May remove and repair, or assist workers to remove and repair equipment, using handtools, such
as screwdrivers, wrenches, and pliers. Must hold first class radiotelephone license issued by
Federal Communications Commission.
003.167-038 INDUCTION-COORDINATION POWER ENGINEER (utilities)
Investigates and eliminates inductive interference by power
transmission systems in telephones and radio receivers: Conducts technical investigations
relating to inductive-coordination problems, including joint field investigations with engineers of
communications and railroad companies. Checks proposed parallels between power and
communications circuits and recommends installation of facilities to eliminate or reduce
inductive interference. Consults with transmission and distribution line engineers on design of
lines for prevention or reduction of radio interference. Conducts research in detection and
elimination of the causes of radio noises in transmission systems. Assists municipalities on
problems related to control equipment for alarm systems.
003.167-042 OUTSIDE-PLANT ENGINEER (tel. & tel.)
Plans and prepares drawings for construction of new, and
removal or rearrangement of existing, overhead or underground lines, cables, and conduits to
obtain optimum and economical utilization of communications facilities: Analyzes traffic loads,
available and existing lines, and estimates or forecasts of projected traffic to determine new
construction or rearrangements and removals required. Selects routing of lines and equipment
required for work projects. Prepares detailed construction and installation drawings, estimates
equipment, labor, and material costs. Initiates work authorization request and submits request
with substantiating drawings and documents to management for approval. Orders materials and
equipment required and directs work activities to ensure conformance with engineering
specifications and work authorization.
003.167-046 POWER-DISTRIBUTION ENGINEER (utilities) alternate titles: electric-distribution engineer
Plans construction and coordinates operation of facilities for
transmitting power from distribution points to consumers: Lays out substations and overhead and
underground lines in urban and rural areas. Prepares specifications and estimates costs. Makes
complex electrical computations to determine type and arrangement of circuits and size, type and
number of pieces of equipment, such as transformers, circuit breakers, switches, and lightning
arresters. Computes sag and stress for specifications on wire and cable. Plans layout of pole lines
and underground cable and solves problems, such as determining height, location, spacing,
guying, and insulating of poles. May be designated according to specialization as
Overhead-Distribution Engineer (utilities); Rural-Service Engineer (utilities); Substation
Engineer (utilities); Underground-Distribution Engineer (utilities).
003.167-050 POWER-TRANSMISSION ENGINEER (utilities) alternate titles: electrical-transmission engineer; transmission-and-coordination engineer; transmission-line engineer
Lays out plans and estimates costs for constructing
transmission lines (high-tension facilities for carrying power from source to distributing points):
Visits proposed construction site and selects best and shortest route to avoid interference with
telephone or other lines. Submits data on proposed route to right-of-way department for
obtaining necessary easements. Arranges for aerial, topographical, and other surveys to be made
to obtain pertinent data for planning lines. Devises steel and wood supporting structures for
cables and draws sketch showing their location. Performs detailed engineering calculations to
draw up construction specifications, such as cable sag, pole strength, and necessary grounding.
Estimates labor, material, and construction costs, and draws up specifications for purchase of
materials and equipment. Keeps informed on new developments in electric power transmission.
Assists various departments of power company on problems involving transmission-line
operation and maintenance. Inspects completed installation. Does not usually plan facilities for
distributing power to consumers [POWER-DISTRIBUTION ENGINEER (utilities)].
003.167-054 PROTECTION ENGINEER (utilities)
Plans layout and oversees maintenance of protection
equipment of an electric power distribution system to minimize interruption to service and
danger to lives and equipment from abnormalities, such as overload, no load, and short circuits:
Studies drawings of power system and makes complex calculations to determine type, number,
location, and correlation of protectors, such as relays, circuit breakers, fuses, and grounding
devices. Plans adjustments and additions to protective system necessitated by increased demands
in development of new residential areas and unusual requirements of heavy industry. Coordinates
testing, repair, and installation of equipment. Studies new developments to determine suitability
of their application to protection system. May program and direct computer analyses of system
operating characteristics, such as power flow under normal and short-circuit conditions, system
stability, and voltage and load limitations to obtain data used for such purposes as timing major
system changes and additions, and analyzing interconnecting system problems. May be
designated according to specialization as Grounding Engineer (utilities); Relay Engineer
(utilities).
003.167-058 SUPERVISOR, MICROWAVE (radio-tv broad.)
Plans relocation, installation, repair, and maintenance of
microwave transmitters and receivers for cable-television broadcasting and gives technical
advice and direction to laboratory and field staff regarding microwave transmission and
reception: Plans installation or relocation of microwave transmitters and receivers for improved
cable-television reception, new channels, or on-site live-broadcast transmission, using knowledge
of microwave and electronic theory and electronic measuring and testing instruments. Directs
laboratory and field supervisors and technicians in technical aspects of relocating, installing,
repairing, and maintaining microwave transmitters and receivers. Monitors field and laboratory
technicians to see that F.C.C. regulations regarding microwave equipment are observed. Advises
field and laboratory staff on technical problems of microwave equipment, commercial-FM radios
used in company trucks, and portable radios used by field staff.
003.167-066 TRANSMISSION-AND-PROTECTION ENGINEER (tel. & tel.) alternate titles: transmission engineer
Plans and lays out telephone transmitting facilities from
engineering sketches: Advises and assists operation forces on application of transmission
methods, devices, and standards affecting telephone equipment. Provides engineering services
for protection of telephone service and facilities from noise, cross-talk, electrolysis, lightning,
and other adverse electrical effects. Investigates causes of personal injury resulting from contact
with high voltage communication equipment.
003.167-070 ENGINEERING MANAGER, ELECTRONICS (profess. & kin.)
Directs and coordinates activities of engineering department
to design, manufacture, and test electronic components, products, and systems: Directs
department activities, through subordinates, to design new products, modify existing designs,
improve production techniques, and develop test procedures. Analyzes technology trends, human
resource needs, and market demand to plan projects. Confers with management, production, and
marketing staff to determine engineering feasibility, cost effectiveness, and customer demand for
new and existing products. Forecasts operating costs of department and directs preparation of
budget requests. Directs personnel activities of department, such as recruitment, hiring,
performance evaluations, and salary adjustments. May direct field testing of products and
systems performed by field staff.
003.187-010 CENTRAL-OFFICE EQUIPMENT ENGINEER (tel. & tel.)
Directs implementation of planning schedule for installation
of central office toll or local switching facilities, or interoffice transmission facilities equipment,
such as radio, TV, camera, and repeaters: Reviews planning schedule or equipment request and
data on projected traffic to determine quantities of specific types of equipment required. Plans
arrangement of equipment, prepares cost estimates for equipment and installation, and submits
data to management for authorization approval. Prepares drawings and equipment specifications
for installation. Monitors installation activities to solve any problems concerning arrangement or
specifications. Assigns equipment and installation expenditures to specific program or project
accounts. Closes out installation authorization when equipment has been tested and put in
service.
003.187-014 COMMERCIAL ENGINEER (radio-tv broad.) alternate titles: traffic engineer
Plans use of wire facilities connecting stations comprising a
network to cover changing conditions and requirements: Evaluates technical capabilities of wire
facilities, according to availability and range, to obtain most effective method of transmission.
Reviews network program schedule to be linked to network stations, and projects use of wire
facilities. Subdivides wire facilities linking network stations for simultaneous broadcasting of
different programs to stations. Tests facilities prior to broadcast time to determine readiness of
transmission line. May prepare engineering estimates of equipment installations or modification
of existing equipment.
003.187-018 CUSTOMER-EQUIPMENT ENGINEER (tel. & tel.) alternate titles: services engineer
Directs activities concerned with selection and installation of
telephone facilities and special equipment on customer's premises to meet customer's
communication requirements: Reviews sales order to ascertain extent of telephone facilities and
equipment required. Inspects customer premises to ascertain space available for installation of
equipment and to determine type and quantity of designated equipment that can be installed to
provide specific communication facilities. Prepares floor plan of equipment arrangement for
customer or architect approval. Prepares cost estimate for equipment and installation and submits
data to management for authorization to proceed with job. Orders equipment, prepares
installation specifications, and monitors progress of installation to ensure facilities are ready on
specified date. Prepares all job-related paper work and closes out work authorization when
equipment is in service.
003.261-010 INSTRUMENTATION TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Devises, selects, sets up, and operates electronic
instrumentation and related electromechanical or electrohydraulic apparatus used for operational
and environmental testing of mechanical, structural, or electrical equipment, and translates test
data for engineering personnel to formulate engineering design and evaluation decisions: Selects,
installs, calibrates, and checks sensing, telemetering, and recording instrumentation and circuitry,
and develops specifications for nonstandard apparatus according to engineering data,
characteristics of equipment under test, and capabilities of procurable test apparatus. Sketches
and builds or modifies jigs, fixtures, and instruments and related apparatus, and verifies
dimensional and functional acceptability of devices fabricated by craft or technical personnel.
Performs preventive and corrective maintenance of test apparatus and peripheral equipment.
Installs or directs technical personnel in installation of unit in test chamber or other test facility.
Operates test apparatus during test cycle to produce, regulate, and record effects of actual or
simulated conditions, such as vibration, stress, temperature, humidity, pressure, altitude, and
acceleration. Analyzes and converts test data to usable form, using mathematical formulas, and
prepares graphs and written reports to translate test results. May plan test program. May use
computerized equipment and software to perform testing functions and produce graphs. May be
designated according to equipment tested as Rocket-Control Technician (profess. & kin.); or
according to nature of test as Environmental-Research Test Technician (profess. & kin.);
Vibration Technician (profess. & kin.).
003.261-014 CONTROLS DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: controls project engineer
Designs and drafts systems of electrical, hydraulic, and
pneumatic controls for machines and equipment, such as arc welders, robots, conveyors, and
$T3programmable controllers,$T1 applying knowledge of electricity, electronics, hydraulics, and
pneumatics: Discusses project with SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title and
APPLICATIONS ENGINEER, MANUFACTURING (profess. & kin.) 007.061-038 to review
functions of machines and equipment. Designs and drafts arrangement of linkage of conductors,
relays, and other components of electrical, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic, and lubrication
devices, using drafting tools, and applying knowledge of electrical engineering and drafting
[DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Diagrams logic system for functions such as
sequence and timing control. Designs and drafts diagrams of cable connection for robots, robot
end-of-arm tool, $T3robot controller,$T1 and other machines. Illustrates and describes
installation and maintenance details, such as where bearings should be lubricated, types of
lubrication, and which parts are lubricated automatically and manually. Confers with
ASSEMBLER AND WIRER, INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT (elec. equip.; machinery mfg.)
826.361-010 to resolve problems regarding building of controls systems. Reviews schematics
with customer's representatives to answer questions during installation of robot systems.
Observes gauges during trial run of programmed machine and equipment operation to verify that
electrical signals in system conform to specifications. May design controls for energy conversion
or other industrial plant monitoring systems. May use computer and software programs to
produce design drawings and be designated Controls Designer, Computer-Assisted (profess. &
kin.).
003.261-018 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LAYOUT DESIGNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: mask designer
Designs layout for integrated circuits (IC), according to
engineering specifications, using computer-assisted design (CAD) equipment and software, and
utilizing knowledge of electronics, drafting, and IC design rules (standard IC manufacturing
process requirements): Reviews and analyzes engineering design schematics and supporting
documents, such as logic diagrams and design rules to plan layout of IC. Confers with
engineering staff to resolve design details or problems. Enters engineering specifications into
computer memory of CAD equipment and composes configurations on equipment display screen
of IC logic elements (basic components of integrated circuit, such as resistors and transistors) for
all IC layers, using keyboard, digitizing work aids (light pen or digitizing tablet), and engineering
design schematics, and applying knowledge of design rules, programmed CAD functions, and
electronics. Compares logic element configuration on equipment display screen with engineering
schematics and redesigns or modifies logic elements, as needed, using digitizing work aids (light
pen or digitizing tablet), keyboard, and programmed CAD functions. Lays out, redesigns, and
modifies arrangement and interconnections of logic elements for each layer of integrated circuit,
using digitizing work aids (light pen or digitizing tablet), keyboard and programmed CAD
functions listed on display screen. Keys in specified commands, using CAD equipment
keyboard, to test final IC layout for errors in design rules, using design rule software package.
May generate copy of logic element design, using plotter to verify that logic element design copy
meets design requirements and for use in laying out IC layer design for Very Large Scale (VLS)
integrated circuits. May generate tape of final layout design for use in producing photo masks for
each layer of IC, using CAD equipment. May program CAD equipment to change CAD
functions listed on display screen, using keyboard. May be designated according to complexity
of IC designed as IC Designer, Custom (profess. & kin.); IC Designer, Gate Arrays (profess. &
kin.); IC Designer, Standard Cells (profess. & kin.).
003.261-022 PRINTED CIRCUIT DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and drafts layout for printed circuit boards (PCB's)
according to engineering specifications, utilizing knowledge of electronics, drafting, and PCB
design: Reviews and analyzes engineering design schematics and supporting documents to plan
layout of PCB components and printed circuitry. Confers with engineering staff to resolve design
details and problems. Drafts detailed drawings [DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title] and
composes master layout of design components and circuitry. Examines and verifies master layout
for electrical and mechanical accuracy. May verify accuracy of film reproductions of master
layout. May prepare copies of drawings for use in PCB fabrication, using blueprint or diazo print
machine. May generate computer tape for use in photo plotting design onto film, using digitizing
equipment.
003.281-010 DRAFTER, ELECTRICAL (profess. & kin.)
Drafts electrical equipment working drawings and wiring
diagrams used by construction crews and repairers who erect, install, and repair electrical
equipment and wiring in communications centers, power plants, industrial establishments,
commercial or domestic buildings, or electrical distribution systems, performing duties as
described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May use computer-assisted drafting
(CAD) equipment and software and be designated Drafter (CAD), Electrical (profess. & kin.).
May prepare detail cable layout and diagrams for cable installation and be designated
Electric-Cable Diagrammer (elec. equip.).
003.281-014 DRAFTER, ELECTRONIC (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: drafter, electromechanical
Drafts detailed drawings, such as wiring diagrams, layout
drawings, mechanical detail drawings, and drawings of intermediate and final assemblies, used in
manufacture, assembly, installation, and repair of electronic components, printed circuit boards,
and equipment. Examines electronic schematics and supporting documents received from design
engineering department to develop, compute, and verify specifications drafting data, such as
configuration of parts, dimensions, and tolerances. Performs duties as described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May use computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment
and software and be designated Drafter (CAD), Electronic (profess. & kin.).
003.362-010 DESIGN TECHNICIAN, COMPUTER-AIDED (electron. comp.) alternate titles: digitizer
Operates computer-aided design (CAD) system and
peripheral equipment to resize or modify integrated circuit designs (artwork) and to generate
computer tape of artwork for use in producing mask plates used in manufacturing integrated
circuits: Reviews work order and procedural manuals to determine critical dimensions of design.
Calculates figures to convert design dimensions to resizing dimensions specified for subsequent
production processes, using conversion chart and calculator. Locates file relating to specified
design projection data base library and loads program into computer. Enters specified commands
into computer, using keyboard, to retrieve design information from file and display design on
CAD equipment display screen. Types commands on keyboard to enter resizing specifications
into computer. Confers with engineering and design staff to determine design modifications and
enters editing information into computer. Keys in specified information, using keyboard
connected to on-line or off-line peripheral equipment (plotter), to produce graphic representation
(hard copy) of design for review and approval by engineering and design staff. Enters specified
information into computer, using keyboard, to generate computer tape of approved design.
005 CIVIL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the planning, design, and construction of structures and facilities, such as buildings, bridges, roads, harbors, airfields, dams, tunnels, and water supply and sewage systems. Also included are occupations concerned with the engineering aspects of environmental health systems and urban planning or renewal. Frequently requires a knowledge of industrial trends, population growth, zoning laws, and state and local building codes and ordinances. Accessory techniques needed are those used in agricultural, ceramic, chemical, electrical, geological, mechanical, metallurgical, and mining engineering. Typical specializations are structures, hydraulics, transportation systems, sanitation, water utility systems, airports, city planning, environmental protection, construction, engineering mechanics, irrigation and drainage, power, soil mechanics and foundations, pipeline engineering, and waterways and harbors.
005.061-010 AIRPORT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and lays out airports and landing fields and directs
construction work involved in leveling fields, laying out and surfacing runways, and providing
drainage: Designs runways based on weight and size of aircraft and prepares material and
construction specifications. Directs or participates in surveying to lay out installations and
establish reference points, grades, and elevations to guide construction. Estimates costs to
provide basis for payments to contractor. Observes progress of construction to ensure work is in
conformity with specifications and advises SUPERINTENDENT, CONSTRUCTION
(construction) regarding necessary corrections. May serve as agent or employee of contractor and
study plans and specifications to recommend special equipment or procedures to reduce time and
cost of construction. May schedule delivery of materials, analyze costs, and provide technical
advice in solution of construction problems.
005.061-014 CIVIL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and directs civil engineering projects, such as
roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation systems, pipelines, and
powerplants: Analyzes reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, tests, and aerial photographs on soil
composition, terrain, hydrological characteristics, and other topographical and geologic data to
plan and design project. Calculates cost and determines feasibility of project based on analysis of
collected data, applying knowledge and techniques of engineering, and advanced mathematics.
Prepares or directs preparation and modification of reports, specifications, plans, construction
schedules, environmental impact studies, and designs for project. Inspects construction site to
monitor progress and ensure conformance to engineering plans, specifications, and construction
and safety standards. May direct construction and maintenance activities at project site. May use
computer-assisted engineering and design software and equipment to prepare engineering and
design documents. May be designated according to specialty or product.
005.061-018 HYDRAULIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: hydrologic engineer
Designs and directs construction of power and other hydraulic
engineering projects for control and use of water: Computes and estimates rates of waterflow.
Specifies type and size of equipment, such as conduits, pumps, turbines, pressure valves, and
surge tanks, used in transporting water and converting water power into electricity. Directs,
through subordinate supervisors, activities of workers engaged in dredging, digging cutoffs,
placing jetties, and constructing levees to stabilize streams or open water ways. Designs and
coordinates construction of artificial canals, conduits, and mains to transport and distribute water;
and plans reservoirs, pressure valves, and booster stations to obtain proper water pressure at all
levels. Frequently builds laboratory models to study construction and flow problems.
005.061-022 IRRIGATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and oversees construction of irrigation
projects for transporting and distributing water to agricultural lands: Plans and designs irrigation
fixtures and installation of fixtures to requirements and specifications. Directs, through
subordinate supervisors, construction of such irrigation systems as dams, canals, and ditches,
according to type of soil, climatic characteristics, water supply, return flow, and other factors
affecting irrigation requirements. Conducts research on problems of soil drainage and
conservation, applying knowledge of civil engineering [RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. &
kin.)].
005.061-026 RAILROAD ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs railroad and street railway tracks, terminals, yards,
and other facilities and directs and coordinates construction and relocation of facilities: Plans
roadbed, rail size, and curves to meet train speed and load requirements. Directs, through
subordinate supervisors, construction of bridges, culverts, buildings, and other structures. Directs
track and roadway maintenance. Surveys traffic problems related to street railway system and
recommends grade revisions, additional trackage, use of heavier power, and other changes to
relieve congestion and reduce hazards.
005.061-030 SANITARY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: public-health engineer
Designs and directs construction and operation of hygienic
projects such as waterworks, sewage, garbage and trash disposal plants, drainage systems, and
insect and rodent control projects: Plans development of watersheds and directs building of
aqueducts, filtration plants, and storage and distribution systems for water supply. Directs swamp
drainage, insect spraying, and design of insect-proof buildings. Plans and directs workers in
building and operation of sewage-disposal plants. Designs and controls operation of incinerators,
sanitary fills, and garbage-reduction plants to dispose of garbage and other refuse. Advises
industrial plants in disposal of obnoxious gases, oils, greases, and other chemicals. Inspects and
regulates sanitary condition of public places, such as markets, parks, and camps. May plan and
direct operation of water treatment plant to soften and purify water for human consumption or
industrial use and be known as Water-Treatment-Plant Engineer (profess. & kin.).
005.061-034 STRUCTURAL ENGINEER (construction)
Directs or participates in planning, designing, or reviewing
plans for erection of structures requiring stress analysis: Designs structure to meet estimated load
requirements, computing size, shape, strength, and type of structural members, or performs
structural analysis of plans and structures prepared by private engineers. May inspect existing
projects and recommend repair and replacement of defective members or rebuilding of entire
structure.
005.061-038 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops plans for surface transportation projects according
to established engineering standards and state or federal construction policy: Prepares plans,
estimates, and specifications to design transportation facilities. Plans alterations and
modifications of existing streets, highways, and freeways to improve traffic flow. Prepares deeds,
property descriptions, and right-of-way maps. Performs field engineering calculations to
compensate for change orders and contract estimates. May prepare and present public reports of
environmental analysis statements and other transportation information. May specialize in
particular phase of work, such as making surveys, improving signs or lighting, preparing plans,
or directing and coordinating construction or maintenance activities. May be designated Highway
Engineer (government ser.). May specialize in studying vehicular and pedestrian traffic
conditions and be designated Traffic Engineer (government ser.). May plan, organize, and direct
work in transportation studies to plan surface systems and be designated Transportation Planning
Engineer (government ser.).
005.061-042 WASTE-MANAGEMENT ENGINEER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (profess. & kin.)
Designs, implements, and tests systems and procedures to
reduce volume and dispose of nuclear waste materials and contaminated objects: Identifies
objects contaminated by exposure to radiation, such as trash, workers' clothing, and discarded
tools and equipment. Analyzes samples of sludge and liquid effluents resulting from operation of
nuclear reactors to determine level of radioactivity in substances and potential for retention of
radioactivity, using radioactivity counters and chemical and electronic analyzers. Refers to state
and federal regulations and technical manuals to determine disposal method recommended for
prevention of leakage or absorption of radioactive waste. Compares costs of transporting waste to
designated nuclear waste disposal sites and reducing volume of waste and storing waste on plant
site. Confers with equipment manufacturers' representatives and plant technical and management
personnel to discuss alternatives and to choose most suitable plan on basis of safety, efficiency,
and cost-effectiveness. Designs and draws plans for systems to reduce volume of waste by
solidification, compaction, or incineration. Oversees construction, testing, and implementation of
waste disposal systems, and resolves operational problems. Develops plans for modification of
operating procedures to reduce volume and radioactive level of effluents, and writes manuals to
instruct workers in changes in work procedures. Advises management on selection of lands
suitable for use as nuclear waste disposal sites and on establishment of effective safety,
operating, and closure procedures.
005.167-010 CHIEF ENGINEER, WATERWORKS (waterworks)
Plans and directs activities concerned with water utility
systems installation, operation, maintenance, and service: Directs activities of engineers engaged
in preparing designs and plans to construct, enlarge, and modify such facilities as water treatment
plants, watersheds, and dams, hydroelectric stations, pumping stations, and to install water
mains, and other appurtenances. Provides engineering and technical direction for planning and
design of water utility projects. Reviews plans and specifications prior to instituting project to
determine whether they meet organizational requirements. Analyzes and compiles data received
from engineers to prepare budget estimates. Directs and coordinates engineers in conducting
studies, such as economics of systems operation, water distribution, and water treatment plants or
relative equipment performance to determine most feasible approach to meeting organizational
and technical problems. Confers with municipal authorities concerning budget requirements,
changes in organizational policy, regulation of water rates, and plumbing requirements, or other
problems affecting community.
005.167-014 DRAINAGE-DESIGN COORDINATOR (waterworks)
Plans, designs, and coordinates construction of drainage
systems in irrigation district, based on knowledge of soils, slope of land, and availability and
economic use of existing drainage canals: Requests engineering surveys and soil tests to
determine surface profile, types of soil, and characteristics such as salinity, water table, and areas
of subnormal crop growth. Studies data and sketches scale drawing of tile and open ditch drains
for area, using triangles, scales, dividers, and other drawing instruments. Indicates depth,
spacing, and size of tiling for crop area leading to district drainage canals. Considers drainage
cost to improve fertility, at least cost to farmer and district. Recommends deepening of drainage
canals when field elevation prevents gravity flow, or provides for installation of sumps and
electric pumps to drain low areas. Arranges for sale to farmers of district approved drainage
materials, such as concrete wells and pipes. Determines need for securing easements and
right-of-way deeds for district drainage structures. Inspects completed systems to determine that
installation conforms to plan.
005.167-018 FOREST ENGINEER (forestry; logging)
Lays out and directs construction, installation, and use of
structures, equipment, and road or rail systems, and performs other engineering duties concerned
with removal of logs from timber area: Surveys timber land and draws maps to show
topographical features of area. Determines locations of loading points and storage areas and
selects methods and equipment for handling logs. Lays out and directs construction of roads or
rail network used to transport logs from cutting areas to loading sites and storage areas. Plans and
directs construction of campsites, loading docks, bridges and culverts, equipment shelters, and
water and sewage systems to maintain efficient and safe removal of logs from constantly shifting
cutting areas.
005.167-022 HIGHWAY-ADMINISTRATIVE ENGINEER (government ser.) alternate titles: director, traffic and planning
Administers statewide highway planning, design,
construction, and maintenance programs: Coordinates activities of state highway engineering
agencies. Reviews highway and bridge plans, location, contracts, and cost estimates for technical
and legal accuracy, and approves acceptable proposals or makes corrective recommendations.
Directs workers in research activities related to highway planning and engineering, and
formulates highway engineering policies and procedures. Directs preparation of state agency
budgets. Directs workers in preparation of reports to state and federal government officials and
represents state highway commissioner at hearings with public officials, contractors, and
engineering personnel. Speaks before civic groups and public gatherings to disseminate highway
planning information and to solicit public support.
005.167-026 PRODUCTION ENGINEER, TRACK (r.r. trans.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates, through supervisory
personnel, activities of track maintenance crews of railway system: Analyzes engineering data
and inspects repair site to determine priority of proposed track repair and maintenance projects.
Coordinates scheduling of track maintenance and activities within designated region. Determines
frequency of track use and project costs, utilizing computerized data and knowledge of railroad
operations and maintenance expense to formulate recommendations for revising established
project priorities. Reviews production reports and confers with engineering personnel to identify
causes of low productivity of repair crews. Visits work sites to observe work crews and to
inspect repairs. Directs engineering supervisors to correct substandard repairs.
005.261-014 CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Assists CIVIL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) 005.061-014 in
application of principles, methods, and techniques of civil engineering technology: Reviews
project specifications and confers with CIVIL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) concerning
assistance required, such as plan preparation, acceptance testing, evaluation of field conditions,
design changes, and reports. Conducts materials testing and analysis, using tools and equipment
and applying engineering knowledge necessary to conduct tests. Prepares reports detailing tests
conducted and results. Surveys project sites to obtain and analyze topographical details of sites,
using maps and surveying equipment. Drafts detailed dimensional drawings, such as those
needed for highway plans, structural steel fabrication, and water control projects, performing
duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. Calculates dimensions,
profile specifications, and quantities of materials such as steel, concrete, and asphalt, using
calculator. Inspects construction site to determine conformance of site to design specifications.
May assist engineers to ensure that construction and repair of water and wastewater treatment
systems meet pollution control requirements.
005.281-010 DRAFTER, CIVIL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: drafter, civil engineering; drafter, construction; drafter, engineering
Drafts detailed construction drawings, topographical profiles,
and related maps and specifications used in planning and construction of civil engineering
projects, such as highways, river and harbor improvements, flood control, and drainage: Reviews
rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data received from CIVIL
ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) 005.061-014. Plots maps and charts showing profiles and
cross-sections, indicating relation of topographical contours and elevations to buildings, retaining
walls, tunnels, overhead power lines, and other structures. Drafts detailed drawings of structures
and installations, such as roads, culverts, fresh water supply, sewage disposal systems, dikes,
wharfs, and breakwaters. Computes volume of tonnage of excavations and fills and prepares
graphs and hauling diagrams used in earthmoving operations. Performs other duties as described
under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May accompany survey crew in field to locate
grading markers or to collect data required for revision of construction drawings. May specialize
in drafting and modifying topographical maps from surveying notes and aerial photographs and
be designated Drafter, Topographical (profess. & kin.). May use computer-assisted drafting
(CAD) equipment and software and be designated Drafter, Civil (CAD) (profess. & kin.).
005.281-014 DRAFTER, STRUCTURAL (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title
by drawing plans and details for structures employing structural reinforcing steel, concrete,
masonry, wood, and other structural materials. Produces plans and details of foundations,
building frame, floor and roof framing, and other structural elements.
006 CERAMIC ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design, manufacture, and application of products made from nonmetallic minerals and rocks; and the design, construction, and control of necessary equipment and tools for the manufacture of such products. Accessory techniques include those used in chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering, and physics and mineralogy. Typical specializations are structural materials, abrasives, cements, glass, whiteware, and refractories. Occupations which are involved in only one phase of engineering, such as research, design, testing, sales, or project control, are found in Group 019.
006.061-010 CERAMIC DESIGN ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs ceramics manufacturing equipment and products,
performing duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.)
Master Title; DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.061-014 CERAMIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research, designs machinery, develops processing
techniques, and directs technical work concerned with manufacture of ceramic products: Directs
testing of physical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties of materials, such as clays and silicas.
Analyzes results of test to determine combinations of materials which will improve quality of
products. Conducts research into methods of processing, forming, and firing of clays to develop
new ceramic products, such as ceramic machine tools, refractories for space vehicles, and for use
in glass and steel furnaces. Designs equipment and apparatus for forming, firing, and handling
products. Coordinates testing activities of finished products for characteristics, such as texture,
color, durability, glazing, and refractory properties. May specialize in one branch of ceramic
production, such as brick, glass, crockery, tile, pipe, or refractories. May specialize in developing
heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials for use in aerospace, electronics, and nuclear
energy fields.
006.061-018 CERAMIC RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to develop new ceramic products
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.061-022 CERAMICS TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on ceramic products performing duties as
described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, CERAMIC PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Sells ceramic products and provides technical services for
client performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
006.261-010 SCIENTIFIC GLASS BLOWER (glass products) alternate titles: glass technician; glass technologist
Fabricates, modifies, and repairs experimental and laboratory
glass products, using variety of machines and tools, and provides technical advice to scientific
and engineering staff on function, properties, and proposed design of products, applying
knowledge of glass technology: Confers with scientific or engineering personnel to exchange
information and suggest design modifications regarding proposed glass apparatus, such as
distillation and high-vacuum systems. Cuts glass tubing of specified type, using cutting tools,
such as glass saw and hot-wire cutter. Heats glass tubing until pliable, using gas torch, and
blows, bends, and shapes tubing to specified form, using blowhose, handtools, and manual
pressure. Performs finishing operations to fabricate glass product or section, using machines and
equipment, such as $T3lapping$T1 and polishing wheels, spot-welding and sandblasting
machines, internal-plating equipment, and drill press. Measures products to verify dimensions,
using $T3optical scanner,$T1 micrometers, and calipers, and examines glass coloration for
degree of internal stress, using polariscope, to determine annealing requirements. Anneals
products, using annealing oven. Joins and seals subassemblies to assemble finished product,
using gas torch, handtools, and vacuum pump. May operate special equipment, such as
radio-frequency-fusing machine, to bond glass to metal, quartz, and ceramic materials. May
identify glass of unknown composition by heating with gas torch and evaluating curvature,
bondability, and color characteristics. May direct and train GLASS BLOWERS,
LABORATORY APPARATUS (glass products; inst. & app.). May design fixtures for use in
production of prototype glass products and prepare sketches for machine-shop personnel. May
prepare cost estimates for prototype glass products. May requisition or recommend purchase of
materials, tools, and equipment. May specialize in specific types of glass scientific apparatus and
have knowledge of effects of special environments on glass, such as radioactivity, vacuums,
gases, chemicals, and electricity.
007 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with application of principles of physics and engineering for the generation, transmission, and utilization of heat and mechanical power; and the design, production, installation, and maintenance of fabricated products, tools, machines, machinery, and associated or auxiliary systems. Accessory techniques needed may be those used in electrical, metallurgical, nuclear, and civil engineering. Typical specializations are steam and mechanical power generation, transmission, and utilization; hydraulics; instrumentation; controls; automotive engineering; tooling; heating and ventilating; air-conditioning and refrigeration; bioengineering; pollution control; systems engineering; research; design; testing; sales; and project control.
007.061-010 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEER (auto. mfg.)
Develops improved or new designs for automotive structural
members, engines, transmissions, and associated automotive equipment or modifies existing
equipment on production vehicles, and directs building, modification, and testing of vehicle,
using computerized work aids: Conducts experiments and tests on existing designs and
equipment to obtain data on function of and performance of equipment. Analyzes data to develop
new designs for motors, chassis, and other related mechanical, hydraulic, and electromechanical
components and systems in automotive equipment. Designs components and systems to provide
maximum customer value and vehicle function, including improved economy and safety of
operation, control of emissions, and operational performance, at optimum costs. Directs and
coordinates building, or modification of, automotive equipment or vehicle to ensure conformance
with engineering design. Directs testing activities on components and equipment under
designated conditions to ensure operational performance meets design specifications. Alters or
modifies design to obtain specified functional and operational performance. May assist
DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN (auto. mfg.) 017.261-042 in developing structural design
for auto body. May conduct research studies to develop new concepts in automotive engineering
field.
007.061-014 MECHANICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, plans, and designs mechanical and
electromechanical products and systems, and directs and coordinates activities involved in
fabrication, operation, application, installation, and repair of mechanical or electromechanical
products and systems: Researches and analyzes data, such as customer design proposal,
specifications, and manuals to determine feasibility of design or application. Designs products or
systems, such as instruments, controls, robots, engines, machines, and mechanical, thermal,
hydraulic, or heat transfer systems, applying knowledge of engineering principles [DESIGN
ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title]. Plans and directs engineering
personnel in fabrication of test control apparatus and equipment, and development of methods
and procedures for testing products or systems [TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title]. Directs and coordinates fabrication and installation activities to ensure products and
systems conform to engineering design and customer specifications. Coordinates operation,
maintenance, and repair activities to obtain optimum utilization of machines and equipment. May
design products and systems to interface machines, hardware, and software. May evaluate field
installations and recommend design modifications to eliminate machine or system malfunctions.
May specialize in specific field of mechanical engineering, such as heat transfer, hydraulics,
electromechanics, controls and instrumentation, robotics, nuclear systems, tooling,
air-conditioning and refrigeration; or in type of product, such as propulsion systems or machinery
and mechanical equipment; or in type of work, such as steam or gas generation and distribution,
steam plant engineering, or system planning.
007.061-018 MECHANICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.)
Designs and directs installation of plant systems or product
lines performing duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
007.061-022 MECHANICAL-DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Designs mechanical or electromechanical products or systems
performing duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
007.061-026 TOOL DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Designs single- or multiple-edged machine cutting tools, such
as broaches, milling-machine cutters, and drills, and related jigs, dies, and fixtures: Studies
specifications, engineering blueprints, tool orders, and shop data and confers with engineering
and shop personnel to resolve design problems related to material characteristics, dimensional
tolerances, service requirements, manufacturing procedures, and cost. Applies algebraic and
geometric formulas and standard tool engineering data to develop tool configuration. Selects
standard items, such as bushings and tool bits, to incorporate into tool design. Draws preliminary
sketches and prepares layout and detail drawings, using standard drafting tools and equipment or
computer-assisted design/drafting equipment and software. Modifies tool designs according to
trial or production service data to improve tool life or performance.
007.061-030 TOOL-DESIGNER APPRENTICE (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties as described under APPRENTICE (any
industry) Master Title.
007.061-034 UTILIZATION ENGINEER (utilities)
Solves engineering problems concerned with industrial
utilization of gas as source of power: Studies industrial processes to determine where and how
application of gas fuel-consuming equipment can be made. Designs equipment to meet process
requirements. Examines gas-powered equipment after installation to ensure proper functioning.
Investigates equipment failures and difficulties and diagnoses faulty operation. Corrects or makes
recommendations to maintenance crew to correct faults. Conducts safety, breakdown, and other
engineering tests on gas fuel-consuming equipment to ascertain efficiency and safety of design
and construction. May solve problems concerned with other gas-consuming equipment, such as
air-conditioning and heating.
007.061-038 APPLICATIONS ENGINEER, MANUFACTURING (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and coordinates integration of machinery and
equipment into manufacturing process of industrial establishment, applying knowledge of
engineering and programming, and using computer, precision-measuring instruments, and
drafting tools: Develops and writes equipment specifications, performance requirements, cost
analysis, and proposal for integrating machinery and equipment, such as robots, $T3robot
controllers,$T1 and $T3programmable controllers$T1 into manufacturing process, applying
knowledge of mechanics, hydraulics, pneumatics, electrical wiring, electronics, programming,
and manufacturing requirements, and using computer and calculator. Selects or designs robot
end-of-arm tools to meet specifications, using robot manuals and either drafting tools or
computer and software programs. Writes operating programs, using existing computer program,
or writes own computer programs, applying knowledge of programming language and computer.
Oversees installation to ensure machines and equipment are installed and functioning according
to specifications. Tests ability of machines, such as robot, to perform tasks, using $T3teach
pendant$T1 and precision measuring instruments and following specifications. Confers with
establishment personnel to implement operating procedures and resolve system malfunctions.
Determines parts supply, maintenance tasks, safety procedures, and service schedule required to
maintain machines and equipment in prescribed condition. Develops models of alternate
processing methods to test feasibility of new applications of system components, and
recommends implementation of improved procedures. Participates in meetings, seminars, and
training sessions to stay apprised of new developments in field. Confers with workers in other
departments, such as marketing, legal, and engineering, to provide technical information. May
develop and conduct robot and related equipment training programs and demonstrate skills to
trainees, using teach pendant, handtools, precision-measuring instruments, and following
schematics, plant drawings, and manufacturer's specifications.
007.061-042 STRESS ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts stress analyses on engineering designs for
electronic components, systems, and products, using mathematical formulas and computer-aided
engineering (CAE) systems: Analyzes engineering designs, schematics, and customer
specifications to determine stress requirements on product. Formulates $T3mathematical
model$T1 or three-dimensional computer graphic model of product, using calculator or CAE
system. Analyzes ability of product to withstand stress imposed by conditions such as
temperature, loads, motion, and vibration, using mathematical formulas and computer
simulation. Builds product model of wood or other material, performs physical stress tests on
model, and evaluates test results. Consults with ELECTRONICS-DESIGN ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) 003.061-034 to recommend design modifications of product based on results of stress
analysis. Prepares stress analysis reports.
007.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (utilities)
Sells mechanical equipment and provides technical-services
to clients as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.161-010 DIE DESIGNER (machine shop) alternate titles: design leader; die design drafter; die developer
Develops plans for single stage or progressive stage dies for
stamping, forming, forging, or extrusion presses, according to blueprints of product and
knowledge of press characteristics and process limitations: Drafts drawings of dies necessary to
form complete forging, stamping, or other part. Determines sequence and number of die stages in
which single or progressive cutting, punching, and forming will be accomplished, and type of die
sets required to produce complete part, based on knowledge of dies, forming processes, and
machines. Drafts scale drawings of each die set, delineating contours and dimensions for
manufacture of die. Compares part drawings with wood patterns of cast dies to determine
correctness of pattern dimensions and form. May observe setup and tryout of newly developed
die set in production machine to determine need for redesign or readiness for production use.
007.161-014 DIE-DESIGNER APPRENTICE (machine shop)
Performs duties as described under APPRENTICE (any
industry) Master Title.
007.161-018 ENGINEERING ASSISTANT, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: mechanical design technician
Develops detailed design drawings and related specifications
of mechanical equipment, according to engineering sketches and design proposal specifications:
Analyzes engineering sketches, specifications, and related data and drawings to determine design
factors, such as size, shape, and arrangement of parts. Sketches rough layout of machine and
computes angles, weights, surface areas, dimensions, radii, clearances, tolerances, leverages, and
location of holes. Computes magnitude, direction, and point of application of tension,
compression, and bending forces, and develops geometric shape of machine parts to
accommodate operating loads. Drafts detailed multiview drawings of machine and
subassemblies, including specifications for gear ratios, bearing loads, and direction of moving
parts, using engineering data and standard references. Compiles and analyzes test data to
determine effect of machine design on various factors, such as temperature, pressures, speed,
horsepower, and fuel consumption. Modifies machine design to correct operating deficiencies or
to reduce production problems. May measure machine and parts during production to ensure
compliance with design specifications, using precision measuring instruments. May specialize in
specific type of machine, such as air-cooled internal combustion engines, diesel engines, or
machine tools. May use computer-assisted design/drafting equipment and software to develop
designs.
007.161-022 MECHANICAL RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to develop mechanical equipment and
machinery, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
007.161-026 MECHANICAL-ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: engineering technician; experimental technician; laboratory-development technician; mechanical technician
Develops and tests machinery and equipment, applying
knowledge of mechanical engineering technology, under direction of engineering and scientific
staff: Reviews project instructions and blueprints to ascertain test specifications, procedures,
objectives, test equipment, nature of technical problem, and possible solutions, such as part
redesign, substitution of material or parts, or rearrangement of parts or subassemblies. Drafts
detail drawing or sketch for drafting room completion or to request parts fabrication by machine,
sheet metal or wood shops. Devises, fabricates, and assembles new or modified mechanical
components or assemblies for products, such as industrial equipment and machinery, power
equipment, servosystems, machine tools, and measuring instruments. Sets up and conducts tests
of complete units and components under operational conditions to investigate design proposals
for improving equipment performance or other factors, or to obtain data for development,
standardization, and quality control. Analyzes indicated and calculated test results in relation to
design or rated specifications and test objectives, and modifies or adjusts equipment to meet
specifications. Records test procedures and results, numerical and graphical data, and
recommendations for changes in product or test method.
007.161-030 OPTOMECHANICAL TECHNICIAN (optical goods; photo. appar.)
Applies engineering theory and practical knowledge, under
direction of engineering staff, to build and test prototype optomechanical devices to be used in
such equipment as aerial cameras, gun sights, and telescopes: Reviews project instructions, and
preliminary specifications to identify and plan requirements for parts fabrication, purchase,
assembly, and test. Prepares sketches and writes work orders and purchase requests for items to
be furnished by others, and follows up delivery. Designs, builds, or modifies fixtures used to
assemble parts. Lays out cutting lines for machining, using drafting tools. Assembles and adjusts
parts and related electrical units of prototype to prepare for test. Sets up prototype and test
apparatus, such as control console, collimator, recording equipment, and cables in accordance
with specifications. Operates controls of test apparatus and prototype to observe and record test
results. Computes test data on laboratory forms for engineers. Confers in technical meetings,
recommending design and material changes to reduce cost and lead time. May be assigned as
group leader to coordinate work of technicians, model makers, and others assigned to assist.
007.161-034 TEST ENGINEER, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on mechanical equipment performing duties as
described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.161-038 SOLAR-ENERGY-SYSTEMS DESIGNER (profess. & kin.)
Designs solar domestic hot water and space heating systems
for new and existing structures, applying knowledge of energy requirements of structure, local
climatological conditions, solar technology, and thermodynamics: Estimates energy requirements
of new or existing structures, based on analysis of utility bills of structure, calculations of
thermal efficiency of structure, and prevailing climatological conditions. Determines type of
solar system, such as water, glycol, or silicone, which functions most efficiently under prevailing
climatological conditions. Calculates on-site heat generating capacity of different solar panels to
determine optimum size and type of panels which meet structure's energy requirements. Arranges
location of solar system components, such as panel, pumps, and storage tanks, to minimize
length and number of direction changes in pipes and reconstruction of existing structures. Studies
engineering tables to determine size of pipes and pumps required to maintain specified flow rate
through solar panels. Specifies types of electrical controls, such as differential thermostat,
temperature sensors, and solenoid valves, compatible with other system components, using
knowledge of control systems. Completes parts list, specifying components of system. Draws
wiring, piping, and other diagrams, using drafting tools. May inspect structures to compile data
used in solar system design, such as structure's angle of alignment with sun and temperature of
incoming cold water. May inspect construction of system to ensure adherence to design
specifications.
007.167-010 DIE-DRAWING CHECKER (profess. & kin.)
Examines die design drawings prepared by DIE DESIGNER
(machine shop) for accuracy of design detail and to assure production feasibility of die sets:
Computes dimensions of drawings to check accuracy of figures and proper placement of layout.
Ascertains that production parts can be fabricated with dies as designed by applying thorough
knowledge of machine capacities. Returns erroneous drawings to original designer for correction,
indicating orally, or in writing, changes to be made.
007.167-014 PLANT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: factory engineer; superintendent, mechanical
Plans, directs, and coordinates activities concerned with
design, construction, modification, and maintenance of equipment and machinery in industrial
plant: Establishes standards and policies for pollution control, installation, modification, quality
control, testing, operating procedure, inspection, and maintenance of equipment, according to
engineering principles and safety regulations. Directs maintenance of plant buildings and
coordinates requirements for new designs, surveys, and maintenance schedules for equipment
and machinery. Prepares bid sheets and contracts for construction and facilities acquisition. Tests
newly installed machines and equipment to ensure fulfillment of contract specifications.
007.167-018 TOOL PROGRAMMER, NUMERICAL CONTROL (any industry) alternate titles: computer-programmer, numerical control; programmer, numerical control; tool programmer
Plans numerical control program to control contour-path
machining of metal parts on automatic machine tools: Analyzes drawings, sketches, and design
data of part to determine dimension and configuration of cuts, selection of cutting tools, and
machine speeds and feed rates, according to knowledge of machine shop processes, part
specifications, and machine capabilities. Determines reference points and direction of machine
cutting paths. Computes angular and linear dimensions, radii, and curvatures, and outlines
sequence of operations required to machine part. Prepares geometric layout on graph paper or
using computer-assisted drafting software to show location of reference points and direction of
cutting paths, using drafting instruments or computer. Writes instruction sheets and cutter lists to
guide setup and operation of machine. Writes program of machine instructions in symbolic
language to encode numerical control tape or direct numerical control data base to regulate
movement of machine along cutting path. Compares encoded tape or computer printout with
original program sheet to assure accuracy of machine instructions. Revises program to eliminate
instruction errors or omissions. Observes operation of machine on trial run to prove taped or
programmed instructions.
007.181-010 HEAT-TRANSFER TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Plans requirements for fabricating, installing, testing, and
servicing climate control and heat transfer assemblies and systems to assist engineering
personnel, utilizing knowledge of heat transfer technology and engineering methods: Calculates
required capacities for equipment units of proposed system to obtain specified performance and
submits data to engineering personnel for approval. Studies supplier catalogs and technical data
to recommend equipment unit selections for system. Prepares unit design layouts and detail
drawings for fabricating parts and assembling system. Estimates cost factors, such as labor and
material for purchased and fabricated parts, and costs for assembling, testing and installing in
customer's premises. Fabricates nonstandard parts for system, using metalworking machinery
and assembles system, using handtools and power tools. Installs test fixtures, apparatus, and
controls and conducts operational tests under specified conditions. Analyzes test data and
prepares report for evaluation by engineering personnel. Installs system in customer premises
and tests operational performance for compliance with contract specifications and applicable
codes. Diagnoses special service problems of systems under service contract and writes
instructions for service or repair personnel. May be designated according to specialty as
Air-Conditioning Technician (profess. & kin.); Heating Technician (profess. & kin.);
Refrigerating Technician (profess. & kin.).
007.261-010 CHIEF DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: layer-out; lay-out drafter
Draws rough layout and sketches, and assigns work to and
directs subordinate drafting workers: Sketches layout according to design proposal and standard
specifications and practices. Assigns drafting of detail drawings to subordinate personnel and
verifies accuracy and completeness of finished drawings. May perform duties described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.261-014 DRAFTER, CASTINGS (profess. & kin.)
Drafts detailed drawings for castings which require special
knowledge and attention to shrinkage allowances and such factors as minimum radii of fillets and
rounds. Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.261-018 DRAFTER, PATENT (profess. & kin.) Drafts clear and accurate drawings of varied sorts of mechanical devices for use of LAWYER, PATENT (profess. & kin.) in obtaining patent rights. Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.261-022 DRAFTER, TOOL DESIGN (profess. & kin.)
Drafts detailed drawing plans for manufacture of tools,
usually following designs and specifications indicated by TOOL DESIGNER (profess. & kin.).
Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.267-010 DRAWINGS CHECKER, ENGINEERING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: standards analyst
Examines engineering drawings of military and commercial
parts, assemblies, and installations to detect errors in design documents: Compares figures and
lines on production drawing or diagram with production layout, examining angles, dimensions,
bend allowances, and tolerances for accuracy. Determines practicality of design, material
selection, available tooling, and fabrication process, applying knowledge of drafting and
manufacturing methods. Confers with design personnel to resolve drawing and design
discrepancies. May specialize in checking specific types of designs, such as mechanical
assemblies, microelectronic circuitry, or fluid-flow systems. May operate copier equipment to
make duplicates of designs.
007.267-014 TOOL DESIGN CHECKER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: tool drawing checker
Examines tool drawings prepared by TOOL DESIGNER
(profess. & kin.) 007.061-026 for inaccuracies of detail and evaluates overall tool design for fit,
form, and function, utilizing knowledge of engineering principles, tool design methods, and
manufacturing processes: Measures drawing dimensions, and compares figures with dimensions
on original layout, specifications, or sample part to verify measurements conform to scale. Marks
verified or out-of-scale dimensions on drawings. Inspects lines and figures on drawings for
clarity. Evaluates overall tool design for functionality, conformance to drawing standards and
design specifications, and manufacturing feasibility. Reviews material requirements for
standardization and conformance to industry specification manuals. Discusses design,
manufacturing, and related issues with engineering, production, or other personnel. Approves or
rejects design. May operate computer to examine and evaluate computer-generated tool designs.
007.281-010 DRAFTER, MECHANICAL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: drafter, engineering
Drafts detailed drawings of machinery and mechanical
devices, indicating dimensions and tolerances, fasteners and joining requirements, and other
engineering data: Reviews rough sketches and engineering specifications received from engineer
or architect. Drafts multiple-view assembly, subassembly, and layout drawings as required for
manufacture and repair of machines and equipment. Performs other duties as described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
007.362-010 NESTING OPERATOR, NUMERICAL CONTROL (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: computer-numerical-control nesting operator; pattern data operator
Operates computer to lay out graphic display of parts to be
machined in optimum arrangement (nest) and generate control media for numerical-control
drilling, routing, and cutting machines: Reviews shop orders to determine job specifications and
nesting requirements. Sorts shop orders into groups according to compatibility factors, such as
quantity and shape of parts, and type, size, alloy, and gauge of material to be machined to
produce nest that maximizes material utilization and minimizes machine setup and operation.
Enters computer commands to retrieve stored parts data and graphic displays, such as simulated
patterns or templates, and displays and manipulates part images on computer screen into
optimum arrangement. Calculates and codes machine controlling criteria, such as table
movement, type and size of cutting and drilling tools, spindle location, and machining start point,
feed rate, and speed, utilizing knowledge of numerical-control machine operation. Enters
commands to title and store nest layouts in computer memory and to build and maintain source
files. Keys in commands to transfer nest data, listings, or layouts to other media, such as
hardcopy, tape, or floppy disk, or to route nest data by direct link to direct-numerical-control
machines. Loads and unloads disk packs, tapes, or floppy disks. May operate digitizing
equipment to produce patterns. May discuss nesting or machining problems with machine
operators or other personnel.
008 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of chemistry and other sciences, such as physics and mathematics, and of engineering principles to manufacturing operations which involve chemical processes. Also includes the design, construction, and operation of industrial plants carrying out chemical processes. Typical specializations are heat transfer and energy conversion, food and pharmaceutical products, forest products, petrochemicals and fuels, and materials handling.
008.061-010 ABSORPTION-AND-ADSORPTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: adsorption-and-absorption engineer
Designs equipment and devises chemical processes to remove
and separate components of gas mixture or liquid solutions by absorption and adsorption, using
knowledge of chemistry and engineering: Devises processes and directs workers, using
equipment, such as crushers, grinders, kilns, screens, pumps, compressors, pipelines, valves,
tanks, and separators. Directs workers controlling flow of liquid or gas through an adsorbent,
such as fuller's earth, clays, carbons, charcoal, and bone char in granular form (percolation
method); or mixing adsorbent with liquid or gas and removing adsorbent by filtration, settling, or
combination of both (contact filtration method). Directs workers, using absorption method to
remove soluble constituent of gas or vapor by dissolving it in a liquid, using packed columns or
towers into which liquid is sprayed.
008.061-014 CHEMICAL DESIGN ENGINEER, PROCESSES (profess. & kin.)
Designs equipment and processes to produce chemical
changes in elements and compounds, performing duties as described under DESIGN
ENGINEER, FACILITIES (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
008.061-018 CHEMICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs equipment and develops processes for manufacturing
chemicals and related products utilizing principles and technology of chemistry, physics,
mathematics, engineering and related physical and natural sciences: Conducts research to
develop new and improved chemical manufacturing processes. Designs, plans layout, and
oversees workers engaged in constructing, controlling, and improving equipment to carry out
chemical processes on commercial scale. Analyzes operating procedures and equipment and
machinery functions to reduce processing time and cost. Designs equipment to control
movement, storage, and packaging of solids, liquids, and gases. Designs and plans measurement
and control systems for chemical plants based on data collected in laboratory experiments and
pilot plant operations. Determines most effective arrangement of unit operations such as mixing,
grinding, crushing, heat transfer, size reduction, hydrogenation, distillation, purification,
oxidation, polymerization, evaporation, and fermentation, exercising judgment to compromise
between process requirements, economic evaluation, operator effectiveness, and physical and
health hazards. Directs activities of workers who operate and control such equipment as
condensers, absorption and evaporation towers, kilns, pumps, stills, valves, tanks, boilers,
compressors, grinders, pipelines, electro-magnets, and centrifuges to effect required chemical or
physical change. Performs tests and takes measurements throughout stages of production to
determine degree of control over variables such as temperature, density, specific gravity, and
pressure. May apply principles of chemical engineering to solve environmental problems. May
apply principles of chemical engineering to solve bio-medical problems. May develop
electro-chemical processes to generate electric currents, using controlled chemical reactions or to
produce chemical changes, using electric currents. May specialize in heat transfer and energy
conversion, petrochemicals and fuels, materials handling, pharmaceuticals, foods, forest
products, or products such as plastics, detergents, rubber, or synthetic textiles. May be designated
according to area of specialization.
008.061-022 CHEMICAL RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on chemical processes and equipment,
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
008.061-026 CHEMICAL-TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on chemicals, fuels, and processes, performing
duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
008.151-010 CHEMICAL-EQUIPMENT SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Sells chemical processing equipment and provides technical
services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
008.167-010 TECHNICAL DIRECTOR, CHEMICAL PLANT (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: technical manager, chemical plant
Plans and coordinates technical activities in chemical plant,
pilot-plant, or chemical-engineering department: Directs activities of engineering personnel
engaged in preparing plans, designs, cost estimates, and specifications for experimental,
maintenance, or modernization programs to determine most feasible approach to technical
problems. Directs activities of engineers and technicians setting up prototype units designed to
perform experimental operations. Coordinates activities of workers engaged in testing and
metering unit operations, and collecting and interpreting processing records. Evaluates
performance records of chemical processes and physical operations and submits report of
findings to management. May prepare reports on cost of plant operation.
008.261-010 CHEMICAL-ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Applies chemical engineering principles and technical skills
to assist CHEMICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) in developing, improving, and testing
chemical-plant processes, products, and equipment: Prepares charts, sketches, diagrams, flow
charts, and compiles and records engineering data to clarify design details or functional criteria
of chemical processing and physical operation units. Participates in fabricating, installing, and
modifying equipment to ensure that critical standards are met. Tests developmental equipment
and formulates standard operating procedures. Tests processing equipment and instruments to
observe and record operating characteristics and performance of specified design or process.
Observes chemical or physical operation processes and recommends modification or change.
Observes and confers with equipment operators to ensure specified techniques are used. Writes
technical reports and submits finding to CHEMICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.). Performs
preventive and corrective maintenance of chemical processing equipment. May prepare chemical
solutions for use in processing materials, such as synthetic textiles, detergents, and fertilizers
following formula. May set up test apparatus. May instruct or direct activities of technical
personnel. May assist in developing and testing prototype processing systems and be designated
Chemical-Engineering Technician, Prototype-Development (profess. & kin.). May assist in
development of pilot-plant units and be designated Pilot-Plant Research-Technician (petrol.
refin.).
010 MINING AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the extraction of minerals from the earth, including planning the development of the mine. Accessory techniques include those used in geology and in civil, mechanical, electrical, metallurgical, and chemical engineering. Typical specializations are according to activities involved, such as exploration, extraction, mine layout, oil well development, safety, research, and supervision and management; or according to type of substance involved, such as metals, nonmetallic minerals, coal, or petroleum and natural gas.
010.061-010 DESIGN ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-FIELD EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs mining and oil field machinery, performing duties as
described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
010.061-014 MINING ENGINEER (mine & quarry)
Conducts research to determine location and methods of
extracting minerals, such as metallic ores and nonmetallic substances, such as coal, stone, and
gravel: Conducts or collaborates in geological exploration, and reviews maps and drilling logs to
determine location, size, accessibility, and estimated value of mineral deposit. Determines
methods to extract minerals, considering factors such as safety, operational costs, deposit
characteristics, overburden depth, and surrounding strata. Plans, recommends, and coordinates
mining process, type and capacity of haulage equipment, such as power shovels and trucks, and
labor utilization. Lays out and directs mine construction operations, such as location and
development of shafts, tunnels, chambers, position of excavation benches (levels), and access
roads. Designs, implements, and monitors facility projects, such as water and power supply,
ventilation system, rock-dust and radon gas control, drainage, rail and conveyor systems, and
material cleaning, grading, and reduction systems. May devise methods and locations to store
and replace excavated soil to reclaim mine sites. May analyze labor requirements, equipment
needs, and operational costs to compute and prepare annual budget reports. May apply
knowledge of mining engineering to solve problems concerned with environment.
010.061-018 PETROLEUM ENGINEER (petrol. & gas)
Analyzes technical and cost factors to plan methods to
recover maximum oil and gas in oil-field operations, utilizing knowledge of petroleum
engineering and related technologies: Examines map of subsurface oil and gas reservoir locations
to recommend placement of wells to maximize economical production from reservoir. Evaluates
probable well production rate during natural or stimulated-flow production phases. Recommends
supplementary processes to enhance recovery involving stimulation of flow by use of processes,
such as pressurizing or heating in subsurface regions. Analyzes recommendations of reservoir
engineering specialist for placement of well in oil field. Develops well drilling plan for
management approval, specifying factors including drilling time, number of special operations,
such as directional drilling, and testing, and material requirements and costs including well
casing and drilling muds. Provides technical consultation during drilling operations to resolve
problems such as bore directional change, unsatisfactory drilling rate or invasion of subsurface
water in well bore. Advises substitution of drilling mud compounds or tool bits to improve
drilling conditions. Inspects well to determine that final casing and tubing installations are
completed. Plans oil and gas field recovery containers, piping, and treatment vessels to receive,
remove contaminants, and separate oil and gas products flowing from well. Monitors production
rate of gas or oil from established wells and plans rework process to correct well production,
such as repacking of well bore and additional perforation of subsurface sands adjacent to well
bottom. May apply knowledge of petroleum engineering to solve problems concerned with
environment [ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)]. May be designated according
to specialty as Development Engineer, Geothermal Operations (profess. & kin.); Drilling
Engineer (petrol. & gas); Production Engineer (petrol. & gas); Reservoir Engineer (petrol. &
gas).
010.061-022 RESEARCH ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-WELL EQUIPMENT (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)
Conducts research to develop improved mining and oil well
equipment, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
010.061-026 SAFETY ENGINEER, MINES (mine & quarry) alternate titles: director, safety
Inspects underground or open-pit mining areas and trains
mine personnel to ensure compliance with state and federal laws and accepted mining practices
designed to prevent mine accidents: Inspects mine workings to detect unsafe timbers, cribbing,
roof bolts, electric wiring, elevators, explosives storage, equipment, and working conditions.
Examines walls and roof surfaces for evidence of strata faults indicating cave-in or rock slide
hazards. Tests air to detect concentrations of toxic gases and explosive dusts, using safety lamp,
methane detector, carbon monoxide register, and anemometer. Recommends alteration or
installation of ventilation shafts, partitions, or equipment to remedy inadequate air circulation of
air-conditioning. Applies principles of mining engineering and human engineering to design
protective equipment and safety devices for mine machinery. Gives instructions to mine
personnel in safe working practices and first aid, and strives to promote and maintain
safety-mindedness of workers. Investigates explosions, fires, and accidents and reports causes
and recommendations for remedial action to insurance companies, mine management, and state
authorities. May lead rescue activities during emergencies and maintain rescue equipment.
010.061-030 TEST ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-FIELD EQUIPMENT (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)
Conducts tests on mining and oil field machinery and
equipment, performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title.
010.131-010 WELL-LOGGING CAPTAIN, MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: mud-analysis-well-logging captain
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
analysis of oil well drilling mud and well cuttings during drilling operations to detect presence of
oil or gas and identify productive strata: Coordinates work of WELL-LOGGING OPERATORS,
MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) engaged in continuous sampling and analysis of mud
circulating through wells being drilled and preparation of mud analysis logs. Reviews analysis
made by workers of cores cut from wells to determine nature of earth formations penetrated.
Summarizes log data and core analysis records for engineering personnel. Initiates or
recommends personnel actions, such as pay increase, transfer or discipline.
010.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, MINING-AND-OIL-WELL EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)
Sells mining and oilwell equipment and provides technical
services to clients, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
010.161-010 CHIEF ENGINEER, RESEARCH (petrol. & gas)
Coordinates research activities to develop new and improved
methods of drilling wells and producing oil or gas: Directs, through subordinate engineering
personnel, planning and progress of experimental projects in drilling and production operations,
such as projects investigating composition of drilling mud, recovery of natural gasoline from
crude oil and gas solutions, or dehydration of crude petroleum. Assists CHIEF PETROLEUM
ENGINEER (petrol. & gas) in solution of technical operating problems. May direct research
activities in geochemical or other petroleum prospecting methods.
010.161-014 CHIEF PETROLEUM ENGINEER (petrol. & gas)
Plans and directs engineering activities of a petroleum
company to develop oil fields and produce oil and gas: Formulates programs for developing oil
fields, planning schedules for drilling wells and for constructing pumping units, crude-oil
treating units, and other production facilities. Coordinates projected activities with civil,
electrical, and other engineering departments. Directs, through subordinate workers, selection,
installation, use, and repair of oil field equipment. Directs PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (petrol.
& gas) in engineering work concerned with drilling new wells and producing flow of oil or gas
from wells, in maintaining well logs, and in other engineering activities. Directs laboratory and
field research to develop new or to improve old methods and equipment for recovery of oil and
gas. Keeps abreast of new developments in petroleum engineering. Selects, trains, and promotes
engineering personnel. May direct mechanical, civil, electrical, and other engineering activities.
May direct engineering and drilling activities in developing geothermal field and be designated
Director, Geothermal Operations (petrol. & gas).
010.161-018 OBSERVER, SEISMIC PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: field seismologist; geophysical operator; section-plotter operator
Plans and directs activities of field party engaged in collecting
seismic data used in prospecting for oil or gas: Designates location of shot holes and placement
of seismometers and connecting cables over blast area according to plot drawn by SURVEYOR,
GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas). Plans and directs activities of workers
engaged in laying out seismographic measuring apparatus over test area. Surveys area to verify
that equipment is in position specified and tests electrical circuits for continuity. Directs
SHOOTER, SEISMOGRAPH (petrol. & gas) to detonate charges placed in shot holes, using
short wave radio. Observes reaction of recording instruments to detect irregularity. Develops
picture of seismic wave pattern in photographic developing solution. Examines wave pattern on
subterranean strata for evidence of distortion caused by electronic crossfeed, short circuit, or
loose connection. Orders redrilling of shot holes and equipment layout to repeat shot. Directs
repair or repairs instruments or equipment, using manufacturers' manuals and handtools.
010.167-010 CHIEF ENGINEER (petrol. & gas; pipe lines)
Directs activities of workers in engineering department of
petroleum production or pipeline company and advises management on engineering problems:
Apportions work among engineering staff according to specialized training. Reviews engineering
designs for neatness and accuracy. Directs engineering personnel in formulating plans, designs,
cost estimates, and specifications for oil field or pipeline construction, maintenance, and
modernization programs. Supervises engineering office workers computing operating budgets,
compiling reports, and conducting special investigations and studies to evaluate efficiency of
engineering programs. May apply knowledge of petroleum engineering to coordinate work of
engineers engaged in solving problems concerned with environment [ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)]. May be designated according to engineering department
supervised as Chief Engineer, Drilling And Recovery (petrol. & gas); Chief Engineer, Pipeline
(petrol. & gas); Chief Engineer, Production (petrol. & gas); Chief, Reservoir Engineering (petrol.
& gas).
010.167-014 DISTRICT SUPERVISOR, MUD-ANALYSIS WELL LOGGING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: mud-analysis-well-logging supervisor, district; mud engineer; mud-logging superintendent
Plans and directs mud-sample testing operations: Consults
with SUPERINTENDENT, OIL-FIELD DRILLING (petrol. & gas) and interprets drilling logs
to determine status of wells being drilled. Plans and coordinates itinerary for WELL-LOGGING
CAPTAIN, MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas); WELL-LOGGING OPERATOR, MUD
ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) and other members of mobile field-laboratory crews to obtain
maximum utilization of personnel with minimum disruption of drilling operations. Interprets
mud analysis logs obtained by crews, for PETROLEUM ENGINEER (petrol. & gas).
010.167-018 SUPERINTENDENT, OIL-WELL SERVICES (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: manager, oil-well services
Directs activities concerned with providing technical services,
such as electrical well logging, gun perforating, directional or caliper surveying, and cementing,
acidizing, and formation fracturing, to assist in solving special oil well drilling and production
problems: Advises SUPERINTENDENT, DRILLING AND PRODUCTION (petrol. & gas) on
specific servicing problems and recommends use of specialized tools, techniques, and services.
Directs organization and training of personnel, and directly or through subordinate personnel
supervises servicing operations. Supervises repair and maintenance of equipment. Keeps records
of operations and prepares reports.
010.261-010 FIELD ENGINEER, SPECIALIST (petrol. & gas)
Collects fluid samples from oil-or gas-bearing formations and
analyzes sample to determine potential productivity of formation: Moves controls on panel to fire
charge into formation and to operate hydraulic mechanism which thrusts and seals probe into
perforation. Analyzes fluid in sample to determine potential productivity of formation.
010.261-014 OBSERVER, ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: electrical-logging engineer; electrical-prospecting operator
Measures resistance of earth formations to electrical charges,
using electrical apparatus to obtain data for locating rock strata favorable to further petroleum
exploration activities: Transports electrical equipment and instruments to designated locations,
and directs and assists in laying out and connecting cables, electrodes, instrument panels, and
other electrical equipment. Adjusts electrical instruments to eliminate electrical interferences
from earth currents or weather conditions. Opens and closes circuits to send electrical current
through electrodes into earth. Reads dials and records data of millivoltmeter readings at various
receptor points along cable to detect loss of potential due to resistance of earth formations.
Diagnoses cause of malfunctioning of instruments and cables and makes repairs.
010.261-018 OBSERVER, GRAVITY PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: gravity-prospecting operator; recorder, gravity prospecting
Records readings of gravity meter, torsion balance, and other
gravity-measuring instruments at various points in terrain to obtain data regarding gravity
characteristics indicating potential source of metallic ore or petroleum deposits: Sets up or directs
set-up of instruments at specified location and records readings. Examines readings for accurate
registration and adjusts instruments to specifications. Reads thermometers, barometers, and other
instruments and records variations in temperature, barometric pressure, elevation, and other
physical factors that affect instrument readings. May be designated according to instrument used
as Gravity-Meter Observer (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas); Magnetometer Operator (mine &
quarry; petrol. & gas).
010.261-022 SURVEYOR, OIL-WELL DIRECTIONAL (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: oil-well-logging engineer
Measures sonar, electrical, or radioactive characteristics of
earth formations in oil- or gas-well boreholes to evaluate productivity of oil- or gas-bearing
reservoirs, using sonic, electronic, or nuclear measuring instruments: Signals HOISTING
ENGINEER (any industry) to lower instruments into well, observing oscillograph and meters on
control panel to verify operating condition of instruments. Turns dials on control panel to adjust
instrument for specified recording and starts recording device when instruments reach bottom of
borehole. Prints copies of recorded graphs in truck darkroom [DEVELOPER (photofinishing)].
Interprets graphs for customer to indicate identity, porosity, oil- or gas-bearing content, and
productivity of geological formations. Measures borehole diameters, direction of borehole, and
inclination of geological strata, using microcalipers, directional indicators (clinometers), and
dipmeters. May be designated according to measuring instruments used as Acoustical Logging
Engineer (petrol. & gas); Nuclear Logging Engineer (petrol. & gas).
010.261-026 TEST-ENGINE EVALUATOR (petrol. refin.) alternate titles: research-test-engine evaluator
Collects and assists in evaluation of data obtained in testing
petroleum fuels and lubricants under simulated operating conditions: Inspects engines after test
runs have been made by TEST-ENGINE OPERATOR (petrol. refin.), for wear, deposits, and
defective parts, using microscope and precision weighing and measuring devices to obtain
accurate data. Records findings and assists in analyzing data. Assists in dismantling and
reassembling engines during test runs. May obtain and analyze samples of engine-exhaust gas.
010.267-010 SCOUT (petrol. & gas)
Investigates and collects information concerning oil well
drilling operations, geological and geophysical prospecting, and land and lease contracts from
other oil fields, the press, lease brokers, individuals, and organizations leading to possible
discovery of new oil fields: Interviews individuals and observes field operations to obtain data,
such as locations and depths of oil or gas wells or exploratory boreholes or of producing wells,
subsurface and geophysical survey results, methods of well completion, and volume of oil or gas
flow. Collects rock samples and cuttings and samples of oil or gas from wells. Inspects cores and
notes recurrence of specific strata in various boreholes to confirm or disprove concepts of
stratigraphy. Obtains information on purpose and locations of lease purchases, royalty contracts,
and other agreements made by competitive companies. Observations may be confined to
prospecting or to include drilling and producing activities. Must have knowledge of production
engineering, oil field practices, and geology. May sketch subsurface contours of geological
formations as indicated by data obtained. May negotiate with landowners for drilling leases, ore
royalties, and land options [LEASE BUYER (mine & quarry; petrol. & gas)].
010.281-010 DRAFTER, DIRECTIONAL SURVEY (petrol. & gas)
Plots oil- or gas-well boreholes from photographic subsurface
survey recordings and other data. Computes and represents diameter, depth, degree, and direction
of inclination, location of equipment, and other dimensions and characteristics of borehole.
Performs other duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
010.281-014 DRAFTER, GEOLOGICAL (petrol. & gas)
Draws maps, diagrams, profiles, cross sections, directional
surveys, and subsurface formations to represent geological or geophysical stratigraphy and
locations of gas and oil deposits, performing duties as described under DRAFTER (profess. &
kin.) Master Title: Correlates and interprets data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs,
or geophysical prospecting reports, utilizing special symbols to denote geological and
geophysical formations or oil field installations. May finish drawings in mediums and according
to specifications required for reproduction by blueprinting, photographing, or other duplication
methods.
010.281-018 DRAFTER, GEOPHYSICAL (petrol. & gas)
Draws subsurface contours in rock formations from data
obtained by geophysical prospecting party. Plots maps and diagrams from computations based on
recordings of seismograph, gravity meter, magnetometer, and other petroleum prospecting
instruments and from prospecting and surveying field notes. Performs other duties as described
under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May be designated according to method of
prospecting as Drafter, Seismograph (petrol. & gas).
010.281-022 WELL-LOGGING OPERATOR, MUD ANALYSIS (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: mud-analysis-well-logging operator
Analyzes mud and drill cuttings that are circulated through
oil- or gas-well boreholes during drilling operations, using special testing equipment, to detect
presence of oil or gas, and interprets findings to locate productive stratum: Attaches pump-stroke
counter, mud-tank level indicator, and other measurement devices to drilling rig equipment, and
connects electrical conductor cables to measurement devices and drilling rig monitoring
instruments to prepare field laboratory for testing of mud and well cuttings. Detects presence of
gas in mud by reading dial of gas-detection meter hooked up to detection devices in mud.
Collects mud and drill cutting samples during drilling operations, and inspects samples to
determine nature of earth formations encountered and presence of oil or gas in formation, using
ultraviolet light, microscope, and other laboratory equipment. Keeps records of dial readings and
tests made, and calculates depth of formations found to contain gas or oil. Performs minor repairs
to electrical and mechanical equipment.
011 METALLURGY AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the extraction of metals from ores, and their processing and conversion into final shape. Also includes the design and development of process methods. Accessory techniques needed include those used in chemistry, geology, ceramics, mineralogy, and in mining, chemical, and mechanical engineering.
011.061-010 FOUNDRY METALLURGIST (foundry) alternate titles: foundry technician
Conducts research to develop and improve methods of sand
molding, melting, alloying, and pouring of metals: Makes experimental sand molds, and tests
sand for permeability, strength, and chemical composition. Calculates quantity of alloying metals
required. Melts alloys and pours metals under controlled conditions to make castings. Performs
physical and radiographic tests and evaluates data to develop improved alloys and foundry
techniques.
011.061-014 METALLOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts microscopic, macroscopic, and other tests and
investigations on samples of metals and alloys for purposes as metallurgical control over
products or use in developing new or improved grades and types of metals, alloys, or production
methods: Directs laboratory personnel in preparing of samples, such as polishing or etching, and
designates area of sample where microscopic or macroscopic examination is to be made. Studies
photomicrographs and performs microscopic examinations on samples to determine metal
characteristics, such as crystal structure, porosity, and homogeneity. Interprets findings and
prepares drawings, charts, and graphs for inclusion in reports for reference or instruction
purposes, and writes reports regarding findings, conclusions, and recommendations. Coordinates
and participates in performing special tests, such as end-quench hardenability, bend and tensile,
and grain size tests.
011.061-018 METALLURGIST, EXTRACTIVE (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: metallurgist, process
Originates, controls, and develops flotation, smelting,
electrolytic, and other processes used in winning metals from their ores, for producing iron and
steel, or for refining gold, silver, zinc, copper, and other metals: Studies ore reduction problems
to determine most efficient methods of producing metals commercially. Controls temperature
adjustments, charge mixtures, and other variables in blast-furnace operations and steel-melting
furnaces to obtain pig iron and steel of specified metallurgical characteristics and qualities.
Investigates methods of improving metallurgical processes, as in the reduction of alumina by
electrolytic methods to produce aluminum, the distillation of molten ore to purify zinc, or
selective oxidation methods to extract lead, nickel, mercury, and other nonferrous metals from
their ores.
011.061-022 METALLURGIST, PHYSICAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates and conducts experiments concerned with
physical characteristics, properties, and processing of metals to develop new alloys, applications,
and methods of commercially fabricating products from metals: Conducts microscopic, x ray,
x-ray diffraction, and spectroscopic studies of metals and alloys, such as steel, cast iron, and
nonferrous alloys, to determine their physical characteristics, such as crystal structure, dispersion
of alloy particles through basic metal, and presence of impurities, fractures, and other defects in
metal samples. Develops melting, hot-working, cold-working, and heat-treating processes to
obtain desired characteristics, such as ductility, malleability, elongation ability, durability, and
hardness. Tests alloys in tension, compression, impact, bending, or fatigue devices to study
physical characteristics for manufacturing purposes or determine compliance with manufacturing
specifications and standards. Consults with engineers and officials to develop methods of
manufacturing alloys at minimum costs. May specialize in particular area of physical metallurgy,
such as development of improved techniques and materials, for use in production of pressed
metallic-powder products.
011.061-026 WELDING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops welding techniques, procedures, and application of
welding equipment to problems involving fabrication of metals, utilizing knowledge of
production specifications, properties and characteristics of metals and metal alloys, and
engineering principles: Conducts research and development investigations to develop and test
new fabrication processes and procedures, improve existing or develop new welding equipment,
develop new or modify current welding methods, techniques, and procedures, discover new
patterns of welding phenomena, or to correlate and substantiate hypotheses. Prepares technical
reports as result of research and development and preventive maintenance investigations.
Establishes welding procedures to guide production and welding personnel relating to
specification restrictions, material processes, pre- and post-heating requirements which involve
use of complex alloys, unusual fabrication methods, welding of critical joints, and complex
postheating requirements. Evaluates new developments in welding field for possible application
to current welding problems or production processes. Directs and coordinates technical personnel
in performing inspections to ensure workers' compliance with established welding procedures,
restrictions, and standards; in testing welds for conformance with national code requirements; or
testing welding personnel for certification. Contacts personnel of other agencies, engineering
personnel, or clients to exchange ideas, information, or offer technical advice concerning welding
matters. May perform experimental welding to evaluate new equipment, techniques, and
materials.
011.161-010 SUPERVISOR, METALLURGICAL-AND-QUALITY-CONTROL-TESTING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: physical-testing supervisor
Directs and coordinates, through subordinate supervisory
personnel, activities of workers engaged in testing finished and semifinished metal sample
specimens to determine if metallurgical and physical properties meet manufacturing
specifications: Reviews production schedules to ascertain work load and prepares schedules and
priorities for work. Assigns personnel to specific work assignments and reviews test reports to
determine if physical characteristics of sample specimens meet metallurgical specifications and
quality control standards. Investigates causes of defective material and advises supervisory
personnel of production department responsible of processing defects. Determines disposition of
substandard material, according to established precedent or practice or upon approval of superior,
such as downgrading, reprocessing, or scrapping material. Advises metallurgical personnel on
problems involving quality control and testing techniques and methods and on application of
metallurgical specifications to metal products.
011.261-010 METALLURGICAL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: metallurgical-laboratory assistant; metallurgical tester; physical-laboratory assistant
Examines and tests metal samples to determine their physical
properties, under direction of METALLOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.): Conducts routine
microscopic examinations of metals and alloys to determine their crystal structure, porosity,
homogeneity, and other characteristics. Polishes or etches metal specimens and photographs
samples, using photomicroscope, or directs photography technical personnel to take, develop,
and mount photomicrographs. Examines metal and alloy samples with x-ray, gamma-ray, and
magnetic-flux equipment to detect internal fractures, impurities, and similar defects in metals.
Tests samples in pressure devices, hot-acid baths, and other apparatus to determine strength,
hardness, elasticity, toughness, or other properties of metal.
011.261-014 WELDING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Conducts experiments and tests and evaluates data to assist
welding engineering personnel in development and application of new or improved welding
equipment; welding techniques, procedures, and practices; and specifications for material heat
treating: Assists engineering personnel in testing and evaluating welding equipment, metals, and
alloys. Evaluates data and conducts experiments to develop application of new equipment or
improved techniques, procedures, or practices. Recommends adoption of new developments and
applications to engineering personnel and demonstrates practicability of recommendations.
Inspects welded joints and conducts tests to ensure welds meet company standards, national code
requirements, and customer job specifications. Records inspection and test results and prepares
and submits reports to welding engineering personnel. Conducts certification tests for
qualification of personnel with national code requirements.
011.261-018 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts radiographic, penetrant, ultrasonic, and magnetic
particle tests on metal parts to determine if parts meet nondestructive specifications: Reviews test
orders to determine type of test requested, test procedures to follow, and part acceptability
criteria. Applies agents, such as cleaners, penetrants, and developers, and couplant (light oil
which acts as medium), to parts, or heats parts in oven, to prepare parts for testing. Determines
test equipment settings according to type of metal, thickness, distance from test equipment, and
related variables, using standard formulas. Calibrates test equipment, such as magnetic particle,
x-ray, and ultrasonic contact machines, to standard settings, following manual instructions. Sets
up equipment to perform tests, and conducts tests on parts, following procedures established for
specified tests performed. Examines surface-treated materials during penetrant and magnetic
particle tests to locate and identify cracks or other defects, using black light. Moves transducer
probe across part when conducting ultrasonic tests and observes CRT (cathode ray tube) screen
to detect and locate discontinuities in metal structure [ULTRASONIC TESTER (any industry)
739.281-014]. Examines film when conducting radiographic tests to locate structural or welding
flaws. Marks tested parts to indicate defective areas. Evaluates test results against designated
standards, utilizing knowledge of metals and testing experience. Prepares reports outlining
findings and conclusions. May perform similar tests on nonmetallic parts or structures.
011.261-022 LABORATORY ASSISTANT, METALLURGICAL (steel & rel.) alternate titles: metallurgical analyst; metallurgical inspector
Analyzes data obtained from investigation of physical and
chemical properties of metals, or processes used in recovering metals from their ores to select
method, standards, and procedures of examination and testing and conducts tests: Analyzes
operating records and test reports, or by personal observation and investigation, determines
conformance to established procedures, methods, and standards. Conducts physical, chemical,
and process examinations, using metallurgical equipment and instruments for routine, special,
and experimental investigations. Writes report indicating deviations from specifications and
recommends corrective measures for approval.
011.281-014 SPECTROSCOPIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: spectrographer; spectrographic analyst
Conducts spectrographic examinations of metal and mineral
samples under established procedures, using spectrograph, spectrometer, densitometer, and other
measuring instruments: Analyzes densitometer or spectrometer readings to measure density ratio
of specific elements in sample. Computes percentage composition of sample by comparing
intensity ratio with standard charts. Investigates deviations from standard, performing further
examinations by other spectrographic procedures and methods to establish degree of
conformance to standard. Records quantitative determination, procedure, and standard applied
for each sample examined.
011.361-010 TESTER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: physical tester; testing-machine operator
Measures tensile strength, hardness, ductility, or other
physical properties of metal specimens, using following prescribed series of operations:
Determines tensile strength on tension-testing machines. Measures dimensions of specimen with
scales and micrometers and records measurements. Screws or clamps specimen in holders on
machine. Clamps extensometer onto specimen and connects wire from extensometer to automatic
stress-strain recorder. Turns handwheels or moves levers to apply tension to specimen at
specified rate. Notes reading of indicator dial on control panel of machine or observes
stress-strain curve (curve obtained by plotting applied tension against resultant elongation) being
drawn by recorder to determine yield point and tensile strength of specimen. Removes pieces of
broken specimen from machine, fits them together, and measures amount of elongation. Makes
simple calculations of values, such as unit tensile strength and percentage elongation, using
tables. Records readings and calculations on special forms. Measures hardness of specimens
[HARDNESS INSPECTOR (heat treating) 504.387-010]. Measures ductility of sheet metal
specimens in sheet metal testing machine. May test specimens for plasticity and compression.
May specialize in testing iron or steel sheets for ductility and be designated Sheet Tester (steel &
rel.).
012 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design and installation of integrated systems of personnel, materials, machinery, and equipment. Accessory techniques may include those used in mechanical and various other engineering specialities. Typical specializations are plant layout; production methods and standards; cost control; quality control; time, motion, and incentive studies; and methods, production, and safety engineering.
012.061-010 PRODUCT-SAFETY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops and conducts tests to evaluate product safety levels
and recommends measures to reduce or eliminate hazards: Establishes procedures for detection
and elimination of physical and chemical hazards and avoidance of potential toxic effects and
other product hazards. Investigates causes of accidents, injuries, and illnesses resulting from
product usage and develops solutions. Evaluates potential health hazards or damage which could
result from misuse of products and applies engineering principles and product standards to
improve safety. May participate in preparation of product usage and precautionary label
instructions.
012.061-014 SAFETY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Develops and implements safety program to prevent or
correct unsafe environmental working conditions, utilizing knowledge of industrial processes,
mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and safety laws: Examines plans and
specifications for new machinery or equipment to determine if all safety precautions have been
included. Determines amount of weight that can be safely placed on plant floor. Tours plant to
inspect fire and safety equipment, machinery, and facilities to identify and correct potential
hazards and ensure compliance with safety regulations. Determines requirements for safety
clothing and devices, and designs, builds, and installs, or directs installation of safety devices on
machinery. Conducts or coordinates safety and first aid training to educate workers about safety
policies, laws, and practices. Investigates industrial accidents to minimize recurrence and
prepares accident reports. May conduct air quality tests for presence of harmful gases and vapors.
012.061-018 STANDARDS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Establishes engineering and technical limitations and
applications for items, materials, processes, methods, designs, and engineering practices for use
by designers of machines and equipment, such as aircraft, automobiles, and space vehicles:
Communicates with management of industrial organization to maintain knowledge of current and
proposed projects in order to develop appropriate standards for design and production of new
items. Evaluates data in scientific journals, suppliers' catalogs, government standards documents,
and other sources of information on materials, processes, and parts to update knowledge of
available resources. Prepares specification sheets and standard drawings designating parts and
materials acceptable for specific uses, using knowledge of primary engineering discipline and
related disciplines. Examines all factors involved to confirm that standards will result in most
economic use of material and labor consistent with safety and durability of final product.
Reviews standards prepared with other departmental specialists to assure consistency with
existing standards and those in other specialized disciplines. Communicates with user personnel
to confirm knowledge of standards and cooperation of various project groups. Follows
established procedures for retention of data developed to assure optimum storage and retrieval by
manual or automated methods.
012.067-010 METROLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Develops and evaluates calibration systems that measure
characteristics of objects, substances, or phenomena, such as length, mass, time, temperature,
electric current, luminous intensity, and derived units of physical or chemical measure: Identifies
magnitude of error sources contributing to uncertainty of results to determine reliability of
measurement process in quantitative terms. Redesigns or adjusts measurement capability to
minimize errors. Develops calibration methods and techniques based on principles of
measurement science, technical analysis of measurement problems, and accuracy and precision
requirements. Directs engineering, quality, and laboratory personnel in design, manufacture,
evaluation, and calibration of measurement standards, instruments, and test systems to ensure
selection of approved instrumentation. Advises others on methods of resolving measurement
problems and exchanges information with other metrology personnel through participation in
government and industrial standardization committees and professional societies.
012.167-010 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes proposed changes of product design to determine
effect on overall system, and coordinates recording of modifications for management control:
Confers with manufacturer or customer representatives to establish change-reporting procedure,
and prepares directives for change authorization and documentation by company and
subcontractor personnel. Analyzes proposed part-design changes and exhibits to prepare report of
effect on overall product for management action, using knowledge of engineering,
manufacturing, and procurement activities. Confers with department managers to obtain
additional information or to interpret policies and procedures for reporting changes in product
design. Audits subcontractor's inspection or technical documents preparation procedure to verify
compliance with contract requirements. Coordinates activities of personnel preparing manual or
automated records of part-design change documents and $T3first-article configuration
inspection.$T1
012.167-014 MANAGER, QUALITY CONTROL (profess. & kin.)
Plans, coordinates, and directs quality control program
designed to ensure continuous production of products consistent with established standards:
Develops and analyzes statistical data and product specifications to determine present standards
and establish proposed quality and reliability expectancy of finished product. Formulates and
maintains quality control objectives and coordinates objectives with production procedures in
cooperation with other plant managers to maximize product reliability and minimize costs.
Directs, through intermediate personnel, workers engaged in inspection and testing activities to
ensure continuous control over materials, facilities, and products. Plans, promotes, and organizes
training activities related to product quality and reliability. May investigate and adjust customer
complaints regarding quality.
012.167-018 FACTORY LAY-OUT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: planning engineer
Plans layout of complete departments of industrial plant or
commercial establishment to provide maximum possible operating efficiency: Measures and
studies available floor space and draws plan of floor space to scale, using drafting tools. Studies
sequence of operations to be performed and flow of materials. Studies and measures machines,
conveyors, benches, furnaces, and other equipment. Coordinates all available knowledge and
information into finished scale drawing, showing most efficient location for each piece of
equipment and necessary working area around each. May use computer-assisted design/drafting
equipment.
012.167-022 FIRE-PREVENTION RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: loss-prevention research engineer
Conducts research to determine cause and methods of
preventing fires and prepares educational materials concerning fire prevention for insurance
companies, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
012.167-026 FIRE-PROTECTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: fire-loss-prevention engineer
Advises and assists private and public organizations and
military services for purposes of safeguarding life and property against fire, explosion, and
related hazards: Makes studies of industrial, mercantile, and public buildings, homes, and other
property before and after construction, considering factors, such as fire resistance of construction,
usage or contents of buildings, water supplies and water delivery, and egress facilities. Designs
or recommends materials or equipment, such as structural components protection, fire-detection
equipment, alarm systems, fire extinguishing devices and systems, and advises on location,
handling, installation, and maintenance. Recommends materials, equipment, or methods for
alleviation of conditions conducive to fire. Devises fire protection programs, and organizes and
trains personnel to carry out such programs. May evaluate fire departments and adequacy of
laws, ordinances, and regulations affecting fire prevention or firesafety. Conducts research and
tests on fire retardants and firesafety of materials and devices and to determine fire causes and
methods of fire prevention. May determine fire causes and methods of fire prevention. May teach
courses on fire prevention and protection at accredited educational institutions. May advise and
plan for prevention of destruction by fire, wind, water, or other causes of damage.
012.167-030 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans utilization of facilities, equipment, materials, and
personnel to improve efficiency of operations: Studies functional statements, organization charts,
and project information to determine functions and responsibilities of workers and work units
and to identify areas of duplication. Establishes work measurement programs and analyzes work
samples to develop standards for labor utilization. Analyzes work force utilization, facility
layout, and operational data, such as production costs, process flow charts, and production
schedules, to determine efficient utilization of workers and equipment. Recommends methods for
improving worker efficiency and reducing waste of materials and utilities, such as restructuring
job duties, reorganizing work flow, relocating work stations and equipment, and purchase of
equipment. Confers with management and engineering staff to implement plans and
recommendations. May develop management systems for cost analysis, financial planning, wage
and salary administration, and job evaluation.
012.167-034 INDUSTRIAL-HEALTH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: industrial hygiene engineer
Plans and coordinates private or government industrial health
program requiring application of engineering principles and technology to analyze and control
conditions contributing to occupational hazards and diseases: Conducts plant or area surveys to
determine safe limits of exposure to materials or conditions, such as temperatures, noise, dusts,
fumes, vapors, mists, gases, solvents, and radiation which are known or suspected of being real
or potential detriments to health, and implements or recommends control measures. Directs
workers engaged in field and laboratory verification of compliance with health regulations.
Provides technical guidance to management, labor organizations, government agencies, and civic
groups regarding health-related problems, such as stream and air pollution and correct use of
protective clothing or accessories.
012.167-038 LIAISON ENGINEER (aircraft mfg.)
Coordinates activities to evaluate and resolve
engineering-related production problems encountered in assigned area of aircraft manufacturing
facility: Reviews production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related
information to maintain current knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities
in assigned area. Confers with quality control, material, manufacturing, and other department
personnel to provide technical support. Interprets engineering drawings and facilitates correction
of errors on drawings and documents identified during manufacturing operations. Investigates
reports of defective, damaged, or malfunctioning parts, assemblies, equipment, or systems to
determine nature and scope of problem. Examines, measures, inspects, or tests defective part for
conformance to engineering design drawings or blueprint specifications, using precision
measuring and testing instruments, devices, and equipment. Consults with project engineers to
obtain specialized information. Evaluates findings to formulate corrective action plan and
coordinates implementation of plan. Maintains records or oversees recording of information by
others to ensure engineering drawings and documents are current and that engineering-related
production problems and resolutions are documented. Serves as member of material review
board to determine disposition of defective or damaged parts. May specialize in investigating and
resolving tooling problems and be designated Tool Liaison (aircraft mfg.).
012.167-042 MANUFACTURING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates manufacturing processes in
industrial plant: Develops, evaluates, and improves manufacturing methods, utilizing knowledge
of product design, materials and parts, fabrication processes, tooling and production equipment
capabilities, assembly methods, and quality control standards. Analyzes and plans work force
utilization, space requirements, and workflow, and designs layout of equipment and workspace
for maximum efficiency [INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) 012.167-030]. Confers
with planning and design staff concerning product design and tooling to ensure efficient
production methods. Confers with vendors to determine product specifications and arrange for
purchase of equipment, materials, or parts, and evaluates products according to specifications and
quality standards. Estimates production times, staffing requirements, and related costs to provide
information for management decisions. Confers with management, engineering, and other staff
regarding manufacturing capabilities, production schedules, and other considerations to facilitate
production processes. Applies statistical methods to estimate future manufacturing requirements
and potential.
012.167-046 PRODUCTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and coordinates production procedures in industrial
plant: Directs production departments. Regulates and coordinates functions of office and shop.
Introduces efficient production line methods. Initiates and directs procedures to increase
company output.
012.167-050 PRODUCTION PLANNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: planner, chief; planning supervisor; process planner; production-planning supervisor; production scheduler; scheduler; tool-and-production planner
Plans and prepares production schedules for manufacture of
industrial or commercial products: Draws up master schedule to establish sequence and lead time
of each operation to meet shipping dates according to sales forecasts or customer orders.
Analyzes production specifications and plant capacity data and performs mathematical
calculations to determine manufacturing processes, tools, and human resource requirements.
Plans and schedules workflow for each department and operation according to previously
established manufacturing sequences and lead times. Plans sequence of fabrication, assembly,
installation, and other manufacturing operations for guidance of production workers. Confers
with department supervisors to determine status of assigned projects. Expedites operations that
delay schedules and alters schedules to meet unforeseen conditions. Prepares production reports.
May prepare lists of required materials, tools, and equipment. May prepare purchase orders to
obtain materials, tools, and equipment.
012.167-054 QUALITY CONTROL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and directs activities concerned with development,
application, and maintenance of quality standards for industrial processes, materials, and
products: Develops and initiates standards and methods for inspection, testing, and evaluation,
utilizing knowledge in engineering fields such as chemical, electrical, or mechanical. Devises
sampling procedures and designs and develops forms and instructions for recording, evaluating,
and reporting quality and reliability data. Establishes program to evaluate precision and accuracy
of production equipment and testing, measurement, and analytical equipment and facilities.
Develops and implements methods and procedures for disposition of discrepant material and
devises methods to assess cost and responsibility. Directs workers engaged in measuring and
testing product and tabulating data concerning materials, product, or process quality and
reliability. Compiles and writes training material and conducts training sessions on quality
control activities. May specialize in areas of quality control engineering, such as design,
incoming material, process control, product evaluation, product reliability, inventory control,
metrology, automated testing, software, research and development, and administrative
application. May manage quality control program [MANAGER, QUALITY CONTROL
(profess. & kin.) 012.167-014].
012.167-058 SAFETY MANAGER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, implements, and coordinates program to reduce or
eliminate occupational injuries, illnesses, deaths, and financial losses: Identifies and appraises
conditions which could produce accidents and financial losses and evaluates potential extent of
injuries resulting from accidents. Conducts or directs research studies to identify hazards and
evaluate loss producing potential of given system, operation or process. Develops
accident-prevention and loss-control systems and programs for incorporation into operational
policies of organization. Coordinates safety activities of unit managers to ensure implementation
of safety activities throughout organization. Compiles, analyzes, and interprets statistical data
related to exposure factors concerning occupational illnesses and accidents and prepares reports
for information of personnel concerned. Maintains liaison with outside organizations, such as fire
departments, mutual aid societies, and rescue teams to assure information exchange and mutual
assistance. Devises methods to evaluate safety program and conducts or directs evaluations.
Evaluates technical and scientific publications concerned with safety management and
participates in activities of related professional organizations to update knowledge of safety
program developments. May store and retrieve statistical data, using computer.
012.167-062 SUPERVISOR, VENDOR QUALITY (any industry) alternate titles: chief, vendor quality
Directs and coordinates quality inspection of parts,
components, and materials produced by subcontractors and vendors, and surveillance of
subcontractors' manufacturing processes: Directs sampling inspection, and testing of received
parts, components, and materials to determine conformance to standards. Conducts periodic and
special surveys of subcontractors' facilities and manufacturing processes to determine adequacy
and capability of quality control and ability to comply with complete quality specifications.
Reviews quality problems with engineering personnel and directs action required to correct
defects. Prepares periodic and special reports concerning departmental activities, problems,
subcontractors' quality system, schedules, and rejected items. Aids in organizational planning by
participating in departmental conferences.
012.167-070 TIME-STUDY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: efficiency expert; manager, production; methods-and-procedures analyst; production engineer; production expert; time-study analyst; work-measurement engineer
Develops work measurement procedures and directs
time-and-motion studies to promote efficient and economical utilization of personnel and
facilities: Directs or conducts observation and analysis of personnel and work procedures to
determine time-and-motion requirements of job duties. Analyzes work study data and equipment
specifications to establish time and production standards. Applies mathematical analysis to
determine validity and reliability of sampling and work study statistics. Applies principles of
industrial engineering and applied psychology to evaluate work methods proposals and to
develop recommendations to management affecting work methods, wage rates, and budget
decisions. Trains INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) in
time-and-motion study principles and techniques.
012.167-074 TOOL PLANNER (any industry) alternate titles: processor
Analyzes blueprints or prototype parts to determine tools,
fixtures, and equipment needed for manufacture and plans sequence of operations for fabrication
and assembly of products, such as aircraft assemblies, automobile parts, cutting tools, or ball
bearings: Studies engineering blueprints, drawings, models, and other specifications to obtain
data on proposed part. Applies knowledge of functions and processes of various departments and
capacities of machines and equipment to determine tool requirements and establish sequence of
operations to fabricate and assemble parts. Lists operations to be performed on routing card or
paper, indicates machines, cutting tools, fixtures, and other equipment to be used, and estimates
times needed to perform each operation. May prepare reports for PRODUCTION PLANNER
(profess. & kin.) in scheduling work for entire plant. May plan tool and operation sequences for
only one department. May specify type of material to be used in construction of tools.
012.167-078 DOCUMENTATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates preparation of project
documentation, such as engineering drawings, production specifications and schedules, and
contract modifications, to ensure customer contract requirements are met: Reviews contract to
determine documentation required for each phase of project, applying knowledge of engineering
and manufacturing processes. Schedules due dates for drawings, specifications, software,
technical manuals, and other documents. Monitors status of project to ensure documentation is
submitted according to schedule. Reviews and verifies project documents for completeness,
format, and compliance with contract requirements. Submits project documentation to
management for approval, and transmits approved documents to customer. Confers with
engineers, managers, customers, and others to discuss project, prepare documents, or modify
contract schedules.
012.167-082 MATERIAL SCHEDULER (aircraft mfg.) alternate titles: commodities requirements analyst; material planning and acquisition analyst; production control scheduler
Develops and analyzes lists of raw materials, purchased parts,
equipment, and other items required to manufacture aircraft and aerospace products: Reviews
and evaluates engineering drawings and blueprints to estimate quantity and type of materials,
parts, or other items required. Converts requirements to orders of conventional sizes and
quantities, considering factors such as existing inventories, unavoidable waste, and kind of
material to be used. Reviews material lists for conformance to company standard practices in
regard to parts and materials used. Schedules deliveries based on production forecasts, material
substitutions, storage and handling facilities, and maintenance requirements. Prepares or
authorizes preparation of purchase requisitions. Estimates need to reorder supplies due to
rejections and engineering changes during manufacturing cycle. Confers with purchasing,
engineering, planning, and other personnel to exchange information regarding inventories,
schedules, and related issues.
012.187-014 SHOE-LAY-OUT PLANNER (boot & shoe) alternate titles: shoe planner
Plans detailed instructions of operations in manufacture of
newly designed shoes: Compiles manufacturing data from designer specifications, such as last to
be used, size runs, ornamentation, saddle height, strap width, and color. Computes sizes of parts,
such as inserts, linings, quarters, or vamps according to shoe size specifications or following
$T3standard size system.$T1 Lists specifications, such as materials, stitching, and findings for
each shoe size. May cut paper patterns of shoe design. May cut traced design into pattern of shoe
parts.
012.261-010 AIR ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: air tester
Analyzes samples of air in industrial establishments or other
work areas to determine amount of suspended foreign particles and effectiveness of control
methods, using dust collectors: Starts dust collector apparatus that draws air through machine
and precipitates dust on tubes, plates, electrodes, or in flasks. Weighs or otherwise determines
amount of collected particles, such as lead, rock, or coal dust. Compares weight or count of
particles with volume of air passed through machine, and computes percentage of concentration
per cubic foot of air tested, using mathematical and chemical formulas. Prepares summary of
findings for submission to appropriate department. May recommend remedial measures.
012.261-014 QUALITY CONTROL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Tests and inspects products at various stages of production
process and compiles and evaluates statistical data to determine and maintain quality and
reliability of products: Interprets engineering drawings, schematic diagrams, or formulas and
confers with management or engineering staff to determine quality and reliability standards.
Selects products for tests at specified stages in production process, and tests products for variety
of qualities, such as dimensions, performance, and mechanical, electrical, or chemical
characteristics. Records test data, applying statistical quality control procedures. Evaluates data
and writes reports to validate or indicate deviations from existing standards. Recommends
modifications of existing quality or production standards to achieve optimum quality within
limits of equipment capability. May set up and perform destructive and nondestructive tests on
materials, parts, or products to measure performance, life, or material characteristics. May
prepare graphs or charts of data or enter data into computer for analysis. May specialize in
particular area of quality control engineering, such as design, incoming material, process control,
product evaluation, inventory control, product reliability, research and development, and
administrative application.
012.267-010 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Studies and records time, motion, methods, and speed
involved in performance of maintenance, production, clerical, and other worker operations to
establish standard production rate and to improve efficiency: Prepares charts, graphs, and
diagrams to illustrate workflow, routing, floor layouts, material handling, and machine
utilization. Observes workers operating equipment or performing tasks to determine time
involved and fatigue rate, using stop watch, motion-picture camera, electrical recorder, and
similar equipment. Recommends revision of methods of operation or material handling,
alterations in equipment layout, or other changes to increase production or improve standards.
Aids in planning work assignments in accordance with worker performance, machine capacity,
production schedules, and anticipated delays. May be designated according to type of studies
analyzed as Methods-Study Analyst (profess. & kin.); Motion-Study Analyst (profess. & kin.);
Pace Analyst (profess. & kin.); Time-Study Analyst (profess. & kin.).
012.281-010 SMOKE TESTER (smelt. & refin.)
Tests emissions from smokestack to determine if electrostatic
precipitator and flue recovery systems are operating within prescribed standards: Measures force
of gas flow by observing manometer attached to Pitot tube placed at various points in stack.
Obtains solids contained in gas by drawing metered quantity of flue exhaust through filter bag.
Computes total amount of gases and solids lost, using specified formula.
013 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the application of engineering principles and techniques for the solution of agricultural problems. Also includes the design and development of agricultural machinery and structures. Accessory techniques needed may be those used in civil, mechanical, power, and electrical engineering; mineralogy; chemistry; and biology. Typical specializations are soil and water conservation; farm electrification; farm fire protection; pest control; and farm power and machinery, farm structures, and rural roads engineering.
013.061-010 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Applies engineering technology and knowledge of biological
sciences to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification,
structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products: Develops criteria
for design, manufacture, or construction of equipment, structures, and facilities. Designs and uses
sensing, measuring, and recording devices and instrumentation to study such problems as effects
of temperature, humidity, and light, on plants or animals, or relative effectiveness of different
methods of applying insecticides. Designs and directs manufacture of equipment for land tillage
and fertilization, plant and animal disease and insect control, and for harvesting or moving
commodities. Designs and supervises erection of structures for crop storage, animal shelter, and
human dwelling, including light, heat, air-conditioning, water supply, and waste disposal. Plans
and directs construction of rural electric-power distribution systems, and irrigation, drainage, and
flood-control systems for soil and water conservation. Designs and supervises installation of
equipment and instruments used to evaluate and process farm products, and to automate
agricultural operations. May conduct radio and television educational programs to provide
assistance to farmers, local groups, and related farm cooperatives. Workers are usually
designated according to area of specialty or product.
013.061-014 AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to develop agricultural machinery and
equipment, performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
013.061-018 DESIGN-ENGINEER, AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs agricultural machinery and equipment, performing
duties as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
013.061-022 TEST ENGINEER, AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on agricultural machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
013.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Sells agricultural machinery and equipment and provides
technical services to client, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title.
013.161-010 AGRICULTURAL-ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares original layout and completes detailed drawings of
agricultural machinery and equipment, such as farm machinery, irrigation, power, and
electrification systems, soil and water conservation equipment and agricultural harvesting and
processing equipment: Applies biological and engineering knowledge, design principles, and
theories to ensure compliance with company policy, and an end product which will perform as
required. Maintains working knowledge of functions, operations, and maintenance of various
types of equipment and materials used in the industry to assure appropriate utilization.
014 MARINE ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the design, development, and installation of ship machinery and related equipment, including propulsion machines and power supply systems. Accessory techniques needed are those used in mechanical and electrical engineering. Typical specializations are construction and repair, design and layout, consulting, research, and the administration of engineering enterprises and government regulatory activities.
014.061-010 DESIGN ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs marine machinery and equipment performing duties
as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
014.061-014 MARINE ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Designs and oversees installation and repair of marine
powerplants, propulsion systems, heating and ventilating systems, and other mechanical and
electrical equipment in ships, docks, and marine facilities: Studies drawings and specifications
and performs complex calculations to conceive equipment and systems designed to meet
requirements of marine craft or facility. Oversees and evaluates operation of equipment during
acceptance testing and shakedown cruises. May specialize in design of equipment, such as
boilers, steam-driven reciprocating engines, heat exchangers, fire-control and communication
systems, electric power systems, or piping and related fittings and valves.
014.061-018 RESEARCH ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on marine machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
014.061-022 TEST ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on marine machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
014.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, MARINE EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Sells marine machinery and equipment and provides technical
services to client, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title.
014.167-010 MARINE SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: ship surveyor
Surveys marine vessels and watercraft, such as ships, boats,
tankers, and dredges, to ascertain condition of hull, machinery, equipment, and equipage, and to
determine repairs required for vessel to meet requirements for insuring: Examines underwater
section of hull while ship is drydocked to ascertain conditions that indicate repairs are required.
Takes readings on tailshaft and tailshaft bearings. Inspects condition of propellers, rudders, and
sea valves. Inspects above waterline section of ship, such as hatchways, freeing ports, ventilators,
bulkheads, fittings, and attachments, for compliance with operating standards, and compliance
with standards for protection of crew. Observes operating tests on machinery and equipment and
inspects opened up machinery for interior condition. Observes testing of cargo gear for
compliance with testing standards and issues or endorses certificate for gear tested. Prepares
reports on types of surveys conducted, recommended actions and repairs, or conditions remedied.
Submits report to client.
014.167-014 PORT ENGINEER (ship-boat mfg.; water trans.)
Coordinates repair and maintenance functions furnished
operating fleet to minimize loss of revenue and cost of repairs: Reviews repair request and
compares request with previous work accomplished on ship concerned and similar vessels to
determine that expenditures are economically sound. Prepares recommendations for work, and
initiates procurement of materials. Inspects machinery, equipment, or spaces outlined in work
request, draws up job specifications, and obtains bids from contractors or shipyards to perform
repairs. Maintains contact with contractors to ensure completion of work at minimum cost.
Investigates machinery casualties to determine cause, and advises ship's officers in methods of
operation to prevent recurrence of casualty or maloperation. Maintains records of engineering
costs for each vessel, such as repairs, supplies, and personnel. Cooperates with regulatory bodies
to ensure that requirements for alterations, repair, or modifications are kept at minimum cost
consistent with safety. May represent ferry system interests in ferry and terminal construction
and maintenance activities, and in union contract negotiations.
014.281-010 DRAFTER, MARINE (profess. & kin.)
Draws structural and mechanical features of ships, docks, and
other marine structures and equipment, performing duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master
Title. Works from general design drawings and notes made by ARCHITECT, MARINE (profess.
& kin.) or MARINE ENGINEER (profess. & kin.).
015 NUCLEAR ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with the reasearch, development, and application of scientific knowledge of nuclear reactions and radiations, and principles of engineering applied to the production of heat and power, transmutation of elements, and production of neutrons, gamma radiation, and radioisotopes.
015.021-010 HEALTH PHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Devises and directs research, training, and monitoring
programs to protect plant and laboratory personnel from radiation hazards: Conducts research to
develop inspection standards, radiation exposure limits for personnel, safe work methods, and
decontamination procedures, and tests surrounding areas to ensure that radiation is not in excess
of permissible standards. Develops criteria for design and modification of health physics
equipment, such as detectors and counters, to improve radiation protection. Assists in developing
standards of permissible concentrations of radioisotopes in liquids and gases. Directs testing and
monitoring of equipment and recording of personnel and plant area radiation exposure data.
Requests bioassay samples from individuals believed to be exposed. Consults with scientific
personnel regarding new experiments to determine that equipment or plant design conforms to
health physics standards for protection of personnel. Conducts research pertaining to potential
environmental impact of proposed atomic energy related industrial development to determine
qualifications for licensing. Requisitions and maintains inventory of instruments. Instructs
personnel in principles and regulations related to radiation hazards. Assigns film badges and
dosimeters to personnel, and recommends changes in assignment for health reasons. Advises
public authorities on methods of dealing with radiation hazards, and procedures to be followed in
radiation incidents, and assists in civil defense planning. May specialize in research concerning
decontamination of radioactive equipment and work areas in nuclear plants, laboratories, and
other facilities and be designated Nuclear-Decontamination Research Specialist (profess. & kin.).
015.061-010 DESIGN ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Designs nuclear machinery and equipment, performing duties
as described under DESIGN ENGINEER, PRODUCTS (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
015.061-014 NUCLEAR ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into problems of nuclear energy systems;
designs and develops nuclear equipment; and monitors testing, operation, and maintenance of
nuclear reactors: Plans and conducts nuclear research to discover facts or to test, prove, or
modify known nuclear theories concerning release, control, and utilization of nuclear energy.
Evaluates findings to develop new concepts of thermonuclear analysis and new uses of
radioactive processes. Plans, designs, and develops nuclear equipment such as reactor cores,
radiation shielding, and associated instrumentation and control mechanisms. Studies nuclear fuel
cycle to define most economical uses of nuclear material and safest means of waste products
disposal. Monitors nuclear tests and examines operations of facilities which process or utilize
radioactive or fissionable material to ensure efficient functioning and conformance with safety
specifications, regulations, and laws. Prepares technical reports, utilizing knowledge obtained
during research and development activities and inspectional functions. May direct operating and
maintenance activities of operational nuclear facility.
015.061-018 RESEARCH ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on nuclear equipment and machinery,
performing duties as described under RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
015.061-022 TEST ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Conducts tests on nuclear machinery and equipment,
performing duties as described under TEST ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
015.061-026 NUCLEAR-FUELS RECLAMATION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, and oversees construction and operation of
nuclear fuels reprocessing systems: Performs research and experiments to determine acceptable
methods of reclaiming various types of nuclear fuels. Designs nuclear fuel reclamation systems
and equipment for pilot plants. Communicates with vendors and contractors, and computes cost
estimates of reclamation systems. Writes project proposals and submits them to company review
board. Studies safety procedures, guidelines, and controls, and confers with safety officials to
ensure that safety limits are not violated in design, construction, or operation of systems and
equipment. Oversees nuclear fuels reprocessing system construction and operation, conferring
with construction supervisory and operating personnel. Tests system equipment and approves
equipment for operation. Monitors operations to detect potential or inherent problems. Initiates
corrective actions and orders plant shutdown in emergency situations. Identifies operational and
processing problems and recommends solutions. Maintains log of plant operations, and prepares
reports for review by plant officials.
015.061-030 NUCLEAR-FUELS RESEARCH ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Studies behavior of various fuels and fuel configurations in
differentiated reactor environments to determine safest and most efficient usage of nuclear fuels,
applying theoretical and experiential knowledge of reactor physics and thermal and metallurgical
characteristics of nuclear fuels and fuel cell claddings: Analyzes available data and consults with
other scientists to determine parameters of experimentation and suitability of analytical models.
Designs fuels behavior tests and coordinates activities of experimental research team in
performance and analysis of test operations. Monitors test reactor indicators of factors such as
neutron power level, coolant level, and vital pressure, temperature and humidity readings, and
changes or modifies procedures to meet test goals. Synthesizes analyses of test results and
prepares technical reports to disseminate findings and recommendations. Formulates equations
that describe phenomena occurring during fissioning of nuclear fuels and develops analytical
models for nuclear fuels research.
015.067-010 NUCLEAR-CRITICALITY SAFETY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research and analyzes and evaluates proposed and
existing methods of transportation, handling, and storage of nuclear fuel to preclude accidental
nuclear reaction at nuclear facilities: Reviews and evaluates fuel transfer and storage plans
received from nuclear plants. Studies reports of nuclear fuel characteristics to determine potential
or inherent problems. Reads blueprints of proposed storage facilities and visits storage sites to
determine adequacy of storage plans. Forecasts nuclear fuel criticality (point at which nuclear
chain reaction becomes self-sustaining), given various factors which may exist in fuel handling
and storage, using knowledge of nuclear physics, calculator, and computer terminal. Determines
potential hazards and accident conditions which may exist in fuel handling and storage and
recommends preventive measures. Summarizes findings and writes reports. Confers with project
officials to resolve situations where hazard is beyond acceptable levels. Prepares proposal reports
for handling and storage of fuels to be submitted to government review board. Studies existing
procedures and recommends changes or additions to guidelines and controls to ensure prevention
of self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
015.137-010 RADIATION-PROTECTION ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
monitoring radiation levels and condition of equipment used to generate nuclear energy to ensure
safe operation of plant facilities: Evaluates water chemical analysis data in primary and
supportive plant systems to determine compliance with radiation content and corrosion control
regulations. Investigates problems, such as radioactive leaks in reactors and auxiliary systems, or
excessive radiation or corrosion of equipment, applying knowledge of radiation protection
techniques and principles of chemistry and engineering to correct conditions. Confers with
departmental supervisors, manufacturing representatives, and regulatory agency staff to discuss
problems, to develop tests to detect radioactive leaks, and to design plans to monitor equipment
and safety programs. Directs workers in testing and analyzing water samples and monitoring
processing system. Prepares reports, such as environmental monitoring operation report,
radioactive waste releases, and shipping reports, for review by administrative personnel and
submission to regulatory agency. May prepare employee performance reviews and related
reports.
015.151-010 SALES ENGINEER, NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (profess. & kin.)
Sells nuclear machinery and equipment and provides
technical services to client, performing duties as described under SALES ENGINEER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title.
015.167-010 NUCLEAR-PLANT TECHNICAL ADVISOR (utilities)
Monitors plant safety status, advises operations staff, and
prepares technical reports for operation of thermal-nuclear reactor at electric-power generating
station: Observes control-room instrumentation systems and confers with operating personnel to
ensure safe operation of plant. Walks throughout plant and observes machinery, equipment, and
operating procedures to identify potential hazards. Examines locations of accidents and transients
(sudden changes of voltage or load) and obtains data to formulate preventive measures.
Implements changes in systems, procedures, structure, or equipment to improve safety.
Compares critical parameters with plant transient predictions and accident analysis and
determines whether response of plant safety systems is sufficient. Formulates corrective actions,
calculates critical parameters from raw data, and computes rate of control rod withdrawal during
reactor startup. Confers with operating personnel to provide technical assistance and to discuss
maintenance activities, abnormal conditions, and safe operation of plant. Prepares reports to
inform management officials of any proposed changes or irregularities in plant operation or
systems.
015.167-014 NUCLEAR-TEST-REACTOR PROGRAM COORDINATOR (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates, coordinates, and oversees testing of nuclear reactor
equipment: Analyzes test proposal to ensure that test is valid and feasible. Identifies and resolves
problems, such as incompatibilities between proposal and nuclear test-reactor system.
Coordinates technical and financial agreements involving feasibility, scope, purpose, and cost of
project in nuclear test facility. Assists engineering personnel in interpretation of test language,
mathematical formulas, and computer codes used in test. Writes operational instructions. Inspects
general condition of nuclear test-reactor vessel and related systems. Verifies setup of nuclear
test-reactor for compliance with specifications. Observes control room instrumentation to ensure
that performance factors such as neutron power level, chemical composition of coolant, and
reactor temperatures and pressures are carried out as prescribed. Evaluates and resolves
operational problems. Coordinates activities directed toward removal of test specimens from
reactors and subsequent chemical, metallurgical, or mechanical analysis. Compiles report of test
results.
015.261-010 CHEMICAL-RADIATION TECHNICIAN (government ser.)
Tests materials and monitors operations of nuclear-powered
electric generating plant, using specialized laboratory equipment and chemical and radiation
detection instruments: Collects samples of water, gases, and solids at specified intervals during
production process, using automatic sampling equipment. Analyzes materials, according to
specified procedures, to determine if chemical components and radiation levels are within
established limits. Records test results and prepares reports for review by supervisor. Assists
workers to set up equipment and monitors equipment that automatically detects deviations from
standard operations. Notifies personnel to adjust processing equipment, quantity of additives, and
rate of discharge of waste materials, when test results and monitoring of equipment indicate that
radiation levels, chemical balance, and discharge of radionuclide materials are in excess of
standards. Carries out decontamination procedures to ensure safety of workers and continued
operation of processing equipment in plant. Calibrates and maintains chemical instrumentation
sensing elements and sampling system equipment, using handtools. Assists workers in diagnosis
and correction of problems in instruments and processing equipment. Advises plant personnel of
methods of protection from excessive exposure to radiation.
015.362-010 ACCELERATOR OPERATOR (profess. & kin.)
Controls operation of particle accelerator used in research
experiments involving properties of subatomic particles: Reviews experiment schedule to
ascertain particle beam parameters specified by experimenter (scientist), such as energy,
intensity, and repetition rate. Communicates with accelerator maintenance personnel to ensure
readiness of support systems, such as vacuum, water cooling, and radiofrequency power source.
Sets control panel switches, according to standard procedures, to route electric power from
source and direct particle beam through injector unit. Turns panel controls and watches meters
and panel lights to adjust beam steering units and direct beam to accelerator. Pushes console
buttons in prescribed sequence to control beam path in accelerator. Adjusts controls to increase
beam pulse rate, energy, and intensity to specified levels. Notifies experimenter in target control
room when beam parameters meet specifications. Pushes control levers to steer beam to
experimenter's target, as directed. Monitors readings at console during experiment to ensure
accelerator systems meet specifications and notifies experimenter of condition. Alters beam
parameters during experiment as directed. Ensures that maintenance workers vacate hazardous
locations before operations. Records data in log relative to beam specifications, equipment
settings used, and beam conditions obtained for future reference. Participates in maintenance and
modification of systems as member of team. May be designated according to type of accelerator
operated.
015.362-014 GAMMA-FACILITIES OPERATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: pile operator; reactor-service operator
Controls gamma radiation equipment to irradiate materials for
scientific research: Inserts capsules of materials to be irradiated into tubes leading to reactor core,
using extension tool. Computes radiation time and dosage for experiments, and gamma
intensities required at various distances from grid, using standard formulas, conversion tables,
and slide rule, and submits data to supervisor for review. Tends cutoff saw, mounted on
water-filled canal floor (radiation shield), that cuts fuel elements to size to fit into shielding
boxes, using extension tools. Places fuel elements in geometric configurations around tube in
gamma facility according to radiation intensity specifications. Lowers experimental materials,
such as foods, plastics, or metal, into tube to subject material to irradiation for specified period of
time. Lowers extension tool into floor of canal and transfers materials from completed
experiments, and spent fuel elements discharged from reactor, to storage area on canal floor or
into cask for subsequent shipment. Writes summary of irradiation activities performed. Monitors
instruments and gauges that control heating, ventilating, steam, and water systems, and
instruments that record gamma intensity, temperatures of experiments, and fuel elements in
canal.
015.362-018 HOT-CELL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: irradiation technician
Operates remote-controlled equipment in hot cell to conduct
metallurgical and chemical tests on radioactive materials: Controls slave manipulators from
outside cell to remove metal or chemical materials from shielded containers inside hot cell and
places on bench or equipment work station. Tests chemical or metallurgical properties of
materials according to standardized procedures, and observes reaction through cell window. Sets
up and operates machines to cut, lap, and polish test pieces, following blueprints, x-ray
negatives, and sketches. Tests physical properties, using equipment, such as tensile tester,
hardness tester, metallographic unit, micrometer, and gauges. Immerses test sample in chemical
compound to prepare for testing. Places irradiated nuclear fuel materials in environmental
chamber to test reaction to temperature changes. Records results of tests for further analysis by
engineers, scientists, or customers. Places specimen in shielded container for removal from cell,
using manipulators. Participates in cleaning and decontamination of cell during maintenance
shutdown. May devise adapters and fixtures for use in hot cell operations.
015.362-022 RADIOISOTOPE-PRODUCTION OPERATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: isotope-production technician
Controls laboratory compounding equipment enclosed in
protective hot cell to prepare radioisotopes and other radioactive materials for use as tracers for
biological, biomedical, physiological, and industrial purposes according to written procedures:
Places specified amounts of chemicals into container to be irradiated at nuclear reactor or with
other irradiation equipment. Secures vacuum pump head to outlet valve on special container to
replace air with inert gas, and routes container to irradiation facility. Receives irradiated
chemicals delivered in shielded cell. Moves manipulator to open container and transfer irradiated
contents into glass vessel. Opens pneumatic valves or uses manipulators to add specified types
and quantities of chemical reagents into glass vessel to produce radioactive product. Controls
manipulators to pour liquids required to perform standard chemical analyses involving titration
and filtration. Withdraws radioactive sample for transport to chemical laboratory for analysis.
Fills shipping container inside cell with prescribed quantity of radioisotope material for shipment
pending sample approval.
015.362-026 REACTOR OPERATOR, TEST-AND-RESEARCH (profess. & kin.)
Controls operation of nuclear reactor to create fissionable
materials used for research purposes, study structure of atoms, and determine properties of
materials: Positions fuel elements (uranium) and object to be irradiated in position in reactor
core, using slave manipulators. Installs instrumentation leads in core to measure operating
temperature and pressure in reactor working from mockups, blueprints, and wiring and
instrumentation diagrams. Activates reactor and inserts object to be irradiated into rabbit
(pneumatic) tube, beam hole, or irradiation tunnel according to size of object and nature of
experiment. Monitors instruments at console and reactor panels to control chain reaction,
following directions of nuclear experimenters. Calculates applicable limits of operating factors,
such as temperature and pressure, using standard formulas, and adjusts controls to maintain
operating conditions, such as power level, airflow and waterflow, temperature, and radiation and
neutron levels in reactor within operating limits. Records data, such as type of material
irradiated, exposure time, pile atmospheric conditions, and position of control rods in core.
Disassembles reactor parts, such as core plug (shield) and control rods, using crane and
handtools. Lifts spent fuel elements and irradiated objects from core, using extension tool, and
drops them through chute into canal for recovery of fissionable material. May work as member
of team and alternate between operating reactor controls and monitoring instruments, gauges, and
other recording devices in control room.
015.384-010 SCANNER (profess. & kin.)
Compiles lists of events (collisions of atomic nuclei) from
photographs of bubble chamber, cloud chamber, or other particle detector, and operates machine
to record characteristics of events into computers: Observes projected photographs to locate
particle tracks, locate and count events indicated by tracks, and identify nature of observed
events. Receives instructions from scientist directing project as to specific events that are
important in experiment, and identifies such events from other events. Turns cranks to move
projector and locates point on track under crosshairs of eyepiece. Enters data into computer to
record coordinates of particles. Repeats process to record successive stages of tracks resulting
from each event to provide information for scientists to identify particles. May use microscope
fitted with scales and protractors to scan photographic emulsions previously exposed to direct
radiation and to compute direction, angle, length, curvature, density, and depth of tracks from
standard formulas.
017 DRAFTERS, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with preparing drawings used to communicate engineering ideas and information.
017.161-010 DRAFTER, CHIEF, DESIGN (utilities)
Oversees DRAFTERS, ARCHITECTURAL (profess. &
kin.); DRAFTERS, ELECTRICAL (profess. & kin.); DRAFTERS, MECHANICAL (profess. &
kin.); and DRAFTERS, STRUCTURAL (profess. & kin.) in drawing designs of indoor and
outdoor facilities and structures of electrical or gas power plants and substations. Consults with
engineering staff on development of plans and designs for buildings and installations and
prepares layout diagrams to ensure accurate interpretation of designs by workers supervised.
017.261-010 AUTO-DESIGN CHECKER (auto. mfg.) alternate titles: checker, product design
Examines detail, layout, and master drawings of either
auto-body or chassis parts, assemblies, and systems, for practicality of design, accuracy of
mathematical calculations, dimensional accuracy, projection, and conformity to specifications
and standards, using computerized work aids. Applies knowledge of auto-body and chassis
design, methods of manufacture and assembly, and drafting techniques and procedures.
Discusses necessary changes with staff members and coordinates corrections.
017.261-014 DESIGN DRAFTER, ELECTROMECHANISMS (profess. & kin.)
Drafts designs of electromechanical equipment such as
aircraft engine subassemblies, electronic optical-character-recognition and related data
processing systems, gyroscopes, rocket engine control systems, automatic materials handling and
processing machinery, or bio-medical equipment: Confers with engineers and other drafters to
interpret design concepts, determine nature and type of required detailed working drawings, and
coordinate work with others. Drafts detail and assembly drawings performing duties described
under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. Compiles data, computes quantities, determines
materials needed, and prepares cost estimates.
017.261-018 DETAILER (profess. & kin.)
Drafts detailed drawings of parts of machines or structures
from rough or general design drawings: Shows dimensions, material to be used, and other
information necessary to make detailed drawing clear and complete. Makes tracing of finished
drawing on semitransparent paper from which blueprints can be made. Performs other duties as
described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May specialize in preparing detail
drawings for specific type of machine, structure, or product.
017.261-022 DETAILER, FURNITURE (profess. & kin.)
Prepares detailed shop drawings in scale or full size, from
blueprints of FURNITURE DESIGNER (furniture), showing methods of construction and
upholstering, and indicating sizes and kinds of material to be used. Performs other duties as
described under DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title.
017.261-026 DRAFTER, COMMERCIAL (profess. & kin.)
Performs general duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.)
Master Title in all-round drafting, such as laying out location of buildings, planning of
arrangements in offices, large rooms, store buildings, and factories, and drawing of charts, forms,
and records. Paints and washes colored drawings when required.
017.261-030 DRAFTER, DETAIL (profess. & kin.)
Makes detailed drawings, in accordance with customers'
orders, to provide shop departments with accurate information for manufacture of structural and
ornamental construction parts: Confers with customers. Makes freehand sketches of designs and
drawings of approved sketches. Advises supervisory personnel on difficult or obscure problems.
017.261-034 DRAFTER, HEATING AND VENTILATING (profess. & kin.)
Draws plans for installation of heating, air-conditioning, and
ventilating equipment, performing duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title. May
calculate heat loss and heat gain for buildings for use in determining equipment specifications,
using calculator and following standardized procedures. May specialize in drawing plans for
installation of refrigeration equipment only and be designated Drafter, Refrigeration (profess. &
kin.).
017.261-038 DRAFTER, PLUMBING (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties of DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title
but specializes in drawing of plans for installation of plumbing equipment.
017.261-042 DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN (auto. mfg.)
Designs and drafts working layouts and master drawings of
automotive vehicle components, assemblies, and systems from specifications, sketches, models,
prototype or verbal instructions, applying knowledge of automotive vehicle design, engineering
principles, manufacturing processes and limitations, and conventional and computer drafting
techniques and procedures, using drafting instruments and computerized work aids: Analyzes
specifications, sketches, engineering drawings, ideas and related design data to determine critical
factors affecting design of components based on knowledge of previous designs and
manufacturing processes and limitations. Draws rough sketches and performs mathematical
computations to develop design and work out detailed specifications of components. Applies
knowledge of mathematical formulas and physical laws and uses conventional and computerized
work aids to make calculations. Performs preliminary and advanced work in development of
working layouts and final master drawings adequate for detailing parts and units of design.
Makes revisions to size, shape and arrangement of parts to create practical design. Confers with
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEER (auto. mfg.) 007.061-010 and others on staff to resolve design
problems. Specializes in design of specific type of body or chassis components, assemblies or
systems, such as door panels, chassis frame and supports, or braking system.
017.281-010 AUTO-DESIGN DETAILER (auto. mfg.)
Drafts full-size or scale detail drawings of either auto-body or
chassis parts and assemblies from specifications, master drawings, layouts, models, prototypes,
sketches, or verbal instructions, for engineering and manufacturing purposes [DRAFTER
(profess. & kin.) Master Title], applying knowledge of auto-body or chassis structure and
methods of manufacture and assembly.
017.281-014 DRAFTER APPRENTICE (profess. & kin.)
Performs duties as described under APPRENTICE (any
industry) Master Title.
017.281-018 DRAFTER, ASSISTANT (profess. & kin.)
Copies plans and drawings prepared by DRAFTER (profess.
& kin.) Master Title by tracing them with ink and pencil on transparent paper or cloth spread
over drawings, using triangle, T-square, compass, pens, and other drafting instruments. Makes
simple sketches or drawings under close supervision.
017.281-026 DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN LAYOUT (auto. mfg.)
Prepares working layouts and master drawings of automotive
vehicle components, assemblies, or systems from specifications, prior layouts, well-defined
sketches, models or verbal instructions sufficient for detailing, applying knowledge of
conventional and computerized drafting techniques and procedures, automotive vehicle design,
manufacturing processes and limitations, using conventional drafting instruments and
computerized work aids: Studies specifications, sketches, notes, and other design data and
measures prior layouts, using scales and dividers, to determine details and dimensions of
components being laid out from superimposed views and sections of parts on layouts. Lays out
on vellum major or minor components, assemblies, or systems in full-scale working layouts.
Performs mathematical calculations to work out detailed additions to specifications, applying
knowledge of mathematical formulas, using slide rule or digital calculators. Develops design of
details not completely defined. Projects sections and auxiliary views of components on layouts.
Makes corrections, revisions, and changes to layouts as directed by AUTO-DESIGN CHECKER
(auto. mfg.) 017.261-010 or DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN (auto. mfg.) 017.261-042.
Drafts master drawing of approved design on mylar, aluminum, or other materials. Specializes in
laying out specific type of body or chassis components, assemblies, or systems. Coordinates and
works in conjunction with other workers designing, laying out, or detailing same or related
structures. May direct activities of detailers.
017.281-030 DRAFTER, OIL AND GAS (petrol. & gas; petrol. refin.)
Drafts plans and drawings for layout, construction, and
operation of oil fields, refineries, and pipeline systems from field notes, rough or detailed
sketches, and specifications: Develops detail drawings for construction of equipment and
structures, such as drilling derricks, compressor stations, gasoline plants, frame, steel, and
masonry buildings, piping manifolds and pipeline systems, and for manufacture, fabrication, and
assembly of machines and machine parts [DRAFTER, ARCHITECTURAL (profess. & kin.);
DRAFTER, CIVIL (profess. & kin.); DRAFTER, MECHANICAL (profess. & kin.)]. Prepares
maps of pipeline systems and oil and gas locations, using field survey notes and aerial
photographs [DRAFTER, CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.)]. May draft topographical maps
or develop maps to represent geological stratigraphy and locations of oil and gas deposits, using
geological and geophysical prospecting and surveying data [DRAFTER, GEOLOGICAL (petrol.
& gas); DRAFTER, GEOPHYSICAL (petrol. & gas)].
017.281-034 TECHNICAL ILLUSTRATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: engineering illustrator; production illustrator
Lays out and draws illustrations for reproduction in reference
works, brochures, and technical manuals dealing with assembly, installation, operation,
maintenance, and repair of machines, tools, and equipment: Prepares drawings from blueprints,
designs, mockups, and photoprints by methods and techniques suited to specified reproduction
process or final use, such as blueprint, photo-offset, and projection transparencies, using drafting
and optical equipment. Lays out and draws schematic, perspective, orthographic, or
oblique-angle views to depict function, relationship, and assembly-sequence of parts and
assemblies, such as gears, engines, and instruments. Shades or colors drawing to emphasize
details or to eliminate undesired background, using ink, crayon, airbrush, and overlays. Pastes
instructions and comments in position on drawing. May draw cartoons and caricatures to
illustrate operation, maintenance, and safety manuals and posters.
017.684-010 TAPER, PRINTED CIRCUIT LAYOUT (electron. comp.)
Places (tapes) adhesive symbols and precision tape on sheets
of mylar in conformance with preliminary drawing of printed circuit board (PCB) to produce
master layout: Places, aligns, and secures preliminary drawing of PCB and successive layers of
transparent sheets of mylar on lighted drafting table, using register bar. Selects specified symbols
and width of tape to indicate peak voltage potential. Cuts tape and places tape and adhesive
symbols on specified sheets of mylar to outline board size, to indicate connector pads, placement
of various components, and to trace circuitry of PCB as indicated on underlying preliminary
drawing, using utility knife, precision grid, and straightedge. Places specified adhesive
identification and reference numbers on master layout. Reproduces blueprint copy of master
layout, using print machine. Inspects copy to verify accuracy.
018 SURVEYING/CARTOGRAPHIC OCCUPATIONS This group includes occupations concerned with determining, delineating, planning, and positioning tracts of land, natural and constructed features, coastlines, and land areas. Typical specialized surveys include property, cartography, construction, geodesy, hydrography, mining, photogrammetry, topography, land development, and mapping.
018.131-010 SUPERVISOR, CARTOGRAPHY (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of DRAFTERS,
CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.); PHOTOGRAMMETRISTS (profess. & kin.); and other
personnel concerned with preparation of maps or map components: Develops design concept of
map product. Defines production specifications, such as projection, scale, size, and colors.
Provides guidelines for source material to be used, such as maps, automated mapping products,
photographs, survey data, and place names. Supervises and coordinates compilation and editing
of product components and monitors reproduction. Performs other duties as described under
SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title.
018.161-010 SURVEYOR, MINE (profess. & kin.)
Conducts surveys at surface and subsurface mine sites to
obtain data used in planning mining operations: Takes instrument readings of sun or stars and
calculates longitude and latitude to determine mine location. Directs survey technicians and
helpers [SURVEYOR HELPER (any industry) 869.567-010] in use of electronic surveying
equipment, light emitting systems, or other instruments to transfer surface survey positions and
directions to underground areas and to survey assigned sections. Computes data necessary for
driving and connecting underground passages to control direction and extent of mining
operation. Computes volume of coal or ore in portions of mine, using survey data. Surveys and
calculates volume of material deposits, spoil piles, or veins, and amount of overburden to be
removed. Drafts or directs others to draft maps of survey data. May assist MINE
SUPERINTENDENT (mine & quarry) 181.117-014 and MINING ENGINEER (mine & quarry)
101.061-014 in planning mining operations. May conduct surveys of tunnels, subway sites, and
underground storage facilities.
018.167-010 CHIEF OF PARTY (profess. & kin.)
Leads work of survey party under direction of LAND
SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.), performing surveying duties not requiring licensure.
018.167-014 GEODETIC COMPUTATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: topographic computator
Calculates latitude, longitude, angles, areas, and other
information for mapmaking from field notes secured by engineering survey party, using
reference tables and calculating machine or computer.
018.167-018 LAND SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.)
Plans, organizes, and directs work of one or more survey
parties engaged in surveying earth's surface to determine precise location and measurements of
points, elevations, lines, areas, and contours for construction, mapmaking, land division, titles,
mining or other purposes: Researches previous survey evidence, maps, deeds, physical evidence,
and other records to obtain data needed for surveys. Develops new data from photogrammetric
records. Determines methods and procedures for establishing or reestablishing survey control.
Keeps accurate notes, records, and sketches to describe and certify work performed. Coordinates
findings with work of engineering and architectural personnel, clients, and others concerned with
project. Assumes legal responsibility for work and is licensed by state.
018.167-022 MANAGER, LAND SURVEYING (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates work of survey parties, and
related staff, engaged in surveying earth's surface and preparing reports and legal descriptions of
land: Develops organization policy or interprets it to staff. Prepares or approves budget for unit
or organization within assigned area of responsibility. Coordinates work of LAND SURVEYOR
(profess. & kin.) with that of legal, engineering, architectural, and other staff on project. Directs
survey parties and projects, and reviews and certifies completed work to satisfy legal
requirements. Writes or directs the writing of descriptions of land to satisfy legal requirements
according to standard surveying practices. Appears as expert witness in court in cases involving
land or boundary disputes. Monitors new technology, and evaluates and purchases or authorizes
purchase of new equipment and supplies. Selects new staff for employment and takes
disciplinary action when necessary. Assumes legal responsibility for work performed and is
licensed by state.
018.167-026 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans, coordinates, and directs activities of workers concerned
with conducting aerial surveys and preparing topographic materials from aerial photographs and
other data: Analyzes survey objectives and specifications, utilizing knowledge of survey uses,
such as municipal and ecological planning, property and utility mapping, and petroleum and
mineral exploration. Selects most appropriate and economical survey methods, using knowledge
of capabilities of aerial photography and applications of remote sensing (imagery through
electronic scanning). Estimates cost of survey. Advises customers and department supervisors
regarding flights for aerial photography and plans for ground surveys designed to establish base
lines, elevations, and other geodetic measurements. Prepares charts and tables for aerial
navigation, to specify flight path, altitude, and airspeed of camera-carrying aircraft. Computes
geodetic measurements and interprets survey data from ground or aerial photographs or
remote-sensing images to determine position, shape, and elevation of geomorphic and
topographic features. Conducts research in surveying and mapping methods and procedures,
using knowledge of techniques of photogrammetric map compilation, electronic data processing,
and flight and control planning. May direct one or more phases of technical operations concerned
with preparing survey proposals, negotiating with clients, scheduling activities, conducting
surveys, processing data, reviewing work quality, and training and assigning personnel.
018.167-030 SUPERVISOR, MAPPING (petrol. & gas; pipe lines)
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
mapping production areas of petroleum or natural gas company: Supervises drafting personnel in
drafting maps used for exploration, leasing of lands, and construction and operation of
production facilities, such as pumping stations, storage tanks, drilling derricks, and pipelines.
Reviews completed maps for neatness and accuracy. May supervise production of blueprints,
photostats, and photographs.
018.167-034 SURVEYOR ASSISTANT, INSTRUMENTS (profess. & kin.)
Obtains data pertaining to angles, elevations, points, and
contours used for construction, map making, mining, or other purposes, using alidade, level,
transit, plane table, Theodolite, electronic distance measuring equipment, and other surveying
instruments. Compiles notes, sketches, and records of data obtained and work performed. Directs
work of subordinate members of survey team. Performs other duties relating to surveying work
as directed by CHIEF OF PARTY (profess. & kin.).
018.167-038 SURVEYOR, GEODETIC (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, or conducts surveys of land areas of such size
that shape and size of earth exerts sufficient influence on survey measurements to require use of
special high-accuracy techniques, including astronomical observations and complex
computations to compile data used in preparation of geodetic maps and charts.
018.167-042 SURVEYOR, GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING (petrol. & gas)
Locates and marks sites selected for conducting geophysical
prospecting activities concerned with locating subsurface earth formations likely to contain
petroleum deposits. Makes precise determinations of elevations and records other characteristics
of terrain. May obtain permits for prospecting from property owner.
018.167-046 SURVEYOR, MARINE (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: surveyor, hydrographic
Makes surveys of harbors, rivers, and other bodies of water to
determine shore lines, topography of bottom, or other items for such purposes as determining
navigable channels, and securing data for construction of breakwaters, piers, and other marine
structures.
018.261-010 DRAFTER, CARTOGRAPHIC (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: map maker; mapper
Draws maps of geographical areas to show natural and
constructed features, political boundaries, and other features, performing duties described under
DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title: Analyzes survey data, source maps and photographs,
computer or automated mapping products, and other records to determine location and names of
features. Studies legal records to establish boundaries of properties, and local, national, and
international areas of political, economic, social, or other significance. Geological maps are
drawn by DRAFTER, GEOLOGICAL (petrol. & gas).
018.261-018 EDITOR, MAP (profess. & kin.)
Verifies accuracy and completeness of topographical maps
from aerial photographs and specifications: Views photographs and other reference materials,
such as old maps and records and examines corresponding area of map to verify correct
identification of specified topographical features and accuracy of contour lines. Verifies correct
location and accuracy of scaled distances between control points and reference lines. Examines
reference materials to detect omission of topographical features, poor register, or other defects in
photography or draftsmanship. Marks errors and makes corrections, such as numbering grid lines
or lettering names of rivers or towns.
018.261-022 MOSAICIST (profess. & kin.)
Lays out and matches aerial photographs to form
photographic mosaic of geographic area for subsequent use in photogrammetric activities, such
as topographical mapping: Lays out photographic prints on table according to sequence in which
photographs were taken during flightpath of aircraft. Examines prints to locate established
landmarks and notes absence of normal overlap of adjacent prints indicating deflection of aircraft
from prescribed flightpath. Locates and marks specified reference points, such as structures and
highway or rail junctions. Computes and measures scaled distances between reference points to
establish exact relative position of adjoining prints. Trims excess from edges of overlapping
prints and glues prints to backing board, maintaining scaled distances between reference points
and alignment of adjoining prints.
018.261-026 PHOTOGRAMMETRIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: cartographic technician
Analyzes source data and prepares mosaic prints, contour
maps, profile sheets, and related cartographic materials requiring technical mastery of
photogrammetric techniques and principles: Prepares original maps, charts, and drawings, from
aerial photographs, and survey data and applies standard mathematical formulas and
photogrammetric techniques to identify, scale, and orient geodetic points, elevations, and other
planimetric or topographic features and cartographic detail. Graphically delineates aerial
photographic detail, such as control points, hydrography, topography, and cultural features, using
precision stereoplotting apparatus or drafting instruments. Revises existing maps and charts and
corrects maps in various stages of compilation. May prepare rubber, plastic, or plaster
three-dimensional relief models.
018.262-010 FIELD-MAP EDITOR (profess. & kin.)
Identifies and verifies information shown on aerial
photographs used in map making: Travels over photographed area to observe and record all
cultural and drainage features shown and not shown on photograph. Verifies numbers, names,
and classes of roads and highways, location and number of railroads, location of state and county
lines, and location and identification of streams, rivers, lakes, schools, and major buildings.
Marks observations on map overlay, using specified symbols. Determines elevation of hills,
trees, and buildings, using geometry. Obtains boundary and other official information from
county records. May use stereoscope to combine information from two aerial maps.
018.281-010 STEREO-PLOTTER OPERATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: stereo operator; stereoptic projection topographer
Draws topographical maps from aerial photographs, using
instruments that produce simultaneous projections of two photographs, taken from different
positions, in manner that permits stereoscopic viewing for delineation of planimetric detail and
drawing of contours: Orients plotting instruments to form three-dimensional stereo image. Views
stereoscopic image by using anaglyphic, binocular, or image alternator techniques. Determines
contour interval and vertical scale of image, using mathematical table. Traces contours and
topographical details to produce map.
019 OCCUPATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING, AND SURVEYING, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with the application of the theoretical and practical aspects of engineering and architecture.
019.061-010 BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into biological aspects of humans or other
animals to develop new theories and facts, or test, prove, or modify known theories of life
systems, and to design life-support apparatus, utilizing principles of engineering and
bio-behavioral sciences: Plans and conducts research concerning behavioral, biological,
psychological, or other life systems. Studies engineering aspects of bio-behavioral systems of
humans, utilizing knowledge of electrical, mechanical, chemical, or other engineering principles
and knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. Develops $T3mathematical models$T1 to
simulate human bio-behavioral systems in order to obtain data for measuring or controlling life
processes, utilizing knowledge of computer, graphics, and other related technologies. Designs
and develops instruments and devices, such as artificial organs, cardiac pacemakers, or ultrasonic
imaging devices, capable of assisting medical or other health-care personnel in observing,
repairing, or treating physical ailments or deformities, using knowledge of materials compatible
with body tissues, energy exchanges within the body, and instrumentation capable of measuring
and controlling body functions. May specialize in design and development of biomedical
equipment used by medical facilities and be known as Clinical Engineer (profess. & kin.).
019.061-014 MATERIALS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates technical and economic factors, recommending
engineering and manufacturing actions for attainment of design objectives of process or product
by applying knowledge of material science and related technologies: Reviews plans for new
product and factors, such as strength, weight, and cost to submit material selection
recommendations ensuring attainment of design objectives. Plans and implements laboratory
operations to develop material and fabrication procedures for new materials to fulfill product cost
and performance standards. Confers with producers of materials, such as metals, ceramics, or
polymers, during investigation and evaluation of materials suitable for specific product
applications. Reviews product failure data and interprets laboratory tests and analyses to
establish or rule out material and process causes.
019.061-018 OPTICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: optical designer
Designs optical systems with specific characteristics to fit
within specified physical limits of precision optical instruments, such as still- and motion-picture
cameras, lens systems, telescopes, and viewing and display devices: Determines specifications
for operations and makes adjustments to calibrate and obtain specified operational performance.
Determines proper operation of optical system and makes adjustments to perfect system. Designs
mounts for components to hold them in proper planes in relation to each other and instrument in
which they will be used. Designs inspection instruments to test optical systems for defects, such
as aberrations and deviations. May work with electrical and mechanical engineering staff to
develop overall design of optical system.
019.061-022 ORDNANCE ENGINEER (chemical; ordnance)
Designs, tests, and coordinates development of explosive
ordnance material to meet military procurement specifications and to prepare project proposals
for negotiating production contracts: Participates in discussions with military authorities to
determine characteristics desired in explosive material, nature of target objective, and type of
delivery system to be used. Prepares or directs preparation of design drawings and specifications
for approval by procurement authorities, according to knowledge of explosives and plastics
chemistry, ballistics theory, fuse technology, metallurgy, electronics, fluidics, and techniques of
efficient production. Tests sample shells, warheads, or similar material under simulated military
conditions [PROOF TECHNICIAN (ordnance)]. Evaluates tests to determine acceptability of
ordnance items or need for redesign. Presents findings orally and in writing to procurement
authorities and demonstrates successful designs on proving ground. May negotiate procurement
contracts. May coordinate pilot or serial production of ordnance items. May participate in
development of delivery systems, fire-control components, and nonexplosive material. May be
designated according to type of ordnance item developed.
019.061-026 RELIABILITY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes preliminary engineering-design concepts of major
product, such as aircraft, naval vessel, or electronic communication or control system to
recommend design or test methods for attaining customer-specified operational reliability, using
knowledge of reliability engineering and other technologies: Analyzes preliminary plans and
develops reliability engineering program to achieve customer reliability objectives. Analyzes
projected product utilization and calculates cumulative effect on final system reliability of
individual part reliabilities. Drafts $T3failure mode and effect analysis$T1 sheets or formulates
$T3mathematical models,$T1 using computer-aided engineering equipment, to identify units
posing excessive failure risks and support proposed changes in design. Enters data to simulate
electrical inputs, transient conditions, temperature, stress, and other factors to develop computer
models, and analyzes and adjusts design to predict and improve system reliability. Advises and
confers with engineers in design review meetings to give reliability findings and
recommendations. Determines units requiring environmental testing and specifies minimum
number of samples to obtain statistically valid data. Reviews subcontractors' proposals for
reliability program and submits evaluation for decision. Reviews engineering specifications and
drawings, proposing design modifications to improve reliability within cost and other
performance requirements. Observes conduct of tests at supplier, plant, or field locations to
evaluate reliability factors, such as numbers and causes of unit failures. Monitors failure data
generated by customer using product to ascertain potential requirement for product improvement.
019.081-010 MAINTAINABILITY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes engineering design of proposed product, such as
aircraft, naval vessel, or electronic control or navigation system, and submits specifications for
maintenance requirements, utilizing knowledge of maintainability engineering and related
technologies: Analyzes customer's initial proposal for product utilization and recommends basic
product specifications and techniques for satisfying customer requirements. Reviews engineering
specifications and drawings during development and proposes design refinements to improve
ratio of operational time to maintenance time. Participates in engineering discussions concerning
design alternatives effecting product maintainability. Determines crew makeup, training
requirements, and maintenance time by evaluating data from tests and maintainability programs
of related products. Reviews subcontractor's technical practices for assuring maintainability of
equipment and parts and submits evaluation for management decision. Specifies standardized
tests or drafts new test programs for demonstrating product maintainability in company or
supplier test. Observes maintainability tests at supplier and plant locations to verify operations
are conducted according to standards.
019.081-014 PHOTOGRAPHIC ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: photo-optical instrumentation engineer
Designs and constructs special-purpose photographic
equipment and materials for use in scientific or industrial applications, utilizing knowledge of
various engineering disciplines, chemistry, and photographic equipment and techniques. Plans
setup of equipment, specific procedures, and materials needed to meet data acquisition and
measurement requirements. May advise others in such fields as high speed photography,
radiography, graphic arts, and aerial and space photography.
019.081-018 POLLUTION-CONTROL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and conducts engineering studies to analyze and
evaluate pollution problems, methods of pollution control, and methods of testing pollution
sources to determine physiochemical nature and concentration of contaminants: Reviews data
collected by POLLUTION-CONTROL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) from pollution emission
sources. Performs engineering calculations to determine pollution emissions from various
industrial sources and to evaluate effectiveness of pollution control equipment. Reviews
compliance schedules and inspection reports to ensure compliance with pollution control
regulations. Recommends issuance or denial of permits for industries to construct or operate
facilities. Advises enforcement personnel of noncompliance or unsatisfactory compliance with
regulations. Develops or modifies techniques for monitoring pollution. Calibrates and adjusts
pollution control monitors to ensure accurate functioning of instruments. May be designated
according to specialty as Air-Pollution Engineer (profess. & kin.); Noise-Abatement Engineer
(profess. & kin.); Water Quality-Control Engineer (profess. & kin.).
019.161-010 SUPERVISOR, ESTIMATOR AND DRAFTER (utilities)
Supervises ESTIMATORS AND DRAFTERS (utilities) in
drawing up specifications, instructions, and cost estimates for installation of gas or
electric-power distribution systems: Studies work orders or construction proposals and selects
appropriate survey procedures and schedules work assignments. Reviews completed construction
drawings and cost estimates for accuracy and conformity to standards and regulations. Confers
with engineers and subordinates and assists in field surveys to resolve problems. Directs
maintenance of files of blueprints, maps, construction sketches, cost estimates, and related
records.
019.161-014 TEST TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares specifications for fabrication, assembly, and
installation of apparatus and control instrumentation used to test experimental or prototype
mechanical, electrical, electromechanical, hydromechanical, or structural products, and conducts
tests and records results, utilizing engineering principles and test technology: Confers with
engineering personnel to resolve fabrication problems relating to specifications and to review test
plans, such as types and cycles of tests, conditions under which tests are to be conducted, and
duration of tests. Fabricates precision parts for test apparatus, using metalworking machines such
as lathes, milling machines, and welding equipment, or interprets specifications for workers
fabricating parts. Examines parts for conformance with dimensional specifications, using
precision measuring instruments. Coordinates and participates in installing unit or system to be
tested in test fixtures, connecting valves, pumps, hydraulic, mechanical or electrical controls,
cabling, tubing, power source, and indicating instruments. Activates controls to apply electrical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical power and subject test item to successive steps in test cycle.
Monitors controls and instruments and records test data for engineer's use. May recommend
changes in test methods or equipment for engineering review. Workers are classified according
to engineering specialty or type of product tested.
019.167-010 LOGISTICS ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: logistics specialist
Directs and coordinates program activities designed to
provide subcontractors, management, and customers with logistics technology that ensures
effective and economical support concerned for manufacturing or servicing of products, systems,
or equipment: Analyzes contractual commitments, customer specifications, design changes, and
other data to plan and develop logistic program activities from conceptual stage through
life-cycle of product. Develops and implements program activities, coordinates efforts of
subcontractors, production departments, and field service personnel, and resolves problems in
area of logistics to ensure meeting of contractual commitments. Develops and initiates
preparation of handbooks, bulletins, and information systems to provide and supply logistics
support. Compiles data on standardization and interchangeability of parts to expedite logistics
activities. Determines logistic support sequences and time phasing, problems arising from
location of operational area, and other factors, such as environmental and human factors affecting
personnel. May perform special research or technical studies critical to logistic support functions.
May utilize computer techniques for analysis, simulation or information systems and
documentation.
019.167-014 PROJECT ENGINEER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: chief engineer
Directs, coordinates, and exercises functional authority for
planning, organization, control, integration, and completion of engineering project within area of
assigned responsibility: Plans and formulates engineering program and organizes project staff
according to project requirements. Assigns project personnel to specific phases or aspects of
project, such as technical studies, product design, preparation of specifications and technical
plans, and product testing, in accordance with engineering disciplines of staff. Reviews product
design for compliance with engineering principles, company standards, customer contract
requirements, and related specifications. Coordinates activities concerned with technical
developments, scheduling, and resolving engineering design and test problems. Directs
integration of technical activities and products. Evaluates and approves design changes,
specifications, and drawing releases. Controls expenditures within limitations of project budget.
Prepares interim and completion project reports.
019.167-018 RESOURCE-RECOVERY ENGINEER (government ser.)
Plans and participates in activities concerned with study,
development, and inspection of solid-waste resource recovery systems and marketability of
solid-waste recovery products: Conducts studies of chemical and mechanical solid-waste
recovery processes and system designs to evaluate efficiency and cost-effectiveness of proposed
operations. Inspects solid-waste resource recovery facilities to determine compliance with
regulations governing construction and use. Collects data on resource recovery systems and
analyzes alternate plans to determine most feasible systems for specific solid-waste recovery
purposes. Prepares recommendations for development of resource recovery programs, based on
analysis of alternate plans and knowledge of physical properties of various solid-waste materials.
Confers with design engineers, management personnel, and others concerned with recovery of
solid-waste resources to discuss problems and provide technical advice. Coordinates activities of
workers engaged in study of potential markets for reclaimable materials. Lectures civic and
professional organizations and provides information about practices to media representatives to
promote interest and participation in solid-waste recovery practices.
019.187-010 PACKAGING ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and directs activities concerned with design and
development of protective packaging containers: Analyzes engineering drawings and
specifications of product to determine physical characteristics of item, special-handling and
safety requirements, and type of materials required for container. Consults with establishment's
purchasing and production departments to determine costs and feasibility of producing proposed
packaging. Develops or directs development of sketches, specifications, samples, and written
analyses of proposed packaging in order to present design for approval. May confer with
customers or sales representatives to draw up contracts. May advise employer or customers on
efficient packing procedures, innovations in packaging materials, and utilization of sealing and
fastening devices.
019.261-010 BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: biomedical electronics technician; biomedical engineering technician
Repairs, calibrates, and maintains medical equipment and
instrumentation used in health-care delivery field: Inspects and installs medical and related
technical equipment in medical and research facilities for use by physicians, nurses, scientists, or
engineers involved in researching, monitoring, diagnosing, and treating physical ailments or
dysfunctions. Services various equipment and apparatus, such as patient monitors,
electrocardiographs, blood-gas analyzers, x-ray units, defibrillators, electrosurgical units,
anesthesia apparatus, pacemakers, blood-pressure transducers, spirometers, sterilizers, diathermy
equipment, in-house television systems, patient-care computers, and other related technical
paraphernalia. Repairs, calibrates, and maintains equipment, using handtools, power tools,
measuring devices, and knowledge of manufacturers' manuals, troubleshooting techniques, and
preventive-maintenance schedules. Safety-tests medical equipment and health-care facility's
structural environment to ensure patient and staff safety from electrical or mechanical hazards.
Consults with medical or research staff to ascertain that equipment functions properly and safely,
utilizing knowledge of electronics, medical terminology, human anatomy and physiology,
chemistry, and physics. May demonstrate and explain correct operation of equipment to medical
personnel. May modify or develop instruments or devices, under supervision of medical or
engineering staff. May work as salesperson or service technician for equipment manufacturers or
their sales representatives.
019.261-014 ESTIMATOR AND DRAFTER (utilities) alternate titles: detail and lay-out drafter; distribution estimator; lay-out and detail drafter
Draws up specifications and instructions for installation of
voltage transformers, overhead or underground cables, and related electrical equipment used to
conduct electrical energy from transmission lines or high-voltage distribution lines to consumers:
Studies work order request to determine type of service, such as lighting or power, demanded by
installation. Visits site of proposed installation and draws rough sketch of location. Takes
measurements, such as street dimensions, distances to be spanned by wire and cable, or space
available in existing buildings and underground vaults which affect installation and arrangement
of equipment. Estimates materials, equipment, and incidentals needed for installation. Draws
master sketch showing relation of proposed installation to existing facilities. Makes other
drawings, such as pertaining to wiring connections or cross sections of underground cables, as
required for instructions to installation crew. Consults POWER-DISTRIBUTION ENGINEER
(utilities) 003.167-046 on difficulties encountered. May draft sketches to scale [DRAFTER,
ELECTRICAL (profess. & kin.) 003.281-010]. May estimate labor and material costs, using
pricelists and records on previous projects. May inspect completed installation of electrical
equipment and related building circuitry to verify conformance with specifications. May perform
duties of LAND SURVEYOR (profess. & kin.) 018.167-018 and prepare specifications and
diagrams for installation of gas distribution pipes owned by gas-electric utility.
019.261-018 FACILITIES PLANNER (any industry) alternate titles: office-planning representative
Plans utilization of space and facilities for government
agency or unit or business establishment consistent with requirements of organizational
efficiency and available facilities and funds: Inspects buildings and office areas to evaluate
suitability for occupancy, considering such factors as air circulation, lighting, location, and size.
Measures or directs workers engaged in measurement of facilities to determine total square
footage available for occupancy. Computes square footage available for each member of staff to
determine whether minimum space restrictions can be met. Draws design layout, showing
location of furniture, equipment, doorways, electrical and telephone outlets, and other facilities.
May review real estate contracts for compliance with government specifications and suitability
for occupancy of employing agency. May direct workers engaged in moving furniture and
equipment and preparing facilities for occupancy.
019.261-022 TEST TECHNICIAN (agric. equip.)
Tests experimental and production agricultural equipment,
such as tractors and power mowers and components to evaluate their performance, using test
equipment and recording instruments: Reads data sheet denoting operating specification for unit
or component and type of evaluation required. Tests unit for conformance with operating
requirements, such as resistance to vibration, specified horsepower, and tensile strength and
hardness of parts, using test equipment, such as bend-fatigue machine, dynamometer, strength
tester, hardness tester, analytical balance, and electronic recorder. Records data from dial
readings and graphs and computes values, such as horse-power and tensile strength, using
algebraic formulas. Operates unit to evaluate attachment performance, such as depth of tillage or
harvesting capabilities for different types of crops. Draws sketches and describes test procedures
and results in test data log.
019.261-026 FIRE-PROTECTION ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Designs and drafts plans and estimates costs for installation of
fire protection systems for facilities and structures, applying knowledge of drafting, physical
science, engineering principles, and fire protection codes: Analyzes blueprints and specifications
prepared by ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.) 001.061-010 to determine dimensions of system to
meet fire protection codes. Determines design and size of system components, using calculator or
computer. Drafts detailed drawing of system to ensure conformance to specifications and
applicable codes. May negotiate relocation of system components with SUPERINTENDENT,
CONSTRUCTION (construction) 182.167-026 to resolve conflicts of co-location with other
systems. May inspect fire-damaged structures to detect malfunctions. May specialize in one type
of fire protection system, such as foam, water, dry chemical, or vaporous gas or specialize in one
type of establishment, such as construction, insurance, or government.
019.261-030 LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (auto. mfg.)
Tests chemical and physical properties of materials used in
manufacturing or assembling motor vehicles: Performs standard chemical and physical tests on
parts, solutions, and materials used in producing motor vehicles, using conventional and
computerized machines and work aids. Conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses to
determine chemical and physical properties of experimental and developmental materials
[LABORATORY TESTER (any industry) 029.261-010].
019.261-034 LASER TECHNICIAN (electron. comp.; inst. & app.)
Constructs and tests prototype gas or solid-state laser devices,
applying theory and principles of laser engineering and electronic circuits: Reviews project
instructions, such as assembly layout, blueprints, and sketches, and confers with engineering
personnel to clarify laser device specifications. Interprets production details, such as dimensions
and functional requirements, for workers engaged in grinding mirror blanks, coating mirror
surfaces, and machining metal parts. Installs and aligns optical parts, such as mirrors and
waveplates, in laser body, using precision instruments. Turns controls of vacuum pump and gas
transfer equipment to purge, evacuate, and fill laser body with specified volume and pressure of
gases, such as helium, neon, or carbon dioxide, to test laser beam. Assembles completed laser
body in chassis, and installs and aligns electronic components, tubing, and wiring to connect
controls, such as valves, regulators, dials, and switches. Sets up precision electronic and optical
instruments to test laser device, using specified electrical or optical inputs. Tests laser for gas
leaks, using leak detector. Analyzes test data and reports results to engineering personnel. May
prepare and write technical reports to recommend solutions to technical problems.
019.267-010 SPECIFICATION WRITER (profess. & kin.)
Interprets architectural or engineering plans and prepares
material lists and specifications to be used as standards by plant employees or contracting
personnel in material processing or in manufacturing or construction activities: Analyzes plans
and diagrams, or observes and makes notes on material processing, to determine material and
material processing specifications, or specifications for manufacturing or construction activities.
Writes technical descriptions specifying material qualities and properties, utilizing knowledge of
material standards, industrial processes, and manufacturing procedures. May draw rough
sketches or arrange for finished drawings or photographs to illustrate specified materials or
assembly sequence. Workers usually specialize and are designated according to engineering
specialization, product, or process.
019.281-010 CALIBRATION LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (aircraft mfg.; electron. comp.) alternate titles: engineering laboratory technician; quality assurance calibrator; standards laboratory technician; test equipment certification technician
Tests, calibrates, and repairs electrical, mechanical,
electromechanical, and electronic measuring, recording, and indicating instruments and
equipment for conformance to established standards, and assists in formulating calibration
standards: Plans sequence of testing and calibration procedures for instruments and equipment,
according to blueprints, schematics, technical manuals, and other specifications. Sets up standard
and special purpose laboratory equipment to test, evaluate, and calibrate other instruments and
test equipment. Disassembles instruments and equipment, using handtools, and inspects
components for defects. Measures parts for conformity with specifications, using micrometers,
calipers, and other precision instruments. Aligns, repairs, replaces, and balances component parts
and circuitry. Reassembles and calibrates instruments and equipment. Devises formulas to solve
problems in measurements and calibrations. Assists engineers in formulating test, calibration,
repair, and evaluation plans and procedures to maintain precision accuracy of measuring,
recording, and indicating instruments and equipment.
02 OCCUPATIONS IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES This division includes occupations concerned with research pertaining to the physical universe, and the application of established mathematical and scientific laws and principles to specific problems and situations.
020 OCCUPATIONS IN MATHEMATICS This group includes occupations concerned with the development of methodology in mathematics, statistics, and actuarial science; and the application of original and standardized mathematical techniques to the solution of problems in the social and physical sciences, engineering, and business.
020.067-014 MATHEMATICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in fundamental mathematics and in
application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields, and solves or
directs solutions to problems in various fields by mathematical methods: Conducts research in
such branches of mathematics as algebra, geometry, number theory, logic, and topology, and
studies and tests hypotheses and alternative theories. Conceives and develops ideas for
application of mathematics to wide variety of fields, including science, engineering, military
planning, electronic data processing, and management. Applies mathematics or mathematical
methods to solution of problems in research, development, production, logistics, and other
functional areas, utilizing knowledge of subject or field to which applied, such as physics,
engineering, astronomy, biology, economics, business and industrial management, or
cryptography. Performs computations, applies methods of numerical analysis, and operates or
directs operation of desk calculators and mechanical and electronic computation machines,
analyzers, and plotters in solving problems in support of mathematical, scientific, or industrial
research activity. Acts as advisor or consultant to research personnel concerning mathematical
methods and applications. May be designated according to function as Mathematician, Applied
(profess. & kin.); Mathematician, Research (profess. & kin.).
020.067-018 OPERATIONS-RESEARCH ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts analyses of management and operational problems
and formulates mathematical or simulation models of problem for solution by computers or other
methods: Analyzes problem in terms of management information and conceptualizes and defines
problem. Studies information and selects plan from competitive proposals that affords maximum
probability of profit or effectiveness in relation to cost or risk. Prepares model of problem in
form of one or several equations that relates constants and variables, restrictions, alternatives,
conflicting objectives and their numerical parameters. Defines data requirements and gathers and
validates information applying judgment and statistical tests. Specifies manipulative or
computational methods to be applied to model. Performs validation and testing of model to
ensure adequacy, or determines need for reformulation. Prepares reports to management defining
problem, evaluation, and possible solution. Evaluates implementation and effectiveness of
research. May design, conduct, and evaluate experimental operational models where insufficient
data exists to formulate model. May specialize in research and preparation of contract proposals
specifying competence of organization to perform research, development, or production work.
May develop and apply time and cost networks, such as Program Evaluation and Review
Techniques (PERT), to plan and control large projects. May work in association with engineers,
scientists, and management personnel in business, government, health, transportation, energy,
manufacturing, environmental sciences or other technologies.
020.067-022 STATISTICIAN, MATHEMATICAL (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: statistician, theoretical
Conducts research into mathematical theories and proofs that
form basis of science of statistics and develops statistical methodology: Examines theories, such
as those of probability and inference, to discover mathematical bases for new or improved
methods of obtaining and evaluating numerical data. Develops and tests experimental designs,
sampling techniques, and analytical methods, and prepares recommendations concerning their
utilization in statistical surveys, experiments, and tests. Investigates, evaluates, and prepares
reports on applicability, efficiency, and accuracy of statistical methods used by physical and
social scientists, including STATISTICIANS, APPLIED (profess. & kin.), in obtaining and
evaluating data.
020.162-010 MATHEMATICAL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: data-reduction technician
Applies standardized mathematical formulas, principles, and
methodology to technological problems in engineering and physical sciences in relation to
specific industrial and research objectives, processes, equipment and products: Confers with
professional, scientific, and engineering personnel to plan project. Analyzes raw data from
computer or recorded on photographic film or other media. Selects most practical and accurate
combination and sequence of computational methods, using algebra, trigonometry, geometry,
vector analysis and calculus to reduce raw data to meaningful and manageable terms. Selects
most economical and reliable combination of manual, mechanical, or data processing methods
and equipment consistent with data reduction requirements. Modifies standard formulas to
conform to data processing method selected. Translates data into numerical values, equations,
flow charts, graphs or other media. Analyzes processed data to detect errors. May operate
calculator or computer.
020.167-010 ACTUARY (profess. & kin.)
Applies knowledge of mathematics, probability, statistics,
principles of finance and business to problems in life, health, social, and casualty insurance,
annuities, and pensions: Determines mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates;
constructs probability tables regarding fire, natural disasters, and unemployment, based on
analysis of statistical data and other pertinent information. Designs or reviews insurance and
pension plans and calculates premiums. Ascertains premium rates required and cash reserves and
liabilities necessary to ensure payment of future benefits. Determines equitable basis for
distributing surplus earnings under participating insurance and annuity contracts in mutual
companies. May specialize in one type of insurance and be designated Actuary, Casualty
(profess. & kin.); Actuary, Life (profess. & kin.).
020.167-026 STATISTICIAN, APPLIED (profess. & kin.)
Plans data collection, and analyzes and interprets numerical
data from experiments, studies, surveys, and other sources and applies statistical methodology to
provide information for scientific research and statistical analysis: Plans methods to collect
information and develops questionnaire techniques according to survey design. Conducts surveys
utilizing sampling techniques or complete enumeration bases. Evaluates reliability of source
information, adjusts and weighs raw data, and organizes results into form compatible with
analysis by computers or other methods. Presents numerical information by computer readouts,
graphs, charts, tables, written reports or other methods. Describes sources of information, and
limitations on reliability and usability. May analyze and interpret statistics to point up significant
differences in relationships among sources of information, and prepare conclusions and forecasts
based on data summaries. May specialize in specific aspect of statistics or industrial activity
reporting and be designated by specialty as Demographer (profess. & kin.) I; Statistician,
Analytical (profess. & kin.); Statistician, Engineering And Physical Science (profess. & kin.).
020.167-030 WEIGHT ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: weight engineer
Analyzes and calculates weight data of structural assemblies,
components, and loads for purposes of weight, balance, loading, and operational functions of
ships, aircraft, space vehicles, missiles, research instrumentation, and commercial and industrial
products and systems: Studies weight factors involved in new designs or modifications, utilizing
computer techniques for analysis and simulation. Analyzes data and prepares reports of weight
distribution estimates for use in design studies. Confers with design engineering personnel in
such departments as preliminary design, structures, aerodynamics, and sub-systems to ensure
coordination of weight, balance, and load specifications with other phases of product
development. Weighs parts, assemblies, or completed product, estimates weight of parts from
engineering drawings, and calculates weight distribution to determine balance. Prepares reports
or graphic data for designers when weight and balance requires engineering changes. Prepares
technical reports on mass moments of inertia, static and dynamic balance, dead weight
distributions, cargo and fuselage compartments, and fuel center of gravity travel. May prepare
cargo and equipment loading sequences to maintain balance of aircraft or space vehicle within
specified load limits. May analyze various systems, structures, and support equipment designs to
obtain information on most efficient compromise between weight, operations, and cost. May
conduct research and analysis to develop new techniques for weights estimating criteria.
021 OCCUPATIONS IN ASTRONOMY This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of celestial phenomena to increase basic scientific knowledge, or for practical application in such fields as navigation and guidance. Also includes occupations concerned with the visual and instrumental observation of astronomical phenomena and the recording and evaluation of data.
021.067-010 ASTRONOMER (profess. & kin.)
Observes and interprets celestial phenomena and relates
research to basic scientific knowledge or to practical problems, such as navigation: Studies
celestial phenomena by means of optical, radio, or other telescopes, equipped with such devices
as cameras, spectrometers, radiometers, photometers, and micrometers, which may either be on
ground or carried above atmosphere with balloons, rockets, satellites, or space probes. Interprets
information obtained in terms of basic physical laws. Determines sizes, shapes, brightness,
spectra, and motions, and computes positions of sun, moon, planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies.
Calculates orbits of various celestial bodies. Determines exact time by celestial observations, and
conducts research into relationships between time and space. Develops mathematical tables
giving positions of sun, moon, planets, and stars at given times for use by air and sea navigators.
Conducts research on statistical theory of motions of celestial bodies. Analyzes wave lengths of
radiation from celestial bodies, as observed in all ranges of spectrum. Studies history, structure,
extent, and evolution of stars, stellar systems, and universe. May design new and improved
optical, mechanical, and electronics instruments for astronomical research. May specialize in
either observational or theoretical aspects of stellar astronomy, stellar astrophysics, interstellar
medium, galactic structure, extragalactic astronomy, or cosmology.
022 OCCUPATIONS IN CHEMISTRY This group includes occupations concerned with research and development in the chemical and physical properties and compositional changes of substances. Specialization generally occurs in one or more branches of chemistry, such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry and analytical chemistry. Chemistry specializations within the field of environmental control are also included here. Occupations concerned with biochemistry are found in Group 041.
022.061-010 CHEMIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research, analysis, synthesis, and experimentation
on substances, for such purposes as product and process development and application,
quantitative and qualitative analysis, and improvement of analytical methodologies: Devises new
equipment, and develops formulas, processes, and methods for solution of technical problems.
Analyzes organic and inorganic compounds to determine chemical and physical properties,
utilizing such techniques as chromatography, spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry. Induces
changes in composition of substances by introduction of heat, light, energy, and chemical
catalysts. Conducts research on manufactured products to develop and improve products.
Conducts research into composition, structure, properties, relationships, and reactions of matter.
Confers with scientists and engineers regarding research, and prepares technical papers and
reports. Prepares standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, and tests. May be
designated according to chemistry specialty as Chemist, Analytical (profess. & kin.); Chemist,
Inorganic (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Organic (profess. & kin.); Chemist Physical (profess. & k
in.).
022.061-014 CHEMIST, FOOD (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research and analysis concerning chemistry of
foods to develop and improve foods and beverages: Experiments with natural and synthetic
materials or byproducts to develop new foods, additives, preservatives, anti-adulteration agents,
and related products. Studies effects of various methods of processing, preservation, and
packaging on composition and properties of foods, such as color, texture, aroma, taste, shelf life,
and nutritive content. Tests food and beverage samples, such as starch, sugar, cereals, beer,
canned and dehydrated food products, meats, vegetables, dairy foods, and other products to
ensure compliance with food laws, and standards of quality and purity. May perform, or
supervise workers performing, quality control tests in food processing, canning, freezing,
brewing or distilling. May specialize in particular food or process.
022.081-010 TOXICOLOGIST (pharmaceut.)
Conducts research on toxic effects of cosmetic products and
ingredients on laboratory animals for manufacturer of cosmetics: Applies cosmetic ingredient or
cosmetic being developed to exposed shaved skin area of test animal and observes and examines
skin periodically for possible development of abnormalities, inflammation, or irritation. Injects
ingredient into test animal, using hypodermic needle and syringe, and periodically observes
animal for signs of toxicity. Injects antidotes to determine which antidote best neutralizes toxic
effects. Tests and analyzes blood samples for presence of toxic conditions, using microscope and
laboratory test equipment. Dissects dead animals, using surgical instruments, and examines
organs to determine effects of cosmetic ingredients being tested. Prepares formal reports of test
results.
022.137-010 LABORATORY SUPERVISOR (profess. & kin.)
Supervises and coordinates activities of personnel engaged in
performing chemical and physical tests required for quality control of processes and products:
Directs and advises personnel in special test procedures to analyze components and physical
properties of materials. Compiles and analyzes test information to determine operating efficiency
of process or equipment and to diagnose malfunctions. Confers with scientists or engineers to
conduct analyses, interpret test results, or develop nonstandard tests. Performs other duties as
described under SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title. May adjust formulas and processes
based on test results. May test and analyze sample products. May prepare test solutions,
compounds, and reagents for use by laboratory personnel in conducting tests. May conduct
research to develop custom products and investigate complaints on existing products.
022.161-010 CHEMICAL LABORATORY CHIEF (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: chief chemist; director, chemical laboratory
Plans and directs activities of chemical laboratory in
industrial, research, governmental, or other organization: Plans, coordinates, and directs
programs for research, product development, improvement of manufacturing processes; or for
analysis and testing of substances to support criminal investigations, to detect toxins, or to verify
composition of manufactured and agricultural products, and natural resources, such as air, soil,
and water. Coordinates research and analysis activities according to applicable government
regulations, manufacturing processes, or other considerations, and approves modification of
formulas, standards, specifications, and processes. Reviews research, testing, quality control, and
other operational reports to ensure that quality standards, efficiency, and schedules are met.
Interprets results of laboratory activities to laboratory personnel, management, and professional
and technical societies, and prepares reports and technical papers. May prepare and administer
budgets. May advise and assist in obtaining patents for products, processes, or equipment.
022.161-014 COLORIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: color maker; color matcher
Develops color formulas for printing textile and plastic
materials and compares customer's sample with standard color card, or blends pigments into
vinyl solution and compares results with sample to determine formula required to duplicate
colors. Selects dyes according to properties desired by customer. Records color formula and
issues formula and mixing procedure to SUPERVISOR, COLOR-PASTE MIXING (textile) for
assignment to appropriate workers. Prepares color sequence chart to guide CLOTH PRINTER
(any industry) in setting up printing machine. Compares printed patch with customer's sample to
verify color shade and position of design. Files folder containing color patch and formula for
each design for use as printing standard. Coordinates color shop activities with printing
department production schedule. May inspect printed material to ensure adherence to customer
and plant specifications. May mix colors. May inventory and requisition supplies.
022.161-018 PERFUMER (chemical)
Evaluates odors of aromatic chemicals to set production
standards and ensure adherence by workers engaged in compounding and finishing operations:
Directs workers engaged in preparation of work orders for compounding department and reviews
batch sheets prepared for distillation department to ensure compliance with formulas devised in
perfume laboratory. Visits compounding and distillation areas and determines, by smelling, odor
qualities of prepared materials. Approves batches for finishing, from knowledge of odor
characteristics and odor blends conforming with customer or laboratory standards. Resmells
sample in air-filtered room, using blotter strips dipped in aromatic chemicals to evaluate
fragrances for specific characteristics, such as odor, body, harmony, strength, and permanence.
Compares odor and color of current sample with samples of previous batches. Rejects batches
not meeting criteria, and notifies distillation personnel to redistill product. May devise
production formulas and be designated Creative Perfumer (chemical).
022.261-010 CHEMICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Conducts chemical and physical laboratory tests of solid
materials, liquids, and gases, and analyzes test data for variety of purposes, such as research,
product development, quality control, criminal investigation, and establishing standards,
involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences:
Sets up laboratory equipment and instrumentation required for tests, research, or process control.
Tests and analyzes products, such as food, drugs, fertilizers, plastics, paints, detergents, paper,
petroleum, and cement, to determine strength, stability, purity, chemical content, and other
characteristics. Tests and analyzes materials and substances, such as ores, minerals, gases, soil,
water, and pollutants. Documents results of tests and analyses. May prepare chemical solutions
for use in processing materials, following standardized formulas or experimental procedures.
May test and analyze radioactive and biological materials, applying knowledge of radiochemical
procedures, emission spectrometry, and related techniques.
022.261-014 MALT-SPECIFICATIONS-CONTROL ASSISTANT (beverage)
Keeps perpetual inventory of malt and barley in storage
elevators and determines formulas for blending malt: Compiles continuous records of malt and
barley supplies by location, amount, physical characteristics, and chemical analysis. Writes
orders to malt house to produce and blend standard malt types. Notifies purchasing department of
barley supplies in storage. Analyzes physical and chemical test results to classify incoming
barley shipments. Selects tanks and issues orders for storing barley and malt in elevators.
Analyzes customer orders to determine if special malt blends are needed. Determines blend
formulas, using established chemical and mathematical procedures. Mixes sample of blend by
hand, orders chemical and physical testing by laboratory, and compares results with
specifications. Sends formula and sample to malt elevators and customers.
022.261-018 CHEMIST, INSTRUMENTATION (profess. & kin.)
Conducts chemical analyses of wastewater discharges of
industrial users of municipal wastewater treatment plant to determine industrial waste surcharge
assessments and to ensure that users meet pollution control requirements: Conducts chemical
analyses of samples, using special instrumentation, such as gas chromatograph with electron
capture, flame ionization, and thermal conductivity detectors, ultraviolet-visible recording
spectrophotometer with photometry attachments, and infrared spectrophotometer. Compares
findings with industry declared data and legal requirements and notes variations to be used in
determining industrial waste surcharge assessments and to regulate industrial waste discharges.
Develops new procedures in use of equipment and procedures for analyzing samples. Directs
subordinate laboratory personnel in routine tests.
022.261-022 CHEMIST, WASTEWATER-TREATMENT PLANT (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes samples of streams, raw and treated wastewater,
sludge, and other byproducts of wastewater treatment process to determine efficiency of plant
processes and to ensure that plant effluent meets water pollution control requirements, using
standard laboratory equipment: Conducts tests for settleable solids, suspended solids, total solids,
volatile solids, volatile acids, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen demand, turbidity, and other
substances. Initiates changes in laboratory procedures and equipment in order to increase
efficiency of laboratory. Directs laboratory personnel in prescribed laboratory techniques and
performance of routine tests.
022.281-010 ASSAYER (profess. & kin.)
Tests ores and minerals and analyzes results to determine
value and properties of components, using spectrographic analysis, chemical solutions, and
chemical or laboratory equipment, such as furnaces, beakers, graduates, pipettes, and crucibles:
Separates metals or other components from dross materials by solution, flotation, or other liquid
processes, or by dry methods, such as application of heat to form slags of lead, borax, and other
impurities. Weighs residues on balance scale to determine proportion of pure gold, silver,
platinum, or other metals or components. May specialize in testing and analyzing precious metals
and be designated Gold-And-Silver Assayer (profess. & kin.).
022.281-014 CHEMIST, WATER PURIFICATION (waterworks)
Analyzes water in purification plant to control chemical
processes which soften it or make it suitable for drinking: Analyzes samples of filtered water to
ensure that quantities of solids left in suspension are below prescribed limits. Determines
amounts of liquid chlorine to be used in chlorinators to destroy microbes and other harmful
organisms, basing amounts on findings of MICROBIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.). Determines
kinds and amounts of chemicals to be used in removing minerals, acids, salts, and other
inorganic compounds from water to soften it. Tests samples extracted from various points in
distribution system, such as mains, tanks, pumps, and outlets, to discover possible sources of
water contamination.
022.281-018 LABORATORY TESTER (plastic-synth.)
Examines, measures, photographs, and tests synthetic fiber
samples to facilitate quality control of forming, treating, and texturing processes, performing any
combination of following tasks: Dips several twisted threads in melted wax and directs stream of
cold water over threads to congeal wax. Slices threads crosswise, using microtome. Dissolves
wax, using solvent, and positions thread sample on microscope slide. Inserts slide in microscope
and photographs sample, using standard microphotographic equipment and techniques.
Develops, prints, and labels photographs. Analyzes photographs to determine whether structure
and other characteristics of thread meet plant standards. Determines tensile strength of thread
samples, using device that draws material between two jaws until breakage occurs. Measures
cross-sectional area of thread samples, using planimeter. Immerses samples in water, corrosives,
or cleaning agents to detect shrinkage or damage. Places thread samples in dye bath to evaluate
permeability of dye and exposes samples to controlled light source to ascertain fade resistance.
Prepares and submits reports of findings to production personnel to facilitate quality control of
product.
022.381-010 YEAST-CULTURE DEVELOPER (beverage)
Selects and cultivates yeast cells to develop pure yeast culture
for brewing beer and malt liquors: Samples beer in fermenting stages to select specimens
containing yeast cells having specific reproduction characteristics. Prepares cover glasses and
slides with smears of yeast preparation taken from beer samples. Examines slides under
microscope to isolate specific cells and record position of cells. Incubates slides to allow colonies
of cells to form. Inoculates cells with hopped wort, using sterile needle to transfer cells from
slides to flasks containing wort. Cultivates cells in flasks by incubation and propagates single cell
cultures by transferring cells to additional flasks. Siphons developing yeast culture from flasks to
tanks and pumps yeast culture from tanks to sterile barrels. Seals barrels with sterile bung and
packs sealed barrels in dry ice to prevent yeast degeneration. Cleans and sterilizes equipment.
023 OCCUPATIONS IN PHYSICS This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of the laws of matter and energy and their application to problems in such fields as science, engineering, medicine, environment, and production.
023.061-010 ELECTRO-OPTICAL ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research and plans development and design of gas
and solid state lasers, masers, infrared, and other light emitting and light sensitive devices:
Designs electronic circuitry and optical components with specific characteristics to fit within
specified mechanical limits and to perform according to specifications. Designs suitable mounts
for optics and power supply systems. Incorporates methods for maintenance and repair of
components and designs, and develops test instrumentation and test procedures. Confers with
engineering and technical personnel regarding fabrication and testing of prototype systems, and
modifies design as required. May conduct application analysis to determine commercial,
industrial, scientific, medical, military, or other use for electro-optical devices. May assist with
development of manufacturing, assembly, and fabrication processes.
023.061-014 PHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into phases of physical phenomena,
develops theories and laws on basis of observation and experiments, and devises methods to
apply laws and theories of physics to industry, medicine, and other fields: Performs experiments
with masers, lasers, cyclotrons, betatrons, telescopes, mass spectrometers, electron microscopes,
and other equipment to observe structure and properties of matter, transformation and
propagation of energy, relationships between matter and energy, and other physical phenomena.
Describes and expresses observations and conclusions in mathematical terms. Devises
procedures for physical testing of materials. Conducts instrumental analyses to determine
physical properties of materials. May specialize in one or more branches of physics and be
designated Physicist, Acoustics (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Astrophysics (profess. & kin.);
Physicist, Atomic, Electronic And Molecular (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Cryogenics (profess. &
kin.); Physicist, Electricity And Magnetism (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Fluids (profess. & kin.).
May be designated: Physicist, Light And Optics (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Nuclear (profess. &
kin.); Physicist, Plasma (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Solid Earth (profess. & kin.); Physicist,
Solid State (profess. & kin.); Physicist, Thermodynamics (profess. & kin.).
023.067-010 PHYSICIST, THEORETICAL (profess. & kin.)
Designs, conceives, and interprets experiments in physics and
formulates theories consistent with data obtained: Analyzes results of experiments designed to
detect and measure previously unobserved physical phenomena. Applies mathematical methods
to solution of physical problems.
024 OCCUPATIONS IN GEOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of the composition, structure, and physical and biological history of the earth's crust and the application of this knowledge in such fields as archeology, mining, construction, and environmental impact. Typical specializations are ecomonic geology, historical geology, mineralogy, mining geology, paleontology, petroleum geology, petrology, physiography, structural geology, subsurface geology.
024.061-010 CRYSTALLOGRAPHER (clock & watch)
Conducts studies of nonmetallic minerals used in horological
industry. Performs experimental research concerned with projects, such as development of
diamond tools and dies, fabrication of jeweled bearings, and development of grinding $T3laps
III$T1 and wheels. Tests industrial diamonds and abrasives to determine grain size, pattern,
crystalline orientation, goniometric features and other factors in order to appraise their suitability
for use, using optical, x-ray, and other precision instruments. Repairs diamond and abrasive
tools. Develops improved methods of fabricating silicon-carbide compounds into bearings and
investigates substitution of other materials.
024.061-014 GEODESIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies size, shape, and gravitational field of earth: Employs
surveying and geodetic instruments, such as transits, theodolites, and other engineering
instruments, in setting up and improving network of triangulation over earth's surface, in order to
provide fixed points for use in making maps. Establishes bench marks (known points of
elevation). Performs gravimetric surveying to determine variations in earth's gravitational field,
and provides data used in determination of weight, size, and mass of earth.
024.061-018 GEOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies composition, structure, and history of earth's crust:
Examines rocks, minerals, and fossil remains to identify and determine sequence of processes
affecting development of earth. Applies knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and
mathematics to explain these phenomena and to help locate mineral, geothermal, and petroleum
deposits and underground water resources. Studies ocean bottom. Applies geological knowledge
to engineering problems encountered in construction projects, such as dams, tunnels, and large
buildings. Studies fossil plants and animals to determine their evolutionary sequence and age.
Prepares geologic reports and maps, interprets research data, and recommends further study or
action. May specialize in area of study and be designated Geomorphologist (profess. & kin.);
Oceanographer, Geological (profess. & kin.); Photogeologist (profess. & kin.). May conduct or
participate in environmental studies and prepare environmental reports. Workers applying
principles of rock and soil mechanics for engineering projects may be designated Geological
Engineer (profess. & kin.). Workers applying all branches of geologic knowledge to conditions
that affect planning, design, construction, operation and safety to engineering projects may be
designated Engineering Geologist (profess. & kin.).
024.061-022 GEOLOGIST, PETROLEUM (petrol. & gas)
Explores and charts stratigraphic arrangement and structure of
earth to locate gas and oil deposits: Studies well logs, analyzes cores and cuttings from well
drillings, and interprets data obtained by electrical or radioactive well logging and other
subsurface surveys to identify earth strata. Examines aerial photographs, evaluates results of
geophysical prospecting, and prepares surface and subsurface maps and diagrams depicting
stratigraphic arrangement and composition of earth and probable deposits of gas and oil.
Recommends acquisition, retention, or release of property leases or contracts. Estimates oil
reserves in proven or prospective fields, and consults with PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (petrol.
& gas) concerning drilling and production methods. May direct drilling of shallow exploratory
wells.
024.061-026 GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTOR (petrol. & gas)
Studies structure of subsurface rock formations to locate
petroleum deposits: Conducts research, using geophysical instruments such as seismograph,
gravimeter, torsion balance, and magnetometer, pendulum devices, and electrical-resistivity
apparatus to measure characteristics of earth. Computes variations in physical forces existing at
different locations and interprets data to reveal subsurface structures likely to contain petroleum
deposits. Prepares charts, profiles or subsurface contour maps, and determines desirable locations
for drilling operations. Directs field crews drilling boreholes and collecting samples of rock and
soil for chemical analysis of hydrocarbon content. May specialize in particular instrumentation
and be designated Electrical Prospector (petrol. & gas); Gravity Prospector (petrol. & gas);
Magnetic Prospector (petrol. & gas); Seismic Prospector (petrol. & gas).
024.061-030 GEOPHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies physical aspects of earth, including its atmosphere
and hydrosphere: Investigates and measures seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal, and
magnetic forces affecting earth, utilizing principles of physics, mathematics, and chemistry.
Analyzes data obtained to compute shape of earth, estimate composition and structure of earth's
interior, determine flow pattern of ocean tides and currents, study physical properties of
atmosphere, and help locate petroleum and mineral deposits. Investigates origin and activity of
glaciers, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Compiles data to prepare navigational charts and maps,
predict atmospheric conditions, prepare environmental reports, and establish water supply and
flood-control programs. May study specific aspect of geophysics and be designated
Geomagnetician (profess. & kin.); Glaciologist (profess. & kin.); Oceanographer, Physical
(profess. & kin.); Tectonophysicist (profess. & kin.); Volcanologist (profess. & kin.).
024.061-034 HYDROLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies distribution, disposition, and development of waters
of land areas, including form and intensity of precipitation, and modes of return to ocean and
atmosphere: Maps and charts water flow and disposition of sediment. Measures changes in water
volume due to evaporation and melting of snow. Studies storm occurrences and nature and
movement of glaciers, and determines rate of ground absorption and ultimate disposition of
water. Evaluates data obtained in reference to such problems as flood and drought forecasting,
soil and water conservation programs, and planning water supply, water power, flood control,
drainage, irrigation, crop production, and inland navigation projects.
024.061-038 MINERALOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Examines, analyzes, and classifies minerals, gems, and
precious stones: Isolates specimen from ore, rocks, or matrices. Makes microscopic examination
to determine shape, surface markings, and other physical characteristics. Performs physical and
chemical tests and makes x-ray examinations to determine composition of specimen and type of
crystalline structure. Identifies and classifies samples. Develops data and theories on mode of
origin, occurrence, and possible uses of minerals.
024.061-042 PALEONTOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies fossilized remains of plants and animals found in
geological formations to trace evolution and development of past life and identify geological
formations according to nature and chronology: Recovers and assembles fossilized specimens,
notes their positions, and classifies them according to their botanical or zoological family and
probable age. Prepares treatises on findings for furtherance of scientific study, or as in aid to
location of natural resources, such as petroleum-bearing formations. May organize scientific
expeditions and supervise removal of fossils from deposits and matrix rock formations. May
specialize in study of plant fossils and be designated Paleobotanist (profess. & kin.). May
specialize in study of fossilized micro-organisms and be designated Micropaleontologist
(profess. & kin.).
024.061-046 PETROLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Investigates composition, structure, and history of rock
masses forming earth's crust. Applies findings to such fields of investigation as causes of
formations, breaking down and weathering, chemical composition and forms of deposition of
sedimentary rocks, methods of eruption, and origin and causes of metamorphosis.
024.061-050 SEISMOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies and interprets seismic data to locate earthquakes and
earthquake faults: Reviews, analyzes, and interprets data from seismographs and geophysical
instruments. Establishes existence and activity of faults, and direction, motion, and stress of earth
movements before, during, and after earthquakes. Conducts research on seismic forces affecting
deformative movements of earth. May issue maps or reports indicating areas of seismic risk to
existing or proposed construction or development.
024.061-054 STRATIGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Studies relative position and order of succession of deposits
containing or separating archaeological fossil or plant material. Studies relation of life of past
ages, evolutionary changes as recorded by fossil animals and plants, and successive changes in
distribution of land and sea as interpreted from character of fossil content of sedimentary rocks.
024.161-010 ENGINEER, SOILS (profess. & kin.)
Studies and analyzes surface and subsurface soils to
determine characteristics for construction, development, or land planning: Inspects proposed
construction site, and sets up test equipment and drilling machinery to obtain data and soil and
rock samples. Analyzes data and soil samples through field and laboratory analysis, to determine
type, classification, characteristics, and stability of soil. Computes bearing weights, prepares
maps, charts, and reports of test results. May make recommendations regarding foundation
design, slope angles, grading or building heights. May participate in environmental studies and
prepare environmental impact reports.
024.167-010 GEOPHYSICAL-LABORATORY CHIEF (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: director, geophysical laboratory; engineer, geophysical laboratory; research engineer, geophysical laboratory; superintendent, geophysical laboratory
Plans, directs, and coordinates research activities of
geophysical laboratory to develop new or improved instruments and methods for measuring
physical characteristics of earth's crust which provide data for petroleum or mineral exploration:
Consults with management and field and laboratory technical personnel to determine specific
phases of geophysical prospecting in which improved processes might be evolved by study and
experimentation. Plans research programs and initiates and directs experiments to improve
prospecting procedures, explore possibilities of new theories, and develop improved or new
instruments. Directs and coordinates activities concerned with designing, building, and field
testing experimental instruments and maintenance and repair of laboratory and prospecting
instruments.
024.267-010 GEOLOGICAL AIDE (petrol. & gas)
Examines and compiles geological information to provide
technical data to GEOLOGIST, PETROLEUM (petrol. & gas) 024.061-022, using surface and
subsurface maps, oil and gas well activity reports, and sand and core analysis studies: Studies
geological reports to extract well data and posts data to maps and logs. Draws subsurface
formation contours on charts to lay out and prepare geological cross section charts. Compiles
information regarding well tests, completions, and formation tops to prepare oil or gas well
records. Records net sand and sand percentage counts and calculates isopachous values to
compile sand analysis data. Studies directional logs and surveys to calculate and plot formation
tops. Reads well activity reports and records key well locations in drilling activity book.
Assembles and distributes prepared charts, maps, and reports to geologist requesting material.
Maintains file record systems and geological library. Attends SCOUT (petrol. & gas)
010.267-010 meeting to compile information on well activity. Contacts competitors to acquire oil
and gas samples from wells. Operates computer terminal for input and retrieval of geological
data.
024.284-010 PROSPECTOR (any industry)
Explores likely regions to discover valuable mineral deposits,
using topographical maps, surveys, reports, and knowledge of geology and mineralogy:
Examines outcrops, placer, and stream channels for mineral content. Drills, dynamites, or digs
trenches or pits along rock formations or creek beds to obtain rock samples. Breaks off samples
and tests them for presence of minerals with heat, acid, magnifying glass, or by pulverizing and
washing or panning. Assays samples for preliminary quantitative estimate. Collects data on rock
formations, using geophysical instruments and devices, such as geiger counters and electronic
sounding equipment, and determines feasibility of staking and developing claim. Stakes claim
according to federal or state legal requirements. Develops mineral deposits by means of placer or
hard rock mining. May sell interests in discovered areas.
024.364-010 PALEONTOLOGICAL HELPER (profess. & kin.)
Prepares, classifies, and sorts rock and fossil specimens:
Records receipt of fossil and rock samples from outcroppings, quarries, oil or gas wells,
boreholes, or other sources. Cleans, washes, and prepares samples, using probes, brushes, or
cleaning solutions to remove extraneous matter. Separates rock and fossil specimens and
classifies them into general categories of fossilization. Compiles background data of rock or
fossil. Sacks and labels specimens. Mounts specimen for study or experimentation.
024.381-010 to 079.131-010 This category includes occupations concerned with the theoretical or practical aspects of such fields of human endeavor as art, science, engineering, education, medicine, law, business relations, and administrative, managerial, and technical work. Most of these occupations require substantial educational preparation (usually at the university, junior college, or technical institute level). 024.381-010 LABORATORY ASSISTANT (petrol. & gas) alternate titles: analyst, geochemical prospecting; core analyst; laboratory tester
Tests sand, shale, and other earth materials to determine
petroleum and mineral content and physical characteristics: Performs routine chemical or
physical tests of earth samples in field or laboratory to determine content of hydrocarbon or other
minerals indicating presence of petroleum and mineral deposits. Tests core samples brought up
during well drilling to determine permeability and porosity of sample, fluid content of sand and
shale, salinity of drilling mud, and other conditions affecting oil well drilling operations.
025 OCCUPATIONS IN METEOROLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with the investigation of atmospheric phenomena with specializations, such as synoptic meteorology, climatology, dynamic meteorology, physical meteorology, radar and radio meteorology, and hydrometeorology.
025.062-010 METEOROLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: weather forecaster
Analyzes and interprets meteorological data gathered by
surface and upper-air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare reports and forecasts for public and
other users: Studies and interprets synoptic reports, maps, photographs, and prognostic charts to
predict long and short range weather conditions. Operates computer graphic equipment to
produce weather reports and maps for analysis, distribution to users, or for use in televised
weather broadcast. Issues hurricane and other severe weather warnings. May broadcast weather
forecast over television or radio. May prepare special forecasts and briefings for particular
audiences, such as those involved in air and sea transportation, agriculture, fire prevention,
air-pollution control, and school groups. May direct forecasting services at weather station, or at
radio or television broadcasting facility. May conduct basic or applied research in meteorology.
May establish and staff weather observation stations.
025.264-010 HYDROGRAPHER (waterworks)
Analyzes hydrographic data to determine trends in movement
and utilization of water: Reads meters and gauges to measure waterflow and pressure in streams,
conduits, and pipelines, and records data. Measures water level in lakes, reservoirs, and tanks.
Calculates seepage and evaporation rates for dams and reservoirs. Measures depth of water in
wells and test holes to determine ground water level. Measures snow characteristics to evaluate
water yield from snow runoff. Prepares graphs and charts to illustrate water patterns. Positions
sluice gates to direct water onto spreading grounds. Installs, calibrates, and maintains metering
instruments. Recommends locations for metering stations and instrument placement.
025.267-010 OCEANOGRAPHER, ASSISTANT (military ser.)
Analyzes and records oceanographic and meteorological data
to forecast changes in weather or sea condition: Collects weather and oceanographic data, using
meteorological and oceanographic equipment and visual observation. Sketches surface weather
charts, upper air charts, sea condition charts, and other charts and maps to indicate weather and
sea conditions. Prepares and forecasts warnings of severe and hazardous weather and sea
conditions and prepares briefings of current and predicted environmental conditions and their
effect on military operations. Performs preventative maintenance on meteorological and
oceanographic equipment.
025.267-014 WEATHER OBSERVER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: meteorological technician
Observes and records weather conditions for use in
forecasting: Periodically observes general weather, sky and visibility conditions, and reads
weather instruments including thermometers, barometers, and hygrometers to ascertain elements,
such as temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, wind velocity, and precipitation. Transmits
and receives weather data from other stations over teletype machine. May collect upper-air data
on temperature, humidity, and winds, using weather balloon and radiosonde equipment. May
conduct pilot briefings.
029 OCCUPATIONS IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with mathematics and the physical sciences.
029.067-010 GEOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Studies nature and use of areas of earth's surface, relating and
interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena: Conducts research on physical and
climatic aspects of area or region, making direct observation of landforms, climates, soils, plants,
and animals within area under study and incorporating available knowledge from related
scientific fields, such as physics, geology, oceanography, meteorology, and biology. Studies
human activities within given area, such as ethnic distribution, economic activity, and political
organization. Acts as adviser or consultant to governments and international organizations on
subjects, such as economic exploitation of regions and determination of ethnic and natural
boundaries between nations or administrative areas. May use surveying equipment or
meteorological instruments. May construct and interpret maps, graphs, and diagrams. May
specialize in particular branch of cultural geography, such as economic, political, urban, social,
or historical geography.
029.067-014 GEOGRAPHER, PHYSICAL (profess. & kin.)
Studies origins, nature, and distribution of features of earth's
surface, including landforms, climates, soils, plants, and animals: Makes surveys of physical
characteristics of specific regions, conducting studies of features, such as elevations, drainage,
geological formations, climate, vegetation, and access to other regions. May conduct
environmental studies and prepare environmental impact reports.
029.081-010 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: environmental scientist
Conducts research studies to develop theories or methods of
abating or controlling sources of environmental pollutants, utilizing knowledge of principles and
concepts of various scientific and engineering disciplines: Determines data collection methods to
be employed in research projects and surveys. Plans and develops research models, using
knowledge of mathematical, statistical, and physical science concepts and approaches. Identifies
and analyzes sources of pollution to determine their effects. Collects and synthesizes data derived
from pollution emission measurements, atmospheric monitoring, meteorological and
mineralogical information, and soil or water samples. Prepares graphs, charts, and statistical
models from synthesized data, using knowledge of mathematical, statistical, and engineering
analysis techniques. Analyzes data to assess pollution problems, establish standards, and develop
approaches for control of pollution. May be designated according to aspect of environment in
which engaged as Air Pollution Analyst (profess. & kin.); Soils Analyst (profess. & kin.); Water
Quality Analyst (profess. & kin.).
029.081-014 MATERIALS SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts scientific studies for understanding, characterizing
and developing materials leading to potential uses for the benefit of science and emerging
technologies: Conducts programs for studying structures and properties of various materials,
such as metals, alloys, ceramics, semiconductors and polymers to obtain research data. Plans
experimental laboratory production of materials having special characteristics to confirm
feasibility of processes and techniques for potential users. Prepares reports of materials studies
for information of other scientists and requestors. May guide technical staff engaged in
developing materials for specific use in projected product or device.
029.167-010 AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETER (government ser.)
Analyzes aerial photographs to detect significant military,
industrial, resource, or topographical data: Studies photographs to locate enemy positions,
camouflaged military installations and equipment, roads, industrial centers, rivers, wooded areas,
and to determine nature of terrain. Interprets photographs to evaluate enemy strength and to
predict military intentions. May draw maps for use of field commanders in planning deployment
of troops. May interpret photographs for timber evaluation, water shed management,
construction, or mining. May request enlargement of photograph for more detailed analysis. May
use computers and data banks to store, retrieve, and compare information.
029.167-014 PROJECT MANAGER, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (profess. & kin.)
Plans, directs, and coordinates activities of staff involved in
developing procedures, equipment, and techniques to solve pollution problems, using scientific
research methods: Schedules and assigns duties to staff research scientists and engineers based
on evaluation of their knowledge of specific disciplines. Confers with project scientists and
research engineers to formulate research plan, coordinate project activities, and establish
reporting procedures. Prepares environmental research project feasibility and progress reports.
Coordinates activities of research personnel conducting successive phases of problem analysis,
solution proposals, and testing. Reviews technical aspects of project to assist staff and assess
productivity of lines of research. Reviews project operations to ensure coordination of efforts and
timely submission of reports. Analyzes reports to evaluate program effectiveness and budgetary
needs. Approves expenditures necessary for completion of project. Coordinates planning, testing,
and operating phases to complete project. Confers with local regulatory agencies to discover
local environmental quality standards, industrial practices, and new developments in pollution
abatement. May provide technical assistance to agencies conducting related environmental
studies.
029.261-010 LABORATORY TESTER (any industry)
Performs laboratory tests according to prescribed standards to
determine chemical and physical characteristics or composition of solid, liquid, or gaseous
materials for such purposes as quality control, process control, or product development: Sets up,
adjusts and operates laboratory equipment and instruments, such as microscopes, centrifuge,
agitators, viscosimeter, chemical balance scales, spectrophotometer, gas chromatograph,
colorimeter, and other equipment. Tests materials used as ingredients in adhesives, cement,
propellants, lubricants, refractories, synthetic rubber, plastics, paint, paper, cloth, and other
products for such qualities as purity, stability, viscosity, density, absorption, burning rate, and
melting or flash point. Tests solutions used in processes, such as anodizing, waterproofing,
cleaning, bleaching, and pickling for chemical concentration, specific gravity, or other
characteristics. Tests materials for presence and content of elements or substances, such as
hydrocarbons, manganese, natural grease, tungsten, sulfur, cyanide, ash, dust, or impurities. Tests
samples of manufactured products to verify conformity to specifications. Records test results on
standardized forms and writes test reports describing procedures used. Cleans and sterilizes
laboratory equipment. May prepare graphs and charts. May prepare chemical solutions according
to standard formulas. May add chemicals or raw materials to process solutions or product batches
to correct or establish formulation required to meet specifications. May calibrate laboratory
instruments. May be designated according to product or material tested. For testing of food
products see FOOD TESTER (any industry) 029.361-014.
029.261-014 POLLUTION-CONTROL TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: environmental technician
Conducts tests and field investigations to obtain data for use
by environmental, engineering, and scientific personnel in determining sources and methods of
controlling pollutants in air, water, and soil, utilizing knowledge of agriculture, chemistry,
meteorology, and engineering principles and applied technologies: Conducts chemical and
physical laboratory and field tests according to prescribed standards to determine characteristics
or composition of solid, liquid, or gaseous materials and substances, using pH meter, chemicals,
autoclaves, centrifuge, spectrophotometer, microscope, analytical instrumentation, and chemical
laboratory equipment. Collects samples of gases from smokestacks, and collects other air
samples and meteorological data to assist in evaluation of atmospheric pollutants. Collects water
samples from streams and lakes, or raw, semiprocessed or processed water, industrial waste
water, or water from other sources to assess pollution problem. Collects soil, silt, or mud to
determine chemical composition and nature of pollutants. Prepares sample for testing, records
data, and prepares summaries and charts for review. Sets monitoring equipment to provide flow
of information. Installs, operates, and performs routine maintenance on gas and fluid flow
systems, chemical reaction systems, mechanical equipment, and other test instrumentation. May
operate fixed or mobile monitoring or data collection station. May conduct bacteriological or
other tests related to research in environmental or pollution control activity. May collect and
analyze engine exhaust emissions to determine type and amount of pollutants and be designated
Engine Emission Technician (profess. & kin.). May specialize in one phase or type of
environmental pollution or protection and be identified according to specialty.
029.261-018 TEST-ENGINE OPERATOR (petrol. refin.) alternate titles: research-test-engine operator
Subjects petroleum fuels and lubricants to simulated
operating conditions in full-scale test engines to obtain evaluating data: Runs tests with gasoline,
diesel, aviation, and supercharged research test engines, dynamometers, and other mechanical
testing equipment, varying such factors as speed, temperature, load, fuel, and bearing, motor, or
chassis lubricants as specified. Records horsepower ratings and other performance data. Tests
fuels in standardized knock-rating test engines to obtain data for determination of octane or
cetene values. Adjusts and makes minor repairs to engines during test runs.
029.261-022 TESTER (petrol. refin.) alternate titles: crude tester; gas analyst; laboratory inspector; laboratory technician; laboratory tester; oil tester
Tests and analyzes samples of crude oil and petroleum
products during processing stages, using laboratory apparatus, testing equipment, and following
standard test procedures to determine physical and chemical properties and ensure products meet
quality control standards: Tests samples of crude and blended oils, gases, asphalts, and pressure
distillates to determine characteristics, such as boiling, vapor, freeze, condensation, flash and
aniline points, viscosity, specific gravity, penetration, doctor solution, distillation, and corrosion,
using test and laboratory equipment, such as hydrometers, fractionators, distillation apparatus,
and analytical scales. Analyzes content of products to determine presence of gases, such as
propane, iso-butane, butane, iso-pentane, and ethene. Determines hydrocarbon composition of
gasolines, blending stocks and gases, using fractional distillation equipment, gas
chromatography, and mass spectrometer. Operates fractionation column to separate crude oil into
oils with different boiling points to determine their properties. Analyzes composition of products
to determine quantitative presence of gum, sulfur, aromatics, olefins, water, and sediment.
Compares color of liquid product with charts to determine processing factors measurable by
color. May test air and water samples to detect industrial pollutants.
029.261-026 CRIMINALIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: crime laboratory analyst; police chemist
Applies scientific principles to analysis, identification, and
classification of mechanical devices, chemical and physical substances, materials, liquids, or
other physical evidence related to criminology, law enforcement, or investigative work: Searches
for, collects, photographs, and preserves evidence. Performs variety of analytical examinations,
utilizing chemistry, physics, mechanics, and other sciences. Analyzes items, such as paint, glass,
printed matter, paper, ink, fabric, dust, dirt, gases, or other substances, using spectroscope,
microscope, infrared and ultraviolet light, microphotography, gas chromatograph, or other
recording, measuring, or testing instruments. Identifies hair, skin, tissue, blood, bones, or human
organs. Examines and classifies explosives, firearms, bullets, shells, and other weapons.
Interprets laboratory findings relative to drugs, poisons, narcotics, alcohol, or other compounds
ingested or injected into body. Reconstructs crime scene, preserving marks or impressions made
by shoes, tires, or other objects by plaster or moulage casts. Prepares reports or presentations of
findings, methods, and techniques used to support conclusions, and prepares results for court or
other formal hearings. May testify as expert witness on evidence or crime laboratory techniques.
Confers with experts in such specialties as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, documents,
electronics, metallurgy, biochemistry, medicine, or others.
029.280-010 PHOTO-OPTICS TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Sets up and operates photo-optical instrumentation to record
and photograph data for scientific and engineering projects: Operates and calibrates photo-optical
equipment according to formalized procedures, maintenance manuals, and schematic diagrams.
Operates test equipment and performs analysis of data for engineering and scientific personnel.
May install and calibrate optical and photographic data collection equipment in missiles, aircraft,
weaponry, weather or communication satellites, underwater devices, or other installations. May
evaluate adequacy of data obtained to determine need for future changes in instrumentation. May
modify existing equipment and participate in planning and testing modified equipment and
instrumentation procedures.
029.361-010 BOTTLE-HOUSE QUALITY-CONTROL TECHNICIAN (beverage) alternate titles: quality-control technician
Performs physical measuring and chemical analysis tests of
packaged beer and materials in quality control laboratory of brewery bottle house: Selects test
samples of crowns, cans, lids, bottles, labels, and cartons from packaging lines following
established procedures as to time, place, and sequence. Measures dimensions of crowns, cans,
bottles, lids, and labels with scales and micrometers. Conducts abrasion tests on cans, lids,
bottles, crowns, and labels with abrasion machine. Measures hardness of crowns, lids, and cans,
using hardness tester. Measures bursting strength of bottles, using hydraulic bursting machine.
Tests wet and dry tearing strengths of labels and cartons. Weighs filled cans and bottles to
measure volume of beer. Records test results and prepares graphs and charts.
029.361-014 FOOD TESTER (any industry)
Performs standardized qualitative and quantitative tests to
determine physical or chemical properties of food or beverage products, or to ensure compliance
with company or government quality standards: Conducts standardized tests of food, beverages,
additives, and preservatives for flavor, color, texture, nutritional value, or other factors, using
incubator, autoclave, ovens, balance scales, refractometer, or other equipment. Tests flavoring
and spices for moisture, oil content, coloring, and pungency, using spectrophotometer,
stereomicroscope, and ovens. Tests production samples of food for compliance with standards,
using spectrometer, pH meter, distillation equipment, balance scales, and other equipment.
Refers to tables or computes such factors as moisture, salt content, sediment, or solubility.
Smells samples of food for odors or tastes for prescribed flavor. Observes sample smear,
sediment disk, or agar sample through microscope to identify bacterial or extraneous matter.
Compares test results with standards and records results. Cleans laboratory equipment. May mix
ingredients to make reagents. May operate calculating machine to compute percentages of
ingredients in finished product. May be identified according to quality or product tested.
029.361-018 LABORATORY ASSISTANT (utilities) alternate titles: laboratory technician
Performs standardized physical and chemical tests on
materials and supplies used throughout power system to ensure compliance with specifications:
Tests water used in boilers of steam generating plant for alkalinity and silica and phosphate
content, using colorimeter and spectrophotometer. Notifies POWER-PLANT OPERATOR
(utilities) or AUXILIARY-EQUIPMENT OPERATOR (utilities) of amount of chemical
additives required to bring water to prescribed level of purity. Tests coal to determine Btu
content by burning coal samples in colorimeter. Tests oil used in circuit breakers for dielectric
strength by placing sample of oil in ceramic cup positioned between two electrodes, and
measuring current conducted by oil, using ohmmeter. Ascertains heat resisting qualities of
insulating paints and varnishes by coating pieces of sheet metal with paint and varnish and
subjecting them to high temperatures. May determine viscosity index of lubricating oils, using
viscosimeter. May inspect rubber protective equipment, such as aprons, gloves, and blankets for
flaws.
029.381-010 CLOTH TESTER (garment; textile)
Performs standardized chemical and physical tests on samples
of cloth to verify adherence to specifications: Compares test results with specimens of cloth or
prepared standard cards, graphs, or tables. Examines cloth microscopically or through
magnifying glass to determine number of threads per inch, whether woven, warped or knitted,
and to identify type of fibers, such as wool, nylon, cotton, polyester, acrylic, or a blend. Tests
cloth for weight, fastness of dye, color, type of material, tensile strength, shrinkage, absorbency,
or fire retardency, using special testing devices, chemicals, water, heat, drying oven,
dehumidifier and scale. May test items, such as buttons, buckles, bindings, webbing, laces, and
threads. May mix and apply chemicals to remove stains from garments or fabric soiled in
manufacture or transit.
029.381-014 LABORATORY ASSISTANT (textile) alternate titles: laboratory tester
Performs standardized laboratory tests to verify chemical
characteristics or composition of textile fibers, yarns, and products, and materials used in
processing textiles: Tests oil and soap products to determine fitness for use in cloth and yarn
finishing processes. Tests dyed goods for stripping (removing dye). Tests greige goods to
determine if goods are of specified quality for dyeing, printing, and finishing. Verifies dye
formulas used to develop or match colors by dyeing samples of cloth, yarn or textile fibers, and
determines fastness of dyes, using laboratory equipment. Tests raw stock for moisture content
with meter-equipped probe. Verifies efficiency of scouring process by testing wool samples to
determine percentage of natural greases removed, using scales, solvents, and ovens. Measures
tear strength and wet and dry tensile strength, using tensile-testing equipment. Determines color
value by subjecting material to lights. Visually inspects yarns and finished material. May classify
finished product according to quality and estimate amount of mending required.
029.383-010 PILOT, SUBMERSIBLE (any industry)
Pilots submersible craft to conduct research in fields of
oceanography or marine biology, test capabilities and performance of craft and auxiliary
equipment, or perform underwater activities, such as exploration, mapping, photography, or
construction, salvage or rescue work: Plans and develops operational procedures or techniques in
order to investigate and test theories, or carry out specific underwater activities. Conducts
predive operational tests on craft, life support systems, and other equipment. Pilots and controls
craft to carry out mission in accordance with operational plans. Conducts scientific tests on effect
of underwater life, life support systems, and habitats on human or other animals. Performs
maintenance and repair on underwater facilities, well-heads, or pipelines. Carries out specific
salvage or rescue operations. May perform activities outside of craft, using scuba equipment
[SCUBA DIVER (any industry)]. May prepare technical reports or provide data for use by
scientific or engineering personnel.
03 COMPUTER-RELATED OCCUPATIONS This division includes occupations concerned with the application of computers and computer languages and the utilization of the computer in the design and solution of business, scientific, engineering and other technical problems. This division does not include workers, such as accountants, stock brokers, and secretaries, who use computers to aid them in performing their work. Occupations concerned with the mathematical statement of problems for solution by computers are included in Group 020. Occupations concerned with the application of electronics and the principles of engineering to design and develop computing equipment are included in Group 003. Occupations concerned with writing user instructions for computer application programs are included in Group 131. Occupations concerned with training workers to use new or modified information processing procedures are included in Group 166. Occupations concerned with operating and monitoring computers are included in Group 213.
030 OCCUPATIONS IN SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING This group includes occupations concerned with the analysis and evaluation of procedures and processes to design a sequence of steps for processing data by a computer. These activities may require the conversion of a sequence of steps into a computer language code which will be processed by the computer. Included are testing, locating and correcting program errors, enhancing, maintaining, and executing the coded instructions.
030.062-010 SOFTWARE ENGINEER (profess. & kin.)
Researches, designs, and develops computer software
systems, in conjunction with hardware product development, for medical, industrial, military,
communications, aerospace, and scientific applications, applying principles and techniques of
computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis: Analyzes software requirements to
determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints. Consults with hardware
engineers and other engineering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and software, and
operational and performance requirements of overall system. Formulates and designs software
system, using scientific analysis and $T3mathematical models$T1 to predict and measure
outcome and consequences of design. Develops and directs software system testing procedures,
programming, and documentation. Consults with customer concerning maintenance of software
system. May coordinate installation of software system.
030.162-010 COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: applications programmer; programmer, business
Converts data from project specifications and statements of
problems and procedures to create or modify computer programs: Prepares, or receives from
SYSTEMS ANALYST (profess. & kin.) 030.167-014, detailed workflow chart and diagram to
illustrate sequence of steps that program must follow and to describe input, output, and logical
operations involved. Analyzes workflow chart and diagram, applying knowledge of computer
capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic. Confers with supervisor and representatives of
departments concerned with program to resolve questions of program intent, data input, output
requirements, and inclusion of internal checks and controls. Converts detailed logical flow chart
to language processable by computer. Enters program codes into computer system. Inputs test
data into computer. Observes computer monitor screen to interpret program operating codes.
Corrects program errors, using methods such as modifying program or altering sequence of
program steps. Writes instructions to guide operating personnel during production runs.
Analyzes, reviews, and rewrites programs to increase operating efficiency or to adapt program to
new requirements. Compiles and writes documentation of program development and subsequent
revisions. May train workers to use program. May assist COMPUTER OPERATOR (clerical)
213.362-010 to resolve problems in running computer program. May work with SYSTEMS
ANALYST (profess. & kin.) to obtain and analyze project specifications and flow charts. May
direct and coordinate work of others to write, test, and modify computer programs.
030.162-014 PROGRAMMER-ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: applications programmer-analyst
Plans, develops, tests, and documents computer programs,
applying knowledge of programming techniques and computer systems: Evaluates user request
for new or modified program, such as for financial or human resource management system,
clinical research trial results, statistical study of traffic patterns, or analyzing and developing
specifications for bridge design, to determine feasibility, cost and time required, compatibility
with current system, and computer capabilities. Consults with user to identify current operating
procedures and clarify program objectives. Reads manuals, periodicals, and technical reports to
learn ways to develop programs that meet user requirements. Formulates plan outlining steps
required to develop program, using structured analysis and design. Submits plans to user for
approval. Prepares flowcharts and diagrams to illustrate sequence of steps program must follow
and to describe logical operations involved. Designs computer terminal screen displays to
accomplish goals of user request. Converts project specifications, using flowcharts and diagrams,
into sequence of detailed instructions and logical steps for coding into language processable by
computer, applying knowledge of computer programming techniques and computer languages.
Enters program codes into computer system. Enters commands into computer to run and test
program. Reads computer printouts or observes display screen to detect syntax or logic errors
during program test, or uses diagnostic software to detect errors. Replaces, deletes, or modifies
codes to correct errors. Analyzes, reviews, and alters program to increase operating efficiency or
adapt to new requirements. Writes documentation to describe program development, logic,
coding, and corrections. Writes manual for users to describe installation and operating
procedures. Assists users to solve operating problems. Recreates steps taken by user to locate
source of problem and rewrites program to correct errors. May use computer-aided software
tools, such as flowchart design and code generation, in each stage of system development. May
train users to use program. May oversee installation of hardware and software. May provide
technical assistance to program users. May install and test program at user site. May monitor
performance of program after implementation. May specialize in developing programs for
business or technical applications.
030.162-018 PROGRAMMER, ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC (profess. & kin.)
Converts scientific, engineering, and other technical problem
formulations to format processable by computer: Resolves symbolic formulations, prepares flow
charts and block diagrams, and encodes resultant equations for processing by applying extensive
knowledge of branch of science, engineering, or advanced mathematics, such as differential
equations or numerical analysis, and understanding of capabilities and limitations of computer.
Confers with other engineering and technical personnel to resolve problems of intent, inaccuracy,
or feasibility of computer processing. Enters program into computer system. Reviews results of
computer runs with interested personnel to determine necessity for modifications or reruns.
Develops new subroutines or expands program to simplify statement, programming, or coding of
future problems. May direct and coordinate activities of COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS
(profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 working as part of project team.
030.162-022 SYSTEMS PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.)
Coordinates installation of computer operating system
software and tests, maintains, and modifies software, using computer terminal: Reads loading
and running instructions for system software, such as task scheduling, memory management,
computer file system, or controlling computer input and output, and loads tape into tape drive or
transfers software to magnetic disk. Initiates test of system program and observes readout on
monitor of computer system to detect errors or work stoppage. Enters code changes into
computer system to correct errors. Analyzes performance indicators, such as system's response
time, number of transactions per second, and number of programs being processed at once, to
ensure that system is operating efficiently. Changes system software so that system performance
will meet objectives. Reviews computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling
limitations to determine if requested changes to operating system are possible. Writes description
of steps taken to modify system and procedures required to implement new software. Assists
users having problems with use of system software. May train users, COMPUTER OPERATOR
(clerical) 213.362-010, and COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 to use
system software. May prepare workflow charts and diagrams to modify system software. May
visit vendors to observe demonstration of systems software. May administer and monitor
computer program that controls user access to system. May review productivity reports and
problem records to evaluate performance of computer system.
030.167-010 CHIEF, COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: coordinator, computer programming
Plans, schedules, and directs preparation of programs to
process data and solve problems by use of computers: Consults with managerial and systems
analysis personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, suggest changes, and determine
extent of programming and coding required. Assigns, coordinates, and reviews work of
programming personnel. Develops programs from workflow charts or diagrams, considering
factors, such as computer storage capacity and speed, extent of peripheral equipment, and
intended use of output data. Converts workflow charts to language processable by computer.
Enters program codes into computer. Enters test data into computer. Analyzes test runs on
computer to correct or direct correction of coded program and input data. Revises or directs
revision of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements.
Compiles documentation of program development and subsequent revisions. Trains subordinates
in programming and program coding. Prescribes standards for terms and symbols used to
simplify interpretation of programs. Collaborates with computer manufacturers and other users to
develop new programming methods. Prepares records and reports.
030.167-014 SYSTEMS ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Analyzes user requirements, procedures, and problems to
automate processing or to improve existing computer system: Confers with personnel of
organizational units involved to analyze current operational procedures, identify problems, and
learn specific input and output requirements, such as forms of data input, how data is to be
summarized, and formats for reports. Writes detailed description of user needs, program
functions, and steps required to develop or modify computer program. Reviews computer system
capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations to determine if requested program or program
change is possible within existing system. Studies existing information processing systems to
evaluate effectiveness and develops new systems to improve production or workflow as required.
Prepares workflow charts and diagrams to specify in detail operations to be performed by
equipment and computer programs and operations to be performed by personnel in system.
Conducts studies pertaining to development of new information systems to meet current and
projected needs. Plans and prepares technical reports, memoranda, and instructional manuals as
documentation of program development. Upgrades system and corrects errors to maintain system
after implementation. May assist COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010
in resolution of work problems related to flow charts, project specifications, or programming.
May prepare time and cost estimates for completing projects. May direct and coordinate work of
others to develop, test, install, and modify programs.
031 OCCUPATIONS IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS This group includes occupations concerned with the evaluation of data communications and network hardware and software, coordinating data communications activities, and the transmission and reception of data or information sent electronically. Includes providing support to users of data communications. Occupations concerned with installing, maintaining, and repairing data communications equipment are included in Group 823.
031.132-010 SUPERVISOR, NETWORK CONTROL OPERATORS (any industry) alternate titles: data communications technician supervisor
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
monitoring or installing data communication lines and resolving user data communication
problems: Distributes work assignments and monitors daily logs of NETWORK CONTROL
OPERATORS (any industry) 031.262-014, using microcomputer. Explains data communications
diagnostic and monitoring procedures to operators, using computer terminal and following
vendor's equipment and software instructions. Explains and demonstrates installation of data
communication lines and equipment to operators, using handtools and following vendor manuals.
Enters diagnostic commands into computer and determines nature of problem to assist operators
to resolve data communication problems. Enters record of actions taken to resolve problem in
daily log, using microcomputer. Attends staff meetings to report on and resolve recurrent data
communications problems. Attends vendor seminars to learn about changes in data
communications technology. Performs other duties as described under SUPERVISOR (any
industry) Master Title.
031.262-010 DATA COMMUNICATIONS ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Researches, tests, evaluates, and recommends data
communications hardware and software: Identifies areas of operation which need upgraded
equipment, such as modems, fiber optic cables, and telephone wires. Conducts survey to
determine user needs. Reads technical manuals and brochures to determine equipment which
meets establishment requirements. Visits vendors to learn about available products or services.
Tests and evaluates hardware and software to determine efficiency, reliability, and compatibility
with existing system, using equipment such as computer terminal and modem. Analyzes test data
and recommends hardware or software for purchase. Develops and writes procedures for
installation, use, and solving problems of communications hardware and software. Monitors
system performance. Trains users in use of equipment. Assists users to identify and solve data
communication problems. May write technical specifications to send to vendors for bid. May
oversee or assist in installation of communications hardware. May perform minor equipment
repairs.
031.262-014 NETWORK CONTROL OPERATOR (any industry)
Monitors data communications network to ensure that
network is available to all system users and resolves data communications problems: Receives
telephone call from user with data communications problem, such as failure of data to be
transmitted to another location. Reviews procedures user followed to determine if specified steps
were taken. Explains user procedures necessary to transmit data. Monitors modems and display
screen of terminal to mainframe computer to detect error messages that signal malfunction in
communications software or hardware. Enters diagnostic commands into computer to determine
nature of problem, and reads codes on screen to diagnose problem. Attaches diagnostic
equipment to phone line to learn if line meets specification. Reads technical reference manuals
for communications hardware and software to learn cause of problem. Instructs user to enter
specified commands into computer to resolve problem. Calls service technician for service when
problem cannot be resolved. Enters operating commands into computer to restart program.
Records number of daily data communications transactions and number of problems and actions
taken, using computer terminal. Updates documentation to record new equipment installed, new
sites, and changes to computer configurations. May inspect communications wires and cables.
May train staff and users to use equipment. May coordinate installation of or install
communications lines.
032 OCCUPATIONS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS USER SUPPORT This group includes occupations concerned with investigating, resolving, and explaining computer-related problems to users of computer systems. Occupations concerned with support for data communications users are included in Group 031.
032.132-010 USER SUPPORT ANALYST SUPERVISOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: help desk supervisor
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers who provide
problem-solving support to computer users: Assists USER SUPPORT ANALYST (profess. &
kin.) 032.262.010 in solving nonroutine software, hardware, and procedure problems, using
computer and manuals. Talks with staff, computer users, supervisors, and managers to determine
requirements for new or modified software and hardware. Writes recommendations for
management review. Coordinates installation of hardware and software, and implementation of
procedure changes. Performs duties described under SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title.
032.262-010 USER SUPPORT ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: customer service representative; end user consultant; help desk representative; information center specialist; office automation analyst
Investigates and resolves computer software and hardware
problems of users: Receives telephone calls from users having problems using computer software
and hardware or inquiring how to use specific software, such as statistical, graphics, data base,
printing, word processing, programming languages, electronic mail, and operating systems. Talks
to user to learn procedures followed and source of error. Answers questions, applying knowledge
of computer software, hardware, and procedures. Asks user with problem to use telephone and
participate in diagnostic procedures, using diagnostic software, or by listening to and following
instructions. Determines whether problem is caused by hardware, such as modem, printer, cables,
or telephone. Talks with coworkers to research problem and find solution. Talks to programmers
to explain software errors or to recommend changes to programs. Calls software and hardware
vendors to request service regarding defective products. Reads trade magazines and attends
computer trade shows to obtain current information about computers. May test software and
hardware to evaluate ease of use and whether product will aid user in performing work. May
write software and hardware evaluation and recommendation for management review. May write
or revise user training manuals and procedures. May develop training materials, such as exercises
and visual displays. May train users on software and hardware on-site or in classroom, or
recommend outside contractors to provide training. May install microcomputers, software, and
peripheral equipment, following procedures and using handtools [MICROCOMPUTER
SUPPORT SPECIALIST (profess & kin.) 039.264-010]. May work as in-house consultant and
research alternate approaches to existing software and hardware when standardized approaches
cannot be applied. May conduct office automation feasibility studies, including work flow
analysis, space design, and cost comparison analysis. May specialize by type of software,
computer language, or computer operating system.
033 OCCUPATIONS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS TECHNICAL SUPPORT This group includes occupations concerned with providing technical support for computer systems, rather than to users of computer systems. Includes the development, installation, and maintenance of computer operating systems software.
033.162-010 COMPUTER SECURITY COORDINATOR (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: data security coordinator; information security
Plans, coordinates, and implements security measures to
safeguard information in computer files against accidental or unauthorized modification,
destruction, or disclosure: Confers with computer user department personnel and COMPUTER
PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 to plan data security for new or modified
software, discussing issues, such as employee data access needs and risk of data loss or
disclosure. Reviews plan to ensure compatibility of planned security measures with
establishment computer security system software. Modifies security data files to incorporate new
software security into establishment security software, using computer terminal, or meets with
SYSTEMS PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-022 to request needed programming
changes. Enters commands into computer in attempt to circumvent new security measures to test
system. Reviews employee violations of computer security procedures recorded by computer and
reports violations to user department managers or talks with employee to ensure that violation is
not repeated. Coordinates implementation of vendor-issued security software update. Develops
and writes computer security department policies and procedures. May assign computer access
passwords to employees [COMPUTER SECURITY SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.)
033.362-010]. May develop, coordinate implementation of, and test plan to continue
establishment data processing activities at off-site location in case of emergency, such as fire, at
main site [DATA RECOVERY PLANNER (profess. & kin.) 033.162-014].
033.162-014 DATA RECOVERY PLANNER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: disaster recovery coordinator
Develops, coordinates implementation of, and tests plan to
continue establishment data processing activities at off-site location in case of emergency, such
as fire, at main site: Establishes priority of data processing activities according to importance to
business. Determines hardware, software, data files, safe storage facilities, and other resources
required. Develops plan to meet emergency data processing needs. Identifies personnel needed to
implement plan. Presents plan to management and recommends means of obtaining required
facilities, such as contracting with off-site vendor. Coordinates implementation of plan. Tests
emergency data processing system, using computer and test data. Writes report to document test
results and updates emergency recovery procedures.
033.162-018 TECHNICAL SUPPORT SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: project development coordinator; technical operations specialist
Performs any combination of following duties to provide
technical support to workers in information processing departments: Develops work goals and
department projects. Assigns and coordinates work projects, such as converting to new hardware
or software. Designates staff assignments, establishes work priorities, and evaluates cost and
time requirements. Reviews completed projects or computer programs to ensure that goals are
met and that programs are compatible with other programs already in use. Evaluates work load
and capacity of computer system to determine feasibility of expanding or enhancing computer
operations. Makes recommendations for improvements in computer system. Reviews and tests
programs written by PROGRAMMER-ANALYST (profess. & kin.) 030.162-014 or
COMPUTER PROGRAMMER (profess. & kin.) 030.162-010 to ensure that programs meet
objectives and specifications. Consults with QUALITY ASSURANCE ANALYST (profess. &
kin.) 033.262-010 to ensure that program follows establishment standards. Modifies, tests, and
corrects existing programs. Evaluates and tests vendor-supplied software packages for mainframe
computer or microcomputers to determine compatibility with existing system, ease of use, and if
software meets user needs. Enters commands into computer to place programs in production
status. Inactivates, individually or in combination, each component of computer system, such as
central processing unit, tape drives, and mainframe coolers. Tests computer system to determine
criticality of component loss. Prioritizes importance of components and writes recommendations
for recovering losses and using backup equipment. Assists user to resolve computer-related
problems, such as inoperative hardware or software. Trains workers in use of new software or
hardware. Reads technical journals or manuals and attends vendor seminars to learn about new
computer hardware and software. Writes project reports and documentation for new or modified
software and hardware.
033.167-010 COMPUTER SYSTEMS HARDWARE ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: computer systems engineer; information processing engineer; methods analyst, data processing
Analyzes data processing requirements to plan data
processing system that will provide system capabilities required for projected work loads, and
plans layout and installation of new system or modification of existing system: Confers with data
processing and project managers to obtain information on limitations and capabilities of existing
system and capabilities required for data processing projects and projected work load. Evaluates
factors such as number of departments serviced by data processing equipment, reporting formats
required, volume of transactions, time requirements and cost constraints, and need for security
and access restrictions to determine hardware configurations. Analyzes information to determine,
recommend, and plan layout for type of computers and peripheral equipment, or modifications to
existing equipment and system, that will provide capability for proposed project or work load,
efficient operation, and effective use of allotted space. May enter data into computer terminal to
store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements. May
specify power supply requirements and configuration. May recommend purchase of equipment to
control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation. May specialize in one area
of system application or in one type or make of equipment. May train users to use new or
modified equipment. May monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in
conformance with specifications.
033.262-010 QUALITY ASSURANCE ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates and tests new or modified software programs and
software development procedures used to verify that programs function according to user
requirements and conform to establishment guidelines: Writes, revises, and verifies quality
standards and test procedures for program design and product evaluation to attain quality of
software economically and efficiently. Reviews new or modified program, including
documentation, diagram, and flow chart, to determine if program will perform according to user
request and conform to guidelines. Recommends program improvements or corrections to
programmers. Reviews computer operating log to identify program processing errors. Enters
instructions into computer to test program for validity of results, accuracy, reliability, and
conformance to establishment standards. Observes computer monitor screen during program test
to detect error codes or interruption of program and corrects errors. Identifies differences
between establishment standards and user applications and suggests modifications to conform to
standards. Sets up tests at request of user to locate and correct program operating error following
installation of program. Conducts compatibility tests with vendor-provided programs. Monitors
program performance after implementation to prevent reoccurrence of program operating
problems and ensure efficiency of operation. Writes documentation to describe program
evaluation, testing, and correction. May evaluate proposed software or software enhancement for
feasibility. May develop utility program to test, track, and verify defects in software program.
May write programs to create new procedures or modify existing procedures. May train software
program users.
033.362-010 COMPUTER SECURITY SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.)
Regulates access to computer data files, monitors data file
use, and updates computer security files: Enters commands into computer to allow access to
computer system for employee who forgot password. Reads computer security files to determine
whether denial of data access reported by employee is justified. Modifies security files to correct
error, or explains that employee authorization does not permit access. Answers employee
questions about computer security. Modifies security files to add new employees, delete former
employees, and change employee name, following notice received from computer user
departments and personnel office. Sends printouts listing employee data authorization to
computer user departments to verify or correct information in security files. Reviews data use
records and compares user names listed in records with employee authorization to ensure that all
employees who accessed data files were entitled to do so. Deletes data access of unauthorized
users, and for users who have not used data for specified time.
039 COMPUTER-RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with computers.
039.162-010 DATA BASE ADMINISTRATOR (profess. & kin.)
Coordinates physical changes to computer data bases; and
codes, tests, and implements physical data base, applying knowledge of data base management
system: Designs logical and physical data bases [DATA BASE DESIGN ANALYST (profess. &
kin.) 039.162-014] or reviews description of changes to data base design to understand how
changes to be made affect physical data base (how data is stored in terms of physical
characteristics, such as location, amount of space, and access method). Establishes physical data
base parameters. Codes data base descriptions and specifies identifiers of data base to data base
management system or directs others in coding data base descriptions. Calculates optimum
values for data base parameters, such as amount of computer memory to be used by data base,
following manuals and using calculator. Specifies user access level for each segment of one or
more data items, such as insert, replace, retrieve, or delete data. Specifies which users can access
data bases and what data can be accessed by user. Tests and corrects errors, and refines changes
to data base. Enters codes to create production data base. Selects and enters codes of utility
program to monitor data base performance, such as distribution of records and amount of
available memory. Directs programmers and analysts to make changes to data base management
system. Reviews and corrects programs. Answers user questions. Confers with coworkers to
determine impact of data base changes on other systems and staff cost for making changes to
data base. Modifies data base programs to increase processing performance, referred to as
performance tuning. Workers typically specialize in one or more types of data base management
systems. May train users.
039.162-014 DATA BASE DESIGN ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
Designs logical and physical data bases and coordinates data
base development as part of project team, applying knowledge of data base design standards and
data base management system: Reviews project request describing data base user needs.
Estimates time and cost required to accomplish project. Determines if project requires creating
series of new programs or modifying existing programs that access data stored in data bases.
Attends specification meeting with project team workers to determine scope and limitations of
project. Reviews workflow chart developed by PROGRAMMER-ANALYST (profess. & kin.)
030.162-014 to understand tasks computer will perform, such as updating records. Reviews
procedures in data base management system manuals for making changes to data base, such as
defining, creating, revising, and controlling data base. Revises company definition of data as
defined in data dictionary (information about data, including name, description, source of data
item, and key words for categorizing and searching for data item descriptions). Determines and
enters changes to data dictionary descriptions, including type, structure, and intended use of data
within system, using computer or assigns data entry work to programmer. Develops data model
describing data elements and how they are used, following procedures and using pen and
template or computer software. Creates description to enable PROGRAMMER-ANALYST
(profess. & kin.) to understand how programs should access data. Writes description of how user
accesses data, referred to as logical data base. Writes physical data base description, such as
location, space requirements, and access method, to protect company data resources against
unauthorized access and accidental destruction, according to computer industry standards and
knowledge of data base management system. May specialize in adding, deleting, and modifying
data items in data dictionary and be designated Data Dictionary Administrator (profess. and kin.).
Workers typically specialize in one or more types of data base management systems.
039.264-010 MICROCOMPUTER SUPPORT SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.)
Installs, modifies, and makes minor repairs to microcomputer
hardware and software systems and provides technical assistance and training to system users:
Inspects microcomputer equipment and reads order sheet listing user requirements to prepare
microcomputer for delivery. Installs or assists service personnel in installation of hardware and
peripheral components, such as monitors, keyboards, printers, and disk drives on user's premises,
following design or installation specifications. Loads specified software packages, such as
operating systems, word processing, or spreadsheet programs into computer. Enters commands
and observes system functions to verify correct system operation. Instructs user in use of
equipment, software, and manuals. Answers client's inquiries in person and via telephone
concerning systems operation; diagnoses system hardware, software, and operator problems; and
recommends or performs minor remedial actions to correct problems based on knowledge of
system operation. Replaces defective or inadequate software packages. Refers major hardware
problems to service personnel for correction. Attends technical conferences and seminars to keep
abreast of new software and hardware product developments.
04 OCCUPATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES This division includes occupations concerned with research to increase basic knowledge of living organisms, including humans and the practical application of biological and behavioral theories.
040 OCCUPATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES This group includes occupations concerned with the application of scientific principles to problems related to agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and environmental impact. Also includes development of improved methods in cultivation, processing, handling, and storing of products; land conservation practices; pest control; landscape planning; and related activities.
040.061-010 AGRONOMIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: crop-research scientist; crop scientist
Conducts experiments or investigations in field-crop
problems and develops new methods of growing crops to secure more efficient production,
higher yield, and improved quality: Plans and carries out breeding studies at experiment stations
or farms to develop and improve varieties of field crops, such as cotton, tobacco, or cereal with
respect to characteristics, such as yield, quality, adaptation to specific soils or climates, and
resistance to diseases and pests [PLANT BREEDER (profess. & kin.)]. Studies crop production
to discover best methods of planting, cultivation, harvesting, and effects of various climatic
conditions on crops. Develops methods for control of noxious weeds, crop diseases, and insect
pests [PLANT PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)]. May specialize in specific field crop, group
of field crops, or specific agronomic problem.
040.061-014 ANIMAL SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in selection, breeding, feeding,
management, and marketing of beef and dual-purpose cattle, horses, mules, sheep, dogs, goats,
and pet animals: Develops improved practices in feeding, housing, sanitation, and parasite and
disease control. Controls breeding practices to improve strains of animals. May specialize in
animal nutritional research and be designated Animal Nutritionist (profess. & kin.). May be
designated according to animal specialty.
040.061-018 DAIRY SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in selection, breeding, feeding, and
management of dairy cattle: Studies feed requirements of dairy animals and nutritive value of
feed materials. Carries out experiments to determine effects of different kinds of feed and
environmental conditions on quantity, quality, and nutritive value of milk produced. Develops
improved practices in care and management of dairy herds and use of improved buildings and
equipment. Studies physiology of reproduction and lactation, and carries out breeding programs
to improve dairy breeds [ANIMAL BREEDER (agriculture)]. May be designated according to
specialty as Dairy-Management Specialist (profess. & kin.); Dairy-Nutrition Specialist (profess.
& kin.).
040.061-022 DAIRY TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: dairy-manufacturing technologist; dairy-products technologist
Applies principles of bacteriology, chemistry, physics,
engineering, and economics to develop new and improved methods in production, preservation,
and utilization of milk, cheese, ice cream, and other dairy products: Conducts experiments in
such problems as preventing bacterial increase in milk during handling and processing,
improving pasteurization methods, and designing better packaging materials, dairy equipment, or
supplies. May specialize according to product, as ice cream or cheese, or according to functional
activity, as sanitation research or storage problems.
040.061-026 FIBER TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies nature, origin, use, improvement, and processing
methods of plant, animal, and synthetic fibers: Analyzes wool, mohair, cashmere, camel's hair,
alpaca, bristles, feathers, and similar animal and fowl fibers, plant fibers, such as cotton, linen,
and jute, and synthetic fibers and products made from these fibers. Applies principles of science
to improve growth and quality of fibers. Conducts experiments in blending fibers and develops
improved manufacturing methods for converting fibers into articles, such as cloth, felts, rugs,
mattresses, and brushes. Conducts tests on fibrous structures for quality control, such as tensile
strength and stability to heat, light, and chemicals. May be identified according to fibers studied.
040.061-030 FOREST ECOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in environmental factors affecting forests:
Carries out studies to determine what conditions account for prevalence of different varieties of
trees. Studies classification, life history, light and soil requirements, and resistance to disease and
insects of different species. Investigates adaptability of different species to new environmental
conditions, such as changes in soil type, climate, and altitude.
040.061-038 HORTICULTURIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts experiments and investigations to determine
methods of breeding, producing, storing, processing, and transporting of fruits, nuts, berries,
vegetables, flowers, bushes, and trees: Experiments to develop new or improved varieties having
higher yield, quality, nutritional value, resistance to disease, or adaptability to climates, soils,
uses, or processes. Determines best methods of planting, spraying, cultivating, and harvesting.
May specialize in research, breeding, production, or shipping and storage of fruits, nuts, berries,
vegetables, ornamental plants, or other horticultural products and be identified according to
specialty. May prepare articles and give lectures on horticultural specialty.
040.061-042 POULTRY SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in breeding, feeding, and management of
poultry: Examines selection and breeding practices to increase efficiency of production and
improve quality of poultry products [ANIMAL BREEDER (agriculture)]. Studies nutritional
requirements of various classes of poultry. Develops improved practices in incubation, brooding,
feeding, rearing, housing, artificial insemination, and disease and parasite prevention and control.
Studies effects of management practices and processing methods on quality of eggs and other
poultry products. May specialize in artificial insemination.
040.061-046 RANGE MANAGER (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: range-management specialist
Conducts research in range problems to provide sustained
production of forage, livestock, and wildlife: Studies range lands to determine best grazing
seasons and number and kind of livestock that can be most profitably grazed. Plans and directs
construction and maintenance of range improvements, such as fencing, corrals, reservoirs for
stock watering, and structures for soil-erosion control. Develops improved practices for range
reseeding. Studies forage plants and their growth requirements to determine varieties best suited
to particular range. Develops methods for controlling poisonous plants, and for protecting range
from fire and rodent damage. May specialize in particular area and be designated Range
Conservationist (profess. & kin.).
040.061-050 SILVICULTURIST (profess. & kin.)
Establishes and cares for forest stands: Manages tree nurseries
and thins forests to encourage natural growth of sprouts or seedlings of desired varieties.
Conducts research in such problems of forest propagation and culture as tree growth rate, effects
of thinning on forest yield, duration of seed viability, and effects of fire and animal grazing on
growth, seed production, and germination of different species. Develops techniques for
measuring and identifying trees.
040.061-054 SOIL CONSERVATIONIST (profess. & kin.)
Plans and develops coordinated practices for soil erosion
control, moisture conservation, and sound land use: Conducts surveys and investigations on rural
or urban planning, agriculture, construction, forestry, or mining on measures needed to maintain
or restore proper soil management. Plans soil management practices, such as crop rotation,
reforestation, permanent vegetation, contour plowing, or terracing as related to soil and water
conservation. Prepares soil conservation plans in cooperation with state, county, or local
government, farmers, foresters, miners, or urban planners to provide for use and treatment of
land according to needs and capability. Applies principles of two or more specialized fields of
science, such as agronomy, soil science, forestry, or agriculture to achieve objectives of
conservation. May develop or participate in environmental studies.
040.061-058 SOIL SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies soil characteristics and maps soil types, and
investigates responses of soils to known management practices to determine use capabilities of
soils and effects of alternative practices on soil productivity: Classifies soils according to
standard types. Conducts experiments on farms or experimental stations to determine best soil
types for different plants. Performs chemical analysis on micro-organism content of soil to
determine microbial reactions and chemical and mineralogical relationship to plant growth.
Investigates responses of specific soil types to tillage, fertilization, nutrient transformations, crop
rotation, environmental consequences, water, gas or heat flow, industrial waste control and other
soil management practices. Advises interested persons on rural or urban land use. May specialize
in one or more types of activities relative to soil management and productivity and be designated
Soil Fertility Expert (profess. & kin.).
040.061-062 WOOD TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to determine composition, properties,
behavior, utilization, development, treatments, and processing methods of wood and wood
products: Analyzes physical, chemical, and biological properties of wood. Studies methods of
curing wood to determine best and most economical procedure. Develops and improves methods
of seasoning, preservation, and treating wood with substances to increase resistance to wear, fire,
fungi, insects, and marine borers. Conducts tests to determine ability of wood adhesives to
withstand water, oil penetration, temperature extremes, and stability, strength, hardness and
crystallinity of wood under variety of conditions. Evaluates and improves effectiveness of
industrial equipment and production processes. Investigates processes for converting wood into
commodities, such as alcohol, veneer, plywood, wood plastics, and other uses. Determines best
type of wood for specific application, and investigates methods of turning waste wood materials
into useful products. May specialize in research, quality control, marketing and sales, materials
engineering, management or administration, manufacturing, production, or process development.
040.167-010 FORESTER (profess. & kin.)
Manages and develops forest lands and resources for
economic and recreational purposes: Plans and directs forestation and reforestation projects.
Maps forest areas, estimates standing timber and future growth, and manages timber sales. Plans
cutting programs to assure continuous production of timber or to assist timber companies achieve
production goals. Determines methods of cutting and removing timber with minimum waste and
environmental damage and suggests methods of processing wood for various uses. Directs
suppression of forest fires and conducts fire-prevention programs. Plans and directs construction
and maintenance of recreation facilities, fire towers, trails, roads, and fire breaks. Assists in
planning and implementing projects for control of floods, soil erosion, tree diseases, and insect
pests in forests [ENTOMOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) 041.061-046; PLANT PATHOLOGIST
(profess. & kin.) 041.061-086; SOIL CONSERVATIONIST (profess. & kin.) 040.061-054].
Advises landowners on forestry management techniques and conducts public educational
programs on forest care and conservation. May participate in environmental studies and prepare
environmental reports. May supervise activities of other forestry workers [SUPERVISOR (any
industry) Master Title]. May patrol forests, enforce laws, and fight forest fires. May administer
budgets. May conduct research to improve knowledge of forest management. May specialize in
one aspect of forest management. May be designated Forestry Supervisor (profess. & kin.);
Woods Manager (profess. & kin.).
040.261-010 SOIL-CONSERVATION TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Provides technical assistance to land users in planning and
applying soil and water conservation practices, utilizing basic engineering and surveying tools,
instruments, and techniques and knowledge of agricultural and related sciences, such as
agronomy, soil conservation, and hydrology: Analyzes conservation problems of land and
discusses alternative solutions to problems with land users. Advises land users in developing
plans for conservation practices, such as conservation cropping systems, woodlands
management, pasture planning, and engineering systems, based on cost estimates of different
practices, needs of land users, maintenance requirements, and life expectancy of practices.
Computes design specification for particular practices to be installed, using survey and field
information technical guides, engineering field manuals, and calculator. Submits copy of
engineering design specifications to land users for implementation by land user or contractor.
Surveys property to mark locations and measurements, using surveying instruments. Monitors
projects during and after construction to ensure projects conform to design specifications.
Periodically revisits land users to view implemented land use practices and plans.
040.361-010 LABORATORY TECHNICIAN, ARTIFICIAL BREEDING (agriculture)
Measures purity and potency of animal semen to develop
improved methods of processing and preserving for artificial insemination: Observes sample of
freshly collected semen under microscope to determine mobility of sperm cells. Measures
density, using densiometer. Adds measured amounts of extender, sodium citrate, and antibiotics
to dilute and preserve sample. Transfers to refrigeration unit. Records data for use in compiling
history of sire. Cleans and sterilizes laboratory equipment. Performs experimental tests, as
directed, for purposes such as extension of cell survival rate and development of improved
preservation processes. Cultivates, isolates, and identifies pathogenic bacteria and other
micro-organisms in semen.
040.361-014 SEED ANALYST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: farm-seed specialist
Tests seed for germination, purity, and weed content: Plants
definite number of seeds in box of pure soil and counts number of plants that grow to calculate
percentage of germination. Inspects seed with magnifying glass or microscope for chaff, bits of
wood, and weed content (any seed other than the one under consideration).
041 OCCUPATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES This group includes occupations concerned with research in the reproduction, growth and development, structure, life processes, behavior, and classification of living organisms and the application of findings to the prevention of disease in the maintenance and promotion of health in plant and animal life. Also includes investigations into economic utilization, environmental impact, or harmful aspects of specific animals and plants.
041.061-010 ANATOMIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies form and structure of animal bodies: Examines large
organs and organ systems of body by systematic observation and dissection, and examines
minute structure of organs, tissues, and cells, using microscope. Compares structure of one
species with that of another. Determines ability of animal bodies to regenerate destroyed or
damaged parts, and investigates possibility of transplanting organs and skin segments from one
living body to another. Conducts research into basic laws of biological science to determine
application to human medicine.
041.061-014 ANIMAL BREEDER (profess. & kin.)
Develops systems of breeding desirable characteristics, such
as improvement in strength, maturity rate, disease resistance, and meat quality, into economically
important animals: Determines generic composition of animal populations, and heritability of
traits, utilizing principles of genetics. Crossbreeds animals within existing strains, or crosses
strains to obtain new combinations of desirable characteristics. Selects progeny having desired
strains of both parents, and continues process until acceptable result is obtained.
041.061-018 APICULTURIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies bee culture and breeding: Conducts experiments
regarding causes and controls of bee diseases and factors affecting yields of nectar and pollen on
various plants visited by bees. Conducts research into various phases of pollination. Improves
bee strains, utilizing selective breeding by artificial insemination.
041.061-022 AQUATIC BIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: aquatic ecologist
Studies plants and animals living in water, and environmental
conditions affecting them: Investigates salinity, temperature, acidity, light, oxygen content, and
other physical conditions of water to determine their relationship to aquatic life. Examines
various types of water life, such as plankton, worms, clams, mussels, and snails. May specialize
in study of salt water aquatic life and be designated Marine Biologist (profess. & kin.); or fresh
water aquatic life and be designated Limnologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in culture,
breeding, and raising of aquatic life, such as shrimp, lobsters, clams, oysters, or fish, and
commercial fish farm operations and be designated Aquaculturist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-026 BIOCHEMIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: chemist, biological
Studies chemical processes of living organisms: Conducts
research to determine action of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues
and vital processes of living organisms. Isolates, analyzes, and identifies hormones, vitamins,
allergens, minerals, and enzymes and determines effects on body functions. Examines chemical
aspects of formation of antibodies, and conducts research into chemistry of cells and blood
corpuscles. Studies chemistry of living processes, such as mechanisms of development of normal
and abnormal cells, breathing and digestion, and of living energy changes, such as growth, aging,
and death. May specialize in particular area or field of work and be designated Chemist, Clinical
(profess. & kin.); Chemist, Enzymes (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Proteins (profess. & kin.);
Chemist, Steroids (profess. & kin.). May clean, purify, refine, and otherwise prepare
pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution and develop new drugs and medications
and be designated Chemist, Pharmaceutical (profess. & kin.).
041.061-030 BIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies basic principles of plant and animal life, such as
origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and functions: May collect and analyze biological
data to determine environmental effects of present and potential use of land and water areas,
record data, and inform public, state, and federal representatives regarding test results. May
prepare environmental impact reports. May specialize in research centering around particular
plant, animal, or aspect of biology. May teach. May specialize in wildlife research and
management and be designated Wildlife Biologist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-034 BIOPHYSICIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies physical principles of living cells and organisms, their
electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena: Conducts research to investigate
dynamics in such areas as seeing and hearing; the transmission of electrical impulses along
nerves and muscles, and damage to cells and tissues caused by x rays and nuclear particles;
manner in which characteristics of plants and animals are carried forward through successive
generations; and absorption of light by chlorophyll in photosynthesis or by pigments of eye
involved in vision. Analyzes functions of electronic and human brains, such as transfer of
information into brain from outside (learning), transfer and manipulation of information within
brain (thinking), and storage of information (memory). Studies spatial configuration of
submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x ray and electron microscope. May specialize
in one activity, such as use of radiation and nuclear particles for treating cancer or use of atomic
isotopes to discover transformation of substances in cells.
041.061-038 BOTANIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies development and life processes, physiology, heredity,
environment, distribution, anatomy, morphology, and economic value of plants for application in
such fields as agronomy, forestry, horticulture, and pharmacology: Studies behavior of
chromosomes and reproduction, internal and external structures, and examines mechanics and
biochemistry of plants and plant cells, using microscopes, staining techniques, and scientific
equipment. Investigates environment and plant communities and effect of rainfall, temperature,
climate, soil, and elevation on plant growth from seed to mature plants. Identifies and classifies
plants. May conduct environmental studies and prepare reports. May be designated according to
field of specialization as Plant Ecologist (profess. & kin.); Plant Taxonomist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-042 CYTOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies plant and animal cells: Selects and sections minute
particles of animal or plant tissue for microscopic study, using microtome and other equipment
and employs stain techniques to make cell structures visible or to differentiate parts: Studies
parts of cells and details of cell division into new cells, using microscope. Analyzes cells
concerned with reproduction, and means by which chromosomes divide or unite. Studies
formation of sperm and eggs in animal sex glands and origin of blood and tissue cells. Conducts
research in physiology of unicellular organisms, such as protozoa, to ascertain physical and
chemical factors involved in growth. Studies influence of physical and chemical factors upon
malignant and normal cells. Evaluates exfoliated, asperated, or abraded cells to assess hormonal
status and presence of atypical or malignant changes. May be designated according to specialty
as Animal Cytologist (profess. & kin.); Plant Cytologist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-046 ENTOMOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies insects and their relation to plant and animal life:
Identifies and classifies species of insects and allied forms, such as mites and spiders. Aids in
control and elimination of agricultural, structural, and forest pests by developing new and
improved pesticides and cultural and biological methods, including use of natural enemies of
pests. Studies insect distribution and habitat and recommends methods to prevent importation
and spread of injurious species.
041.061-050 GENETICIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies inheritance and variation of characteristics in forms of
life: Performs experiments to determine laws, mechanisms, and environmental factors in origin,
transmission, and development of inherited traits. Analyzes determinants responsible for specific
inherited traits, such as color differences, size, and disease resistance to improve or to understand
relationship of heredity to maturity, fertility, or other factors. Devises methods for altering or
producing new traits, making use of chemicals, heat, light, or other means. May specialize in
particular branch of genetics, such as molecular genetics or population genetics. May perform
human genetic counseling or medical genetics.
041.061-054 HISTOPATHOLOGIST (medical ser.) alternate titles: histologist
Studies human or animal tissue to provide data to delineate
cause and progress of disease that impairs body function: Trains and oversees laboratory
personnel in preparing tissue sections or prepares tissue sections from surgical and diagnostic
cases and autopsies. Examines tissue under microscope to detect characteristics of cell structure
indicative of disease and writes diagnostic reports. Devises and directs use of special stains and
methods for isolating, identifying, and studying function, morphology, and pathology of obscure
or difficult-to-identify cells, tissues, and connecting fibers. May conduct autopsies to select tissue
specimens for study. May engage in research to develop techniques for diagnosing and
identifying pathological conditions. May study anatomy of body tissues, formation of organs,
and related problems to obtain data on body functions.
041.061-058 MICROBIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: bacteriologist
Studies growth, structure, development, and general
characteristics of bacteria and other micro-organisms: Isolates and makes cultures of significant
bacteria or other micro-organisms in prescribed or standard inhibitory media, controlling factors,
such as moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition. Identifies micro-organisms by microscopic
examination of physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics. Observes action of
micro-organisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other micro-organisms and on
dead organic matter. Makes chemical analyses of substances, such as acids, alcohols, and
enzymes, produced by bacteria and other micro-organisms on organic matter. May specialize in
study of viruses and rickettsiae and be designated Virologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in
particular material or product field and be designated Bacteriologist, Dairy (profess. & kin.);
Bacteriologist, Fishery (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist, Food (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist,
Industrial (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist, Medical (profess. & kin.); Bacteriologist,
Pharmaceutical (profess. & kin.); or Bacteriologist, Soil (profess. & kin.).
041.061-062 MYCOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies mechanism of life processes of edible, poisonous, and
parasitic fungi to discover those that are useful to medicine, agriculture, and industry: Studies
structure, affinities, classification, genetics, physiology, and growth of fungi. Applies findings to
agriculture, medicine, and industry for development of drugs, medicines, molds, and yeasts. May
specialize in research and development in such fields as antibiotics or fabric deterioration. May
develop improved methods of propagating and growing edible fungi, as mushrooms and be
designated Mushroom-Spawn Maker (profess. & kin.).
041.061-066 NEMATOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies nematodes (roundworms) that are plant parasitic,
transmit diseases, attack insects, or attack soil, fresh water, or marine nematodes: Identifies and
classifies nematodes and studies structure, behavior, biology, ecology, physiology, nutrition,
culture, and distribution. Studies reactions of plants to parasitic nematodes and associations with
other plant disease agents. Develops methods and apparatus for securing representative soil
samples containing nematodes, and for isolating, mounting, counting, and identifying specimens.
Investigates and develops pest management and control measures, such as chemical, hot water
and steam treatments, soil fumigation, biological crop rotations, and cultural practices. See
PARASITOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) for scientists who specialize in study of nematodes that
are parasitic in man or animals.
041.061-070 PARASITOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies characteristics, habits, and life cycles of animal
parasites, such as protozoans, tapeworms, roundworms, flukes, and other parasitic organisms, to
determine manner in which they attack human beings and animals and effects produced:
Investigates modes of transmission from host to host. Develops methods and agents to combat
parasites. May specialize in study of one variety of parasite, such as animal parasites that attack
man, and be designated Medical Parasitologist (profess. & kin.); of parasitic worms and be
designated Helminthologist (profess. & kin.); of one celled free living and parasitic organisms
and be designated Protozoologist (profess. & kin.).
041.061-074 PHARMACOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies effects of drugs, gases, dusts, and other materials on
tissue and physiological processes of animals and human beings: Experiments with animals, such
as rats, guinea pigs, and mice, to determine reactions of drugs and other substances on
functioning of organs and tissues, noting effects on circulation, respiration, digestion, or other
vital processes. Standardizes drug dosages or methods of immunizing against industrial diseases
by correlating results of animal experiments with results obtained from clinical experimentation
on human beings. Investigates preventative methods and remedies for diseases, such as silicosis
and lead, mercury, and ammonia poisoning. Analyzes food preservatives and colorings, vermin
poisons, and other materials to determine toxic or nontoxic properties. Standardizes procedures
for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds.
041.061-078 PHYSIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research on cellular structure and organ-system
functions of plants and animals: Studies growth, respiration, circulation, excretion, movement,
reproduction, and other functions of plants and animals under normal and abnormal conditions.
Performs experiments to determine effects of internal and external environmental factors on life
processes and functions, using microscope, x-ray equipment, spectroscope, and other equipment.
Studies glands and their relationship to bodily functions. May specialize in physiology of
particular body area, function, or system. May specialize in physiology of animals and be
designated Animal Physiologist (profess. & kin.); of plants and be designated Plant Physiologist
(profess. & kin.); of human organisms and be designated Medical Physiologist (medical ser.).
041.061-082 PLANT BREEDER (profess. & kin.)
Plans and carries out breeding studies to develop and improve
varieties of crops: Improves specific characteristics, such as yield, size, quality, maturity, and
resistance to frost, drought, disease and insect pests in plants, utilizing principles of genetics and
knowledge of plant growth. Develops variety and selects most desirable plants for crossing.
Breeds plants, using methods such as inbreeding, crossbreeding, backcrossing, outcrossing,
mutating, or interspecific hybridization and selection. Selects progeny having desired
characteristics and continues breeding and selection process to reach desired objectives.
041.061-086 PLANT PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research in nature, cause, and control of plant
diseases and decay of plant products: Studies and compares healthy and diseased plants to
determine symptoms of diseased condition. Inoculates healthy plants with culture of suspected
agents taken from diseased plants and studies effects to determine agents responsible for disease.
Isolates disease-causing agent, studies habits and life cycle, and devises methods of destroying or
controlling agent [MICROBIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)]. Tests possible control measures under
laboratory and field conditions for comparative effectiveness, practicality, and economy.
Investigates comparative susceptibility of different varieties of plants and develops varieties
immune to disease [PLANT BREEDER (profess. & kin.)]. Studies rates of spread and intensity
of disease under different conditions of soil, climate, and geography, and predicts outbreaks of
plant diseases. Determines kinds of plants and insects that harbor or transmit disease. Studies
losses from deterioration of perishable plant products in transit or storage and develops practices
to prevent or reduce losses. Determines presence of disease producing agents in seed stocks to
reduce losses from seed borne diseases. May specialize in type of plant affected, such as cereal
crops, fruit, or forest trees, or by type of disease, such as bacterial, virus, fungus, mycoplasma, or
nematode. May inspect flower and vegetable seeds and flowering bulbs for diseases, infections,
and insect injuries.
041.061-090 ZOOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies origin, interrelationships, classification, life histories,
habits, life processes, diseases, relation to environment, growth and development, genetics, and
distribution of animals: Studies animals in natural habitat and collects specimens for laboratory
study. Dissects and examines specimens under microscope and uses chemicals and various types
of scientific equipment to carry out experimental studies. Prepares collections of preserved
specimens or microscopic slides for such purposes as identification of species, study of species
development, and study of animal diseases. May raise specimens for experimental purposes. May
specialize in one aspect of animal study, such as functioning of animal as an organism, or
development of organism from egg to embryo stage. May specialize in study of reptiles, frogs,
and salamanders and be designated Herpetologist (profess. & kin.); of fish and fishlike forms and
be designated Ichthyologist (profess. & kin.); of sponges, jellyfish, and protozoa and be
designated Invertebrate Zoologist (profess. & kin.); of birds and be designated Ornithologist
(profess. & kin.); of mammals and be designated Mammalogist (profess. & kin.). May study
animals for purposes of identification and classification and be designated Animal Taxonomist
(profess. & kin.); or study effects of environment on animals and be designated Animal Ecologist
(profess. & kin.).
041.061-094 STAFF TOXICOLOGIST (government ser.)
Studies effects of toxic substances on physiological functions
of human beings, animals, and plants to develop data for use in consumer protection and
industrial safety programs: Designs and conducts studies to determine physiological effects of
various substances on laboratory animals, plants, and human tissue, using biological and
biochemical techniques. Interprets results of studies in terms of toxicological properties of
substances and hazards associated with misuse of products containing substances. Provides
information concerning toxicological properties of products and materials to regulatory agency
personnel and industrial firms. Reviews toxicological data submitted by others for adequacy, and
suggests amendment or expansion of data to clarify or correct information. Confers with
governmental and industrial personnel to provide advice on precautionary labeling for hazardous
materials and products and on nature and degree of hazard in cases of accidental exposure or
ingestion. Prepares and maintains records of studies for use as toxicological resource material.
Testifies as expert witness on toxicology in hearings and court proceedings.
041.067-010 MEDICAL COORDINATOR, PESTICIDE USE (government ser.)
Studies human health-and-safety aspects of pesticides and
other agricultural chemicals: Studies long-term health implications of low-dose pesticide
exposure and determines safe worker reentry intervals. Reviews and provides recommendations
on medical regulations governing use of pesticides. Reviews information and recommendations
pertaining to safe levels of pesticide residues on agricultural products. Recommends
specifications for safe working conditions for workers exposed to pesticides or their residues, and
makes recommendations on public safety aspects of pesticide exposure. Confers with health
department personnel to develop programs to improve ability of physicians and other medical
personnel to diagnose, treat, and report pesticide-related illnesses. Confers with government
agency representatives, physicians, university staff members, and other research workers to
develop health and safety standards related to pesticide exposure. Advises industry
representatives on organization of adequate medical supervision programs for employers.
Prepares reports on research studies. Addresses interested groups as requested.
041.081-010 FOOD TECHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: food scientist
Applies scientific and engineering principles in research,
development, production technology, quality control, packaging, processing, and utilization of
foods: Conducts basic research, and new product research and development of foods. Develops
new and improved methods and systems for food processing, production, quality control,
packaging, and distribution. Studies methods to improve quality of foods, such as flavor, color,
texture, nutritional value, convenience, or physical, chemical, and microbiological composition
of foods. Develops food standards, safety and sanitary regulations, and waste management and
water supply specifications. Tests new products in test kitchen and develops specific processing
methods in laboratory pilot plant, and confers with process engineers, flavor experts, and
packaging and marketing specialists to resolve problems. May specialize in one phase of food
technology, such as product development, quality control, or production inspection, technical
writing, teaching, or consulting. May specialize in particular branch of food technology, such as
cereal grains, meat and poultry, fats and oils, seafood, animal foods, beverages, dairy products,
flavors, sugars and starches, stabilizers, preservatives, colors, and nutritional additives, and be
identified according to branch of food technology.
041.167-010 ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGIST (government ser.)
Plans, directs, and conducts studies concerned with incidence
of disease in industrial settings and effects of industrial chemicals on health: Confers with
industry representatives to select occupational groups for study and to arrange for collection of
data concerning work history of individuals and disease concentration and mortality rates among
groups. Plans methods of conducting epidemiological studies and provides detailed
specifications for collecting data to personnel participating in studies. Develops codes to
facilitate computer input of demographic and epidemiological data for use by data processing
personnel engaged in programming epidemiological statistics. Compares statistics on causes of
death among members of selected working populations with those among general population,
using life-table analyses. Analyzes data collected to determine probable effects of work settings
and activities on disease and mortality rates, using valid statistical techniques and knowledge of
epidemiology. Presents data in designated statistical format to illustrate common patterns among
workers in selected occupations. Initiates and maintains contacts with statistical and data
processing managers in other agencies to maintain access to epidemiological source materials.
Evaluates materials from all sources for addition to or amendment of epidemiological data bank.
Plans and directs activities of clerical and statistical personnel engaged in tabulation and analysis
of epidemiological information to ensure accomplishment of objectives.
041.261-010 PUBLIC-HEALTH MICROBIOLOGIST (government ser.)
Conducts experiments to detect presence of harmful or
pathogenic bacteria in water, food supply, or general environment of community and to control
or eliminate sources of possible pollution or contagion: Makes periodic laboratory counts of
bacteria in water supply. Analyzes samples of sewage for harmful micro-organisms and for rate
of sludge purification by aerobic bacteria. Examines milk, shellfish, and other food items for
micro-organisms constituting menace to public health. Cooperates with hospitals and clinical
laboratories in identifying micro-organisms taken from diseased persons to determine presence
of bacteria causing contagious or epidemic diseases. May inoculate members of community
against contagious diseases.
041.381-010 BIOLOGY SPECIMEN TECHNICIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares and embeds in plastic, biological specimens of plant
and animal life for use as instructional aids: Selects plant or animal specimen in preserved or
dried state. Dissects animal and cleans all matter from skeletal structures. Prepares slices or cross
sections of small animals, embryos, or cross sections of animal organs, such as glands, kidneys,
hearts, or eyes. Selects, trims, and stains a variety of stalks, flowers, and leaves to show plant
structure and systems. Selects different stains to clearly indicate support structure, circulatory
system, or other feature of plant or animal. Assembles and positions components of specimen in
mold, using pins and holding devices. Mixes polylite plastic or other material and completes
embedding by varied molding techniques. Works with plants, animals, mollusks, insects, and
other classes of plants and animals. Identifies type and age of specimen, date of preparation, and
type of embedding material used. May operate incubator to grow chicken eggs for embryo
specimens. May prepare ecological kits which demonstrate polluting conditions in water, soil, or
air.
041.384-010 HERBARIUM WORKER (profess. & kin.)
Fumigates, presses, and mounts plant specimens, and
maintains collection records of herbarium maintained by botanical garden, museum, or other
institution: Records identification information concerning incoming plants. Places specimens in
fumigation cabinet and turns valves to release toxic fumes that destroy insects, fungus, or
parasites adhering to specimens. Arranges specimens between sheets of unsized paper so that
upper and under portions of leaves, blossoms, and other components are visible, and pads paper
with layers of felt and newsprint to protect specimens and form stacks. Places specified number
of stacks in pressing frame and writes identification information on top layer of paper on each
stack. Secures frame around stacks by tightening frame section with screws, fastening with
leather straps, or tying with twine, to compress stacks and press and dry specimens in desired
configuration. Mounts dried specimens on heavy paper, using glue, adhesive strips, or needle and
thread, taking care to prevent distortion or breakage of specimens. Writes identification
information on papers and inserts mounted specimens in labeled envelopes or folders. Files
folders in drawers or cabinets according to standard botanical classification system. Maintains
card files of specimens in herbarium collection and records of acquisitions, loans, exchanges, or
sales of specimens.
045 OCCUPATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with the collection, interpretation, and application of scientific data relating to human behavior and mental processes. Activities are in either applied fields of psychology or in basic science fields and research.
045.061-010 PSYCHOLOGIST, DEVELOPMENTAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates problems concerning growth and development of
emotional, mental, physical, and social aspects of individuals, to increase understanding of
origins of behavior and processes of human growth and decline: Formulates hypothesis or
research problem and selects or develops method of investigation to test hypothesis. Studies
behavior of children to analyze processes of learning, development of language in children, and
parents' influence on children's behavior. Administers intelligence and performance tests to
establish and measure patterns of intellectual and psychological growth, development, and
decline in children and adults. Observes and records behavior of infants to establish patterns of
social, motor, and sensory development. Analyzes growth of social values and attitudes, using
information obtained from observation, questionnaires, and interviews. Formulates theories
based on research findings for application in such fields as juvenile delinquency, education and
guidance of children, parent education, and welfare of aged. Experiments with animals
[PSYCHOLOGIST, EXPERIMENTAL (profess. & kin.)], to make comparative studies across
species lines to contribute to understanding of human behavior. May specialize in study and
treatment of children and be designated Child Psychologist (profess. & kin.).
045.061-014 PSYCHOLOGIST, ENGINEERING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: human factors specialist
Conducts research, development, application, and evaluation
of psychological principles relating human behavior to characteristics, design, and use of
environments and systems within which human beings work and live: Collaborates with
equipment designers in design, development, and utilization of man-machine systems to obtain
optimum efficiency in terms of human capabilities. Advises on human factors to be considered in
design of man-machine systems, military equipment, and industrial products. Participates in
solving such problems as determining numbers and kinds of workers required to operate
machines, allocation of functions to machines and operators, and layout and arrangement of work
sites. Analyzes jobs to establish requirements for use in classification, selection, placement, and
training of personnel [JOB ANALYST (profess. & kin.)]. Develops training methods and
materials, such as curriculums, lectures, and films, and prepares handbooks of human
engineering data for use by equipment and system designers. May conduct research to develop
psychological theories concerning such subjects as effects of physical factors (temperature,
humidity, vibration, noise, and illumination) on worker's behavior; functional design of dials,
scales, meters, and other instruments to minimize sensory requirements; specifications for
optimal size, shape, direction and speed of motion, and location of equipment controls; and
effects of environmental, organismic, and task or job variables on work behavior and life quality.
045.061-018 PSYCHOLOGIST, EXPERIMENTAL (profess. & kin.)
Plans, designs, conducts, and analyzes results of experiments
to study problems in psychology: Formulates hypotheses and experimental designs to investigate
problems of perception, memory, learning, personality, and cognitive processes. Designs and
constructs equipment and apparatus for laboratory study. Selects, controls, and modifies
variables in laboratory experiments with humans or animals, and observes and records behavior
in relation to variables. Analyzes test results, using statistical techniques, and evaluates
significance of data in relation to original hypothesis. Collaborates with other scientists in such
fields as physiology, biology, and sociology in conducting interdisciplinary studies of behavior
and formulating theories of behavior. Writes papers describing experiments and interpreting test
results for publication or for presentation at scientific meetings. May specialize in aesthetics,
memory, learning, autonomic functions, electroencephalography, feeling and emotion,
motivation, motor skills, perception, or higher order cognitive processes. May conduct
experiments to study relationship of behavior to various bodily mechanisms and be designated
Psychologist, Physiological (profess. & kin.). May specialize in study of animal behavior to
develop theories of animal and human behavior and be designated Psychologist, Comparative
(profess. & kin.).
045.067-010 PSYCHOLOGIST, EDUCATIONAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates processes of learning and teaching and develops
psychological principles and techniques applicable to educational problems to foster intellectual,
social, and emotional development of individuals: Conducts experiments to study importance of
motivation in learning, implications of transfer of training in teaching, and nature and causes of
individual differences in mental abilities to promote differentiated educational procedures to
meet individual needs of students. Analyzes characteristics and adjustment needs of superior and
inferior students and recommends educational program to promote maximum adjustment.
Formulates achievement, diagnostic, and predictive tests to aid teachers in planning methods and
content of instruction. Administers standardized tests to diagnose disabilities and difficulties
among students and to develop special methods of remedial instruction. Investigates traits and
attitudes of teachers to study conditions that contribute to or detract from optimal mental health
of teachers. Studies effects of teachers' feelings and attitudes upon pupils, and characteristics of
successful teachers to aid school administrators in selection and adjustment of teachers.
Collaborates with education specialists in developing curriculum content and methods of
organizing and conducting classroom work. May specialize in educational measurement, school
adjustment, school learning, or special education.
045.067-014 PSYCHOLOGIST, SOCIAL (profess. & kin.)
Investigates psychological aspects of human
interrelationships to gain understanding of individual and group thought, feeling, and behavior,
utilizing behavioral observation, experimentation, or survey techniques: Evaluates individual and
group behavior, developing such techniques as rating scales and sampling methods to collect and
measure data. Conducts surveys and polls to measure and analyze attitudes and opinions as basis
for predicting economic, political, and other behavior, using interviews, questionnaires, and other
techniques, and adhering to principles of statistical sampling in selecting people. Observes and
analyzes relations of individuals to religious, racial, political, occupational, and other groups to
evaluate behavior of individuals toward one another in groups, attitudes that exist in groups, and
influence of group on individual. Investigates social behavior of individuals to study such
problems as origin and nature of prejudice and stereotyping, transmission of values and attitudes
in child rearing, and contribution of factors in social environment to individual mental health and
illness. Conducts experimental studies on motivation, morale, and leadership, and prepares
reports on findings.
045.067-018 PSYCHOMETRIST (profess. & kin.)
Administers, scores, and interprets intelligence, aptitude,
achievement, and other psychological tests to provide test information to teachers, counselors,
students, or other specified entitled party: Gives paper and pencil tests or utilizes testing
equipment, such as picture tests and dexterity boards, under standard conditions. Times tests and
records results. Interprets test results in light of standard norms, and limitations of test in terms of
validity and reliability.
045.107-010 COUNSELOR (profess. & kin.)
Counsels individuals and provides group educational and
vocational guidance services: Collects, organizes, and analyzes information about individuals
through records, tests, interviews, and professional sources, to appraise their interests, aptitudes,
abilities, and personality characteristics, for vocational and educational planning. Compiles and
studies occupational, educational, and economic information to aid counselees in making and
carrying out vocational and educational objectives. Refers students to placement service. Assists
individuals to understand and overcome social and emotional problems. May engage in research
and follow-up activities to evaluate counseling techniques. May teach classes. May be designated
according to area of activity as Academic Counselor (education); Career Placement Services
Counselor (education); Employment Counselor (government ser.); Guidance Counselor
(education); Vocational Adviser (education).
045.107-014 COUNSELOR, NURSES' ASSOCIATION (medical ser.)
Offers vocational, educational, and professional counseling to
registered professional nurses, licensed practical nurses, and prospective professional and
practical nurse students: Compiles credentials and prepares biographies of counselees. Provides
information relative to qualifications required, opportunities for placement and advancement,
wages, hours, and other data pertaining to selected field of work to assist nurses in determining
educational and vocational objectives. Refers qualified nurses to employers for placement.
Assists in establishing personnel policies relative to placement. Aids applicants in obtaining
vocational, health, or other assistance from community agencies. May assist in recruitment.
045.107-018 DIRECTOR OF COUNSELING (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: counseling-center manager; director, counseling bureau; director, vocational counseling; head counselor
Directs personnel engaged in providing educational and
vocational guidance for students and graduates: Assigns and evaluates work of personnel.
Conducts in-service training program for professional staff. Coordinates counseling bureau with
school and community services. Analyzes counseling and guidance procedures and techniques to
improve quality of service. Counsels individuals and groups relative to personal and social
problems, and educational and vocational objectives. Addresses community groups and faculty
members to interpret counseling service. Supervises maintenance of occupational library for use
by counseling personnel. Directs activities of testing and occupational service center. May
supervise auxiliary services, such as student learning center. May supervise in-service training
programs in counseling, testing, or occupational information for graduate students. May teach
graduate courses in psychology, guidance, and related subjects. May participate in appraising
qualifications of candidates for faculty positions and eligibility of students for admission to
medical, nursing, and engineering schools.
045.107-022 CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: psychologist, clinical
Diagnoses or evaluates mental and emotional disorders of
individuals, and administers programs of treatment: Interviews patients in clinics, hospitals,
prisons, and other institutions, and studies medical and social case histories. Observes patients in
play or other situations, and selects, administers, and interprets intelligence, achievement,
interest, personality, and other psychological tests to diagnose disorders and formulate plans of
treatment. Treats psychological disorders to effect improved adjustments utilizing various
psychological techniques, such as milieu therapy, psychodrama, play therapy and hypnosis.
Selects approach to use in individual therapy, such as directive, nondirective, and supportive
therapy, and plans frequency, intensity, and duration of therapy. May collaborate with
PSYCHIATRIST (medical ser.) 070.107-014, and other specialists in developing treatment
programs for patients. May instruct and direct students serving psychological internships in
hospitals and clinics. May develop experimental designs and conduct research in fields of
personality development and adjustment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental
disorders. May serve as consultant to industrial, social, educational, welfare, and other agencies
on individual cases or in evaluation, planning, and development of mental health programs. May
specialize in behavior problems and therapy, crime and delinquency, group therapy, individual
diagnosis and therapy, mental deficiency, objective tests, projective techniques, or speech
pathology.
045.107-026 PSYCHOLOGIST, COUNSELING (profess. & kin.)
Provides individual and group counseling services in
universities and colleges, schools, clinics, rehabilitation centers, Veterans Administration
hospitals, and industry, to assist individuals in achieving more effective personal, social,
educational, and vocational development and adjustment: Collects data about individual through
use of interview, case history, and observational techniques. Selects and interprets psychological
tests designed to assess individual's intelligence, aptitudes, abilities, and interests, applying
knowledge of statistical analysis. Evaluates data to identify causes of problem of individuals and
to determine advisability of counseling or referral to other specialists or institutions. Conducts
counseling or therapeutic interviews to assist individual to gain insight into personal problems,
define goals, and plan action reflecting interests, abilities, and needs. Provides occupational,
educational, and other information to enable individual to formulate realistic educational and
vocational plans. Follows up results of counseling to determine reliability and validity of
treatment used. May engage in research to develop and improve diagnostic and counseling
techniques. May administer and score psychological tests.
045.107-030 PSYCHOLOGIST, INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL (profess. & kin.)
Develops and applies psychological techniques to personnel
administration, management, and marketing problems: Observes details of work and interviews
workers and supervisors to establish physical, mental, educational, and other job requirements.
Develops interview techniques, rating scales, and psychological tests to assess skills, abilities,
aptitudes, and interests as aids in selection, placement, and promotion. Organizes training
programs, applying principles of learning and individual differences, and evaluates and measures
effectiveness of training methods by statistical analysis of production rate, reduction of accidents,
absenteeism, and turnover. Counsels workers to improve job and personal adjustments. Conducts
research studies of organizational structure, communication systems, group interactions, and
motivational systems, and recommends changes to improve efficiency and effectiveness of
individuals, organizational units, and organization. Investigates problems related to physical
environment of work, such as illumination, noise, temperature, and ventilation, and recommends
changes to increase efficiency and decrease accident rate. Conducts surveys and research studies
to ascertain nature of effective supervision and leadership and to analyze factors affecting morale
and motivation. Studies consumer reaction to new products and package designs, using surveys
and tests, and measures effectiveness of advertising media to aid in sale of goods and services.
May advise management on personnel policies and labor-management relations. May adapt
machinery, equipment, workspace, and environment to human use. May specialize in
development and application of such techniques as job analysis and classification, personnel
interviewing, ratings, and vocational tests for use in selection, placement, promotion, and
training of workers and be designated Psychologist, Personnel (profess. & kin.). May apply
psychological principles and techniques to selection, training, classification, and assignment of
military personnel and be designated Psychologist, Military Personnel (profess. & kin.). May
conduct surveys and tests to study consumer reaction to new products and package design and to
measure effectiveness of advertising media to aid manufacturers in sale of goods and services
and be designated Market-Research Analyst (profess. & kin.) II.
045.107-034 PSYCHOLOGIST, SCHOOL (profess. & kin.)
Evaluates needs of average, gifted, handicapped, and
disturbed children within educational system or school, and plans and carries out programs to
enable children to attain maximum achievement and adjustment: Conducts diagnostic studies to
identify child's needs, limitations, and potentials, observing child in classroom and at play,
studying school records, consulting with parents and school personnel, and administering and
interpreting diagnostic findings. Plans special placement or other treatment programs. Counsels
pupils individually and in groups, using psychodrama, play therapy, personal interviews, and
other psychological methods to assist pupils to achieve personal, social, and emotional
adjustment. Carries out research to aid in introduction of programs in schools to meet current
psychological, educational, and sociological needs of children. Advises teachers and other school
personnel on methods to enhance school and classroom atmosphere to provide motivating
educational environment. Refers individuals to community agencies to secure medical,
vocational, or social services for child or family. Participates in planning of remedial classes and
testing programs designed to meet needs of students. Serves as consultant to school board,
superintendent, administrative committees, and parent-teacher groups in matters involving
psychological services within educational system or school.
045.107-038 RESIDENCE COUNSELOR (education) alternate titles: counselor, dormitory; dormitory supervisor; head resident, dormitory
Provides individual and group guidance services relative to
problems of scholastic, educational, and personal-social nature to dormitory students: Suggests
remedial or corrective actions and assists students in making better adjustments and in planning
intelligent life goals. Plans and directs program to orient new students and assists in their
integration into campus life. Initiates and conducts group conferences to plan and discuss
programs and policies related to assignment of quarters, social and recreational activities, and
dormitory living. Supervises dormitory activities. Investigates reports of misconduct and
attempts to resolve or eliminate causes of conflict. May interview all dormitory students to
determine need for counseling.
045.107-042 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION COUNSELOR (government ser.) alternate titles: counselor, vocational rehabilitation
Counsels handicapped individuals to provide vocational
rehabilitation services: Interviews and evaluates handicapped applicants, and confers with
medical and professional personnel to determine type and degree of handicap, eligibility for
service, and feasibility of vocational rehabilitation. Accepts or recommends acceptance of
suitable candidates. Determines suitable job or business consistent with applicant's desires,
aptitudes, and physical, mental, and emotional limitations. Plans and arranges for applicant to
study or train for job. Assists applicant with personal adjustment throughout rehabilitation
program. Aids applicant in obtaining medical and social services during training. Promotes and
develops job openings and places qualified applicant in employment. May specialize in type of
disability, such as mental illness, alcohol abuse, hearing and visual impairment, or readjustment
after prison release.
045.107-046 PSYCHOLOGIST, CHIEF (profess. & kin.)
Plans psychological service programs and directs,
coordinates, and participates in activities of personnel engaged in providing psychological
services to clients in psychiatric center or hospital: Reviews reports, case management reviews,
and psychiatric center's or hospital's procedural manual to assess need for psychological services.
Plans psychological treatment programs that meet standards of accreditation. Plans utilization of
available staff, assigns staff to treatment units, and recruits professional and nonprofessional
psychological staff. Develops, directs, and participates in training programs. Directs testing and
evaluation of new admissions and re-evaluation of present clients. Participates in staff
conferences to evaluate and plan treatment programs. Interviews clients that present difficult and
complex diagnostic problems and assesses their psychological status. Reviews management of
cases, assignments, case problems, issues, and methods of treatment. Works with community
agencies to develop effective corrective programs and to arrange to provide psychological
services. Plans and supervises psychological research. Collaborates with psychiatrists and other
professional staff to help develop comprehensive program of therapy, evaluation, and treatment.
045.107-050 CLINICAL THERAPIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: clinical counselor
Counsels individuals or groups regarding psychological or
emotional problems, such as stress, substance abuse, or family situations, using evaluative
techniques, and develops and implements therapeutic treatment plan in medical setting:
Interviews patient to obtain information concerning medical history or other pertinent
information. Observes client to detect indications of abnormal physical or mental behavior.
Selects and administers various tests, such as psychological tests, personality inventories, and
intelligence quotient tests, to identify behavioral or personality traits and intelligence levels, and
records results. Reviews results of tests to evaluate client needs. Plans and administers
therapeutic treatment, such as behavior modification and stress management therapy, using
biofeedback equipment, to assist patient in controlling disorders and other problems. Changes
method and degree of therapy when indicated by client reactions. Discusses progress toward
goals with client, such as controlling weight, stress, or substance abuse. Consults with medical
doctor or other specialists concerning treatment plan and amends plan as directed. Conducts
relaxation exercises, peer counseling groups, and family counseling during clinical therapy
sessions. Refers client to supportive services to supplement treatment and counseling. May
conduct research in treatment and test validation. May develop evaluative studies of therapy and
therapy outcome.
045.107-054 COUNSELOR, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY (profess. & kin.)
Provides individual, marital, and family counseling services
to adults and children, to assist clients to identify personal and interactive problems, and to
achieve effective personal, marital, and family development and adjustment: Collects
information about clients (individuals, married couples, or families), using interview, case
history, and observation techniques, $T3funnel approach$T1, and appraisal and assessment
methods. Analyzes information collected to determine advisability of counseling or referral to
other specialists or institutions. Reviews notes and information collected to identify problems
and concerns. Consults reference material, such as textbooks, manuals, and journals, to identify
symptoms, make diagnoses, and develop therapeutic or treatment plan. Counsels clients, using
counseling methods and procedures, such as psychotherapy and hypnosis, to assist clients in
gaining insight into personal and interactive problems, to define goals, and to plan action
reflecting interests, abilities, and needs. Evaluates results of counseling methods to determine
reliability and validity of treatment used. Interacts with other professionals to discuss therapy or
treatment, new resources or techniques, and to share information.
045.107-058 SUBSTANCE ABUSE COUNSELOR (profess. & kin.)
Counsels and aids individuals and families requiring
assistance dealing with substance abuse problems, such as alcohol or drug abuse: Interviews
clients, reviews records, and confers with other professionals to evaluate condition of client.
Formulates program for treatment and rehabilitation of client, using knowledge of drug and
alcohol abuse problems and counseling and treatment techniques. Counsels clients individually
and in group sessions to assist client in overcoming alcohol and drug dependency. Counsels
family members to assist family in dealing with and providing support for client. Refers client to
other support services as needed, such as medical evaluation and treatment, social services, and
employment services. Monitors condition of client to evaluate success of therapy, and adapts
treatment as needed. Prepares and maintains reports and case histories. May formulate and
conduct programs to promote prevention of alcohol and drug abuse. May prepare documents for
presentation in court and accompany client to court as needed.
045.117-010 DIRECTOR OF GUIDANCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS (education) alternate titles: supervisor, counseling and guidance; supervisor of guidance and testing; supervisor of research
Organizes, administers, and coordinates guidance program in
public school system: Formulates guidance policies and procedures. Plans and conducts
in-service training program for guidance workers and selected teachers. Plans and supervises
testing program in school system and devises and directs use of records, reports, and other
material essential to program. Supervises school placement service. Establishes and supervises
maintenance of occupational libraries in schools. Coordinates guidance activities with
community agencies and other areas of school system. Conducts or supervises research studies to
evaluate effectiveness of guidance program. May counsel students on referral basis relative to
educational and vocational objectives and personal and social problems.
049 OCCUPATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with the application of theoretical or practical aspects of life science.
049.127-010 PARK NATURALIST (government ser.)
Plans, develops, and conducts programs to inform public of
historical, natural, and scientific features of national, state, or local park: Confers with park staff
to determine subjects to be presented and program schedule. Surveys park to determine forest
conditions and distribution and abundance of fauna and flora. Interviews specialists in desired
fields to obtain and develop data for programs. Takes photographs and motion pictures to
illustrate lectures and publications and to develop displays. Plans and develops audiovisual
devices, prepares and presents illustrated lectures, constructs visitor-center displays, and
conducts field trips to point out scientific, historic, and natural features of park. Performs
emergency duties to protect human life, government property, and natural features of park. May
plan, organize, and direct activities of seasonal staff members. May maintain official
photographic and informational files for department.
049.364-010 FEED-RESEARCH AIDE (agriculture)
Feeds rations of experimental feeds to animals, such as
poultry, dogs, and cows, and compiles data on growth, productivity, and health of animals:
Weighs feed rations and livestock and gathers eggs and milks cows. Observes livestock to note
changes in health and preference for certain foods. Records data for evaluation by professional
personnel. Waters stock and cleans pens.
049.364-014 VECTOR CONTROL ASSISTANT (government ser.)
Assists public health staff in activities concerned with
identification, prevention, and control of vectors (disease-carrying insects and rodents): Carries
and sets up field equipment to be used in surveys of number and type of vectors in area. Sets
traps and cuts through brush and weeds to obtain specimens of vector population for use in
laboratory tests, using sweep. Prepares, mounts, and stores specimens, following instructions of
supervisor. Prepares reports of field surveys and laboratory tests based upon information
obtained from personnel involved in specific activities, for use in planning and carrying out
projects for prevention and control of vectors.
049.364-018 BIOLOGICAL AIDE (agriculture)
Assists research workers in experiments in biology,
bacteriology, plant pathology, mycology, and related agricultural sciences: Sets up laboratory
and field equipment, performs routine tests, and keeps records of plant growth, experimental
plots, greenhouse activity, use of insecticides, bee hives, and other agricultural experimentation.
Cleans and maintains field and laboratory equipment.
05 OCCUPATIONS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES This division includes occupations concerned with human society and its characteristic elements, such as origin, race, or state; and with economic and social relations and institutions involved in man's existence as a member of an organized community.
050 OCCUPATIONS IN ECONOMICS This group includes occupations concerned with research and application of economic principles relating to sources of income, expenditures, development of natural resources, and production and consumption of goods. Includes developing theories based on research data and formulating plans to aid in the solution of economic problems in such fields as agriculture, credit and financing, taxation, industry, international trade, and labor supply.
050.067-010 ECONOMIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: economic analyst
Plans, designs, and conducts research to aid in interpretation
of economic relationships and in solution of problems arising from production and distribution of
goods and services: Studies economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as
finance, labor, or agriculture. Devises methods and procedures for collecting and processing data,
utilizing knowledge of available sources of data and various econometric and sampling
techniques. Compiles data relating to research area, such as employment, productivity, and
wages and hours. Reviews and analyzes economic data in order to prepare reports detailing
results of investigation, and to stay abreast of economic changes. Organizes data into report
format and arranges for preparation of graphic illustrations of research findings. Formulates
recommendations, policies, or plans to aid in market interpretation or solution of economic
problems, such as recommending changes in methods of agricultural financing, domestic, and
international monetary policies, or policies that regulate investment and transfer of capital. May
supervise and assign work to staff. May testify at regulatory or legislative hearings to present
recommendations. May specialize in specific economic area or commodity and be designated
Agricultural Economist (profess. & kin.); Commodity-Industry Analyst (profess. & kin.);
Financial Economist (profess. & kin.); Industrial Economist (profess. & kin); International-Trade
Economist (profess. & kin.); Labor Economist (profess. & kin.); Price Economist (profess. &
kin.); Tax Economist (profess. & kin.).
050.067-014 MARKET-RESEARCH ANALYST I (profess. & kin.)
Researches market conditions in local, regional, or national
area to determine potential sales of product or service: Establishes research methodology and
designs format for data gathering, such as surveys, opinion polls, or questionnaires. Examines
and analyzes statistical data to forecast future marketing trends. Gathers data on competitors and
analyzes prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. Collects data on customer
preferences and buying habits. Prepares reports and graphic illustrations of findings.
050.117-010 DIRECTOR, EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH AND PLANNING (government ser.)
Directs activities of personnel engaged in compiling,
analyzing, and presenting data on employment problems, unemployment compensation benefits,
and labor market activities: Plans and directs research projects and surveys to develop data for
administration of federal or state laws governing employment service activities. Directs analysis
of statistical data for implementing employment service programs and for supplying information
to legislative bodies in revising employment legislation. Confers with government officials,
employers, labor leaders, and other parties to disseminate and secure information on employment
problems and assist in formulating policies to meet demonstrated needs. Advises legislators on
implications of employment and training planning and program activities.
051 OCCUPATIONS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE This group includes occupations concerned with research in the origin, development, and organization of formal and informal political entities. Includes developing theories based on research data; and making recommendations for the solution of problems in such fields as organization and administration of national and local governments, international organizations and relations, governmental policies in foreign and domestic matters, and the relations between governments and special interest groups.
051.067-010 POLITICAL SCIENTIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies phenomena of political behavior, such as origin,
development, operation, and interrelationships of political institutions, to formulate and develop
political theory: Conducts research into political philosophy and theories of political systems,
utilizing information available on political phenomena, such as governmental institutions, public
laws and administration, political party systems, and international law. Consults with
government officials, civic bodies, research agencies, and political parties. Analyzes and
interprets results of studies, and prepares reports detailing findings, recommendations or
conclusions. May organize and conduct public opinion surveys and interpret results. May
specialize in specific geographical, political, or philosophical aspect of political behavior.
052 OCCUPATIONS IN HISTORY This group includes occupations concerned with recording past or current events dealing with some phase of human activity, either in terms of individuals or social, ethnic, political, or geographic groups. Includes occupations in biography and genealogy.
052.067-010 BIOGRAPHER (profess. & kin.)
Specializes in reconstruction in narrative form of career or
phase in life of individual: Assembles biographical material from sources, such as news
accounts, diaries, personal papers and correspondence, written accounts of events in which
subject participated, and consultation with associates and relatives of subject. Portrays character
and behavior of subject on basis of historical environment and application of psychological
analysis, relating subject's activities to pertinent events during subject's lifetime [WRITER,
PROSE, FICTION AND NONFICTION (profess. & kin.)].
052.067-014 DIRECTOR, STATE-HISTORICAL SOCIETY (profess. & kin.)
Directs activities of state historical society: Directs and
coordinates activities of research staff. Reviews publications and exhibits prepared by staff prior
to public release in order to ensure historical accuracy of presentations. Speaks before various
groups, organizations, and clubs to promote society aims and activities. Consults with or advises
other individuals on historical authenticity of various materials. Conducts historical research on
subjects or topics of import to society. Performs administrative duties, such as budget
preparation, employee evaluation, and program planning. May edit society publications. May
conduct campaigns to raise funds for society programs and projects.
052.067-018 GENEALOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into genealogical background of individual
or family in order to establish descent from specific ancestor or to discover and identify forebears
of individual or family: Consults American and foreign genealogical tables and publications and
documents, such as church and court records, for evidence of births, baptisms, marriages, deaths,
and legacies in order to trace lines of descent or succession. Constructs chart showing lines of
descent and family relationships. Prepares history of family in narrative form or writes brief
sketches emphasizing points of interest in family background.
052.067-022 HISTORIAN (profess. & kin.)
Prepares in narrative, brief, or outline form chronological
account or record of past or current events dealing with some phase of human activity, either in
terms of individuals, or social, ethnic, political, or geographic groupings: Assembles historical
data by consulting sources of information, such as historical indexes and catalogs, archives, court
records, diaries, news files, and miscellaneous published and unpublished materials. Organizes
and evaluates data on basis of authenticity and relative significance. Acts as adviser or
consultant, and performs research for individuals, institutions, and commercial organizations on
subjects, such as technological evolution within industry or manners and customs peculiar to
certain historical period. May trace historical development within restricted field of research,
such as economics, sociology, or philosophy.
052.067-026 HISTORIAN, DRAMATIC ARTS (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research to authenticate details, such as customs,
costumes, manners of speech, architectural styles, modes of transportation, and other items
peculiar to given historical period or specific locality, to avoid anachronisms and inaccuracies in
presentation of stage or radio dramas or motion pictures. Reads written historical texts and
documents and pictorial material in libraries and museums, consults experts or witnesses of
historical events, and visits and observes peculiarities of areas to be used as locale of drama to
procure information.
052.167-010 DIRECTOR, RESEARCH (motion picture; radio-tv broad.)
Directs activities of motion picture or television production
research department, and conducts research on various subjects to ensure historical authenticity
of productions: Researches specific period, locality or historical event to obtain authentic
background for production, such as customs, speech characteristics, or dress, and architectural
style of era. Advises members of production staff on matters relating to historical details of
subject being photographed or recorded. Reviews and collects data, such as books, pamphlets,
periodicals, and rare newspapers, to provide source material for research. Approves or
recommends purchase of library reference materials for department, and coordinates activities of
workers engaged in cataloging and filing materials. May translate or request translation of
reference materials.
054 OCCUPATIONS IN SOCIOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with research on the development, structure, and processes of society, its institutions and cultures, and the behavior of human beings as members of collectivities and of social systems; on development and consequences of expected and deviant behavior; and on economic, political, and other differences in customs and institutions among cultures. Occupations in social work are included in Group 195.
054.067-010 RESEARCH WORKER, SOCIAL WELFARE (profess. & kin.)
Plans, organizes, and conducts research for use in
understanding social problems and for planning and carrying out social welfare programs:
Develops research designs on basis of existing knowledge and evolving theory. Constructs and
tests methods of data collection. Collects information and makes judgments through observation,
interview, and review of documents. Analyzes and evaluates data. Writes reports containing
descriptive, analytical, and evaluative content. Interprets methods employed and findings to
individuals within agency and community. May direct work of statistical clerks, statisticians, and
others. May collaborate with research workers in other disciplines. May be employed in
voluntary or governmental social welfare agencies, community welfare councils, and schools of
social work.
054.067-014 SOCIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Conducts research into development, structure, and behavior
of groups of human beings and patterns of culture and social organization which have arisen out
of group life in society. Collects and analyzes scientific data concerning social phenomena, such
as community, associations, social institutions, ethnic minorities, social classes, and social
change. May teach sociology, direct research, prepare technical publications, or act as consultant
to lawmakers, administrators, and other officials dealing with problems of social policy. May
specialize in research on relationship between criminal law and social order in causes of crime
and behavior of criminals and be designated Criminologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in
research on punishment for crime and control and prevention of crime, management of penal
institutions, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders and be designated Penologist (profess. &
kin.). May specialize in research on group relationships and processes in an industrial
organization and be designated Industrial Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in
research on rural communities in contrast with urban communities and special problems
occasioned by impact of scientific and industrial revolutions on rural way of life and be
designated Rural Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in research on interrelations
between physical environment and technology in spatial distribution of people and their activities
and be designated Social Ecologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in research on social
problems arising from individual or group deviation from commonly accepted standards of
conduct, such as crime and delinquency, or social problems and racial discrimination rooted in
failure of society to achieve its collective purposes and be designated Social Problems Specialist
(profess. & kin.). May specialize in research on origin, growth, structure, and demographic
characteristics of cities and social patterns and distinctive problems that result from urban
environment and be designated Urban Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in research
on social factors affecting health care, including definition of illness, patient and practitioner
behavior, social epidemiology, and delivery of health care, and be designated Medical
Sociologist (profess. & kin.). May plan and conduct demographic research, surveys, and
experiments to study human populations and affecting trends and be designated Demographer
(profess. & kin.) II.
054.107-010 CLINICAL SOCIOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Develops and implements corrective procedures to alleviate
group dysfunctions: Confers with individuals and groups to determine nature of group
dysfunction. Observes group interaction and interviews group members to identify problems
related to factors such as group organization, authority relationships, and role conflicts. Develops
approaches to solution of group's problems, based on findings and incorporating sociological
research and study in related disciplines. Develops intervention procedures, utilizing techniques
such as interviews, consultations, role playing, and participant observation of group interaction,
to facilitate resolution of group problems. Monitors group interaction and role affiliations to
evaluate progress and to determine need for additional change.
055 OCCUPATIONS IN ANTHROPOLOGY This group includes occupations concerned with research to determine the origin and development of the human race by comparing physical characteristics of fossilized human remains with those of existing racial groups; and research in the cultural and social development of civilization from data previously recorded or from the study of relics and ruins encountered in excavations.
055.067-010 ANTHROPOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Makes comparative studies in relations to distribution, origin,
evolution, and races of humans, cultures they have created, and their distribution and physical
characteristics: Gathers, analyzes, and reports data on human physique, social customs, and
artifacts, such as weapons, tools, pottery, and clothing. May apply anthropological data and
techniques to solution of problems in human relations in fields, such as industrial relations, race
and ethnic relations, social work, political administration, education, public health, and programs
involving transcultural or foreign relations. May specialize in application of anthropological
concepts to current problems and be designated Applied Anthropologist (profess. & kin.). May
specialize in study of relationships between language and culture and socialinguistic studies and
be designated Anthropological Linguist (profess. & kin.); or in study of relationship between
individual personality and culture and be designated Psychological Anthropologist (profess. &
kin.); or in study of complex, industrialized societies and be designated Urban Anthropologist
(profess. & kin.).
055.067-014 ANTHROPOLOGIST, PHYSICAL (profess. & kin.)
Studies meanings and causes of human physical differences
and interrelated effects of culture, heredity, and environment on human form: Studies human
fossils and their meaning in terms of long-range human evolution. Observes and measures bodily
variations and physical attributes of existing human types. Studies physical and physiological
adaptations to differing environments and hereditary characteristics of living populations. Studies
growth patterns, sexual differences, and aging phenomena of human groups, current and past.
May study museum collections of skeletal remains. May specialize in measurement of body or
skeleton and be designated Anthropometrist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in epidemiology
and nutritional studies, especially in developing or preliterate societies, and be designated
Medical Anthropologist (profess. & kin.).
055.067-018 ARCHEOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Reconstructs record of extinct cultures, especially preliterate
cultures: Studies, classifies, and interprets artifacts, architectural features, and types of structures
recovered by excavation in order to determine age and cultural identity. Establishes
chronological sequence of development of each culture from simpler to more advanced levels.
May specialize in study of literate periods of major civilizations in Near and Middle East and be
designated Archeologist, Classical (profess. & kin.). May specialize in study of past Columbian
history of the Americas and be designated Historical Archeologist (profess. & kin.).
055.067-022 ETHNOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Makes comparative studies of cultures or of selected aspects
of cultures of living peoples and of peoples no longer in existence in order to determine historical
relations, arrive at typological classifications, and make generalizations concerning cultural
process and human behavior: Studies cultures of societies, particularly preindustrial and
non-Western societies, including social and political organization, religion, economics,
mythology and traditions, and intellectual and artistic life. May formulate general laws of
cultural development, general rules of social and cultural behavior, or general value orientations.
May specialize in description of details of custom and belief and their interrelations in one
culture at a time and be designated Ethnographer (profess. & kin.).
055.381-010 CONSERVATOR, ARTIFACTS (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: preservationist
Cleans, restores, and preserves archeological specimens and
historical artifacts according to accepted chemical and physical techniques and training in
archeological science: Cleans and repairs or reinforces specimens, such as weapons, mummified
remains, and pottery, using handtools and prescribed chemical agents. Restores artifacts by
polishing, joining together broken fragments, or other procedures, using handtools, power tools,
and acid, chemical, or electrolytic corrosion-removal baths. Treats specimens to prevent or
minimize deterioration, according to accepted procedures. Records treatment of each artifact.
Prepares reports of activities. May plan and conduct research to improve methods of restoring
and preserving specimen.
059 OCCUPATIONS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES, N.E.C. This group includes occupations, not elsewhere classified, concerned with the application of the theoretical or practical aspects of social sciences.
059.067-010 PHILOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)
Studies structure and development of specific language or
language group: Traces origin and evolution of words and syntax through comparative analysis
of ancient parent languages and modern language groups, studying word and structural
characteristics, such as morphology, semantics, phonology, accent, grammar, and literature.
Identifies and classifies obscure languages, both ancient and modern, according to family and
origin. Reconstructs and deciphers ancient languages from examples found in archeological
remains of past civilizations. May specialize in study of origin, history, and development of
words and be designated Etymologist (profess. & kin.).
059.067-014 SCIENTIFIC LINGUIST (profess. & kin.) alternate titles: linguist
Studies components, structure, and relationships within
specified language to provide comprehension of its social functioning: Prepares description of
sounds, forms, and vocabulary of language. Contributes to development of linguistic theory.
Applies linguistic theory to any of following areas: development of improved methods in
translation, including computerization; teaching of language to other than native speakers;
preparation of language-teaching materials, dictionaries, and handbooks; reducing previously
unwritten languages to standardized written form; preparation of literacy materials; preparation
of tests for language-learning aptitudes and language proficiency; consultation with government
agencies regarding language programs; or preparation of descriptions of comparative languages
to facilitate improvement of teaching and translation.
059.167-010 INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH SPECIALIST (profess. & kin.) Plans and directs research into proposed problem solutions or courses of action to determine feasibility of military planning alternatives: Confers with military leaders and supporting personnel |
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